Isicatala Gujarati Guqulela

Isicatalan lulwimi lothando oluthethwa ikakhulu Espain Naseandorra, nakwezinye iindawo Zaseyurophu Ezinje Ngeitali, Ifransi, Nemalta. Ulwimi olusemthethweni lommandla Wasecatalonia Espain kwaye ikwathethwa kwimimandla ekufutshane Yasevalencia nakwiziqithi Zebalearic. Ngenxa yembali yayo eyahlukileyo, nangona inezinto ezininzi ezifanayo nezinye iilwimi Zasespain, lulwimi olwahlukileyo ngokwalo, kwaye uguqulelo phakathi kwecatalan nezinye iilwimi Zaseyurophu lunokwenza izinto ezininzi kunye nobuqili zilahleke ngokulula.

Kumashishini afuna ukunxibelelana nabathengi abathetha isicatalan okanye abasebenzi, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zibalulekile. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa abaguquleli abanamava nabaqeqeshiweyo abaqhelananga nolwimi kuphela, kodwa nayo nayiphi na into yenkcubeko. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa kuguqulelwa amaxwebhu afana nezivumelwano zomthetho. Ukongeza, njengoko Imithetho Ye-European Union kufuneka yenziwe ifumaneke kuzo zonke iilwimi ezisemthethweni ZE-EU, uguqulelo kwicatalan luyimfuneko kuzo zonke iinkampani eziqhuba ishishini kwi-EU.

Ngokufanayo, umxholo we-intanethi njengeewebhusayithi, amaphulo okuthengisa kunye nezithuba zemidiya yoluntu kufuneka ziguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo kubaphulaphuli basecatalan. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule ziqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo zichanile yaye zikhululekile kuzo naziphi na iimpazamo, yaye zisasebenza nanamhlanje yaye zifanele ngokwamasiko azo.

Xa ufuna iinkonzo zokuguqulela, kubalulekile ukukhetha umboneleli ngenkonzo onerekhodi ebanzi yomkhondo entsimini. Jonga ulwazi lwabo kunye namava olwimi, kunye neendlela zabo. Ukusebenza nomboneleli ngenkonzo oqeqeshiweyo nonamava kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo zenziwa ngokuchanekileyo nangendlela ethathela ingqalelo ubuntununtunu benkcubeko. Inkonzo yokuguqulela elungileyo iya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo ubekwe kwindawo kwaye ufanelekile kubaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Ukuqukumbela, iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule zibonelela ngonxibelelwano olubalulekileyo phakathi kwabaphulaphuli abathetha isicatalan nabangathethi isicatalan. Abaguquleli abanamava nabanolwazi banokunceda amashishini ukuba afikelele kwaye abandakanyeke kwiimarike ekujoliswe kuzo, kunye nokufezekisa izibophelelo zabo zomthetho. Ekugqibeleni, ukulandela la macebiso angasentla kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni iinguqulelo ezisebenzayo nezichanileyo.

Ngawaphi amazwe ekuthethwa ngawo kwicatalan?

Isicatalan sithethwa kumazwe aliqela, Kuquka Ispeyin, Iandorra Nefransi. Ikwabizwa Ngokuba Yivalencian kwezinye Iindawo Zoluntu Lwasevalencian. Ukongeza, isicatalan sithethwa kwizixeko ezizimeleyo Zaseceuta Nasemelilla Emantla Eafrika, nakwiziqithi Zebalearic.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesicatalan?

Ulwimi lwesicatalan lunembali ende kwaye iyahluka, eqala ngenkulungwane ye-10. Ulwimi Lothando, oluthetha ukuba luvela kwisilatini, kwaye luneengcambu zalo kumntla-mpuma we-Peninsula Yase-Iberia. Isicatalan yayilulwimi Lwesithsaba Sasearagon, esasiquka Iinxalenye zefransi yanamhlanje, I-Itali Nespeyin ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-11 ukusa kweye-15. Ngeli xesha ulwimi lwasasazeka emazantsi nasempuma kuwo wonke ummandla.
Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, isicatalan siye sachukunyiswa kakhulu zezinye iilwimi kuquka isifrentshi, ispanish nesitaliyane. Kumaxesha Aphakathi, yayilulwimi olusemthethweni Lobukumkani Basemajorca kwaye yaba lulwimi olukhethwayo kwiinkundla Zasecatalonia Nasearagon. Kwakhona kwasetyenziswa kwiindawo Ezithile Zasevalencia Nasebalearic Islands. Ngenxa yoko, ulwimi lwakwazi ukugcina iimpawu zalo ezizodwa nangona lwamkela izinto zezinye iilwimi.
Ngenkulungwane ye-18, xa Amabala alawula lo mmandla, isicatalan sathatyathelw ' indawo sisispanish njengolwimi olusemthethweni saza sabhengeza ukuba akukho semthethweni kwiindawo ezithile zommandla. Lo mqathango wawuqhubeka kude kube phakathi kwekhulu le-19 kwaye ukususela ngoko, ulwimi luye lwavuselela ukuthandwa. Olu lwimi ngoku lubonwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni Espain Nasefransi, kwaye luye lwafumana ixesha lokuvuselelwa kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesicatalan?

1. Ujaume II Wasearagon (1267-1327): wadibanisa isicatalan kunye nezinye iilwimi Kunye neelwimi Zepeninsula Yase-Iberia, ukudala isandulela kwicatalan yanamhlanje.
2. Upompeu Fabra (1868-1948): Ngokufuthi obizwa ngokuba "nguyise wecatalan yanamhlanje," Ufabra wayengumphilologist owaziwayo owamisela umgangatho kunye nokucwangcisa igrama yolwimi.
3. Ujoan Coromines (1893-1997): Icoromines yabhala isichazi-magama esichazayo solwimi lwesicatalan, esihlala siyincwadi ebalulekileyo yeembekiselo namhlanje.
4. Usalvador Espriu (1913-1985): U-Espriu wayeyimbongi, umbhali wokudlala, kunye nombhali wezincoko oncedise ekukhuthazeni ukusetyenziswa kwecatalan kuncwadi.
5. Ugabriel Ferrater (1922-1972): Uferrater wayeyimbongi kunye nomlobi weengoma zakhe ziye zaba yimifanekiso yamasiko asecatalan.

Uluphi ulwimi lwecatalan?

Ulwakhiwo lolwimi lwasecatalan lulandela i-svo (Umxholo-Isenzi-Into) umyalelo wegama. Lulwimi oludityanisiweyo, oko kuthetha ukuba igama ngalinye linokudlulisela iziqwenga ezininzi zolwazi lwegrama. Iimpawu eziphambili ze-morphology yolwimi ziquka isini, inombolo kunye nesivumelwano sesichazi. Kukho iintlobo ezine zokudibanisa ngomlomo, ezenza iiparadigms zomlomo ngokuxhomekeke kumntu, inombolo, inkalo kunye nomoya. Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zezibizo: ukuzimisela nokuzimisela. Izibizo ezimiselweyo ziphethe amanqaku angaphezulu, ngelixa izibizo ezingagqitywanga zingenzi.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwecatalan ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana incwadi elungileyo yolwimi lwesicatalan okanye ikhosi ekwi-intanethi-Khangela into egubungela iziseko zegrama kunye nesigama, kwaye inemizekelo kunye nokuzivocavoca ukukunceda uziqhelanise.
2. Sebenzisa ii-apps zolwimi-Sebenzisa usetyenziso lweselfowuni olufana Neduolingo, olunikezela ngezifundo zenqanaba lokuqala lesicatalan kwaye lusebenzisa imidlalo ukukunceda ufunde.
3. Ukubukela iifilimu zasecatalan - Ukubukela iifilimu ecatalan yindlela enhle yokufumana iindlebe zakho ngolwimi.
4. Funda ngesicatalan-Zama ukufumana iincwadi, iimagazini, okanye amaphephandaba abhalwe ngesicatalan, nokuba ufunda nje amaphepha ambalwa, kunokukunceda ukuba uthathe amagama amatsha kunye namabinzana.
5. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama - zininzi iipodcasts, imiboniso kanomathotholo, kunye neenkqubo ZIKAMABONWAKUDE ezikhoyo ecatalan ke zisebenzise ukukunceda ufumane ukubizwa kwakho ngokufanelekileyo.
6. Ukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha – eyona ndlela yokufunda naluphi na ulwimi kukuyisebenzisa. Baninzi Catalan-ukuthetha zoluntu jikelele ehlabathini ngoko ke kufuneka kube lula ukufumana umntu ukuba baqeqeshe.

Isingesi lulwimi oluthethwa zizigidi zabantu kwi-indian subcontinent kwaye luyinxalenye yolwimi lwesizwe lwasebangladesh. Yenye yeelwimi ezithandwa Kakhulu Ezithethwa Eindiya kunye nolwimi olusemthethweni Lwasebangladesh, isenza ulwimi olubalulekileyo kumashishini nakwezinye iintengiselwano zamanye amazwe. Ukuze unxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo nezithethi Zesibengali kunye nokufikelela kuncwadi, iinkonzo, kunye neemveliso zoluntu oluthetha Isibengali, ukuguqulela amaxwebhu kunye neewebhusayithi Ngesibengali kubalulekile.

Xa kuziwa ekuguquleleni amaxwebhu kunye newebhusayithi Kwi-Bengali, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukubaluleka kokunxibelelana umyalezo ngokuchanekileyo nangendlela elula ukuyiqonda. Umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo unokuqeshwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxwebhu lwakho luguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo, unikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwiimpawu zolwimi ukuze uguqulelo lubambe intsingiselo yokwenyani yesicatshulwa. Iinguqulelo nazo zihlolwe umgangatho kwaye zihlelwe ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezingcono.

Kunokuba nzima ukufumana umguquleli onobuchule kwisingesi Nesibengali. Nangona kunjalo, ngoncedo lweenkonzo zokuguqulela kunye nolawulo, unokufumana ngokukhawuleza umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo oqhelene nolwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Kukwabalulekile ukujonga iziqinisekiso zabo, amava kunye nepotifoliyo ngaphambi kokukhetha umguquleli.

Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ujongene nenguqulelo Yesibengali yindawo yokuhlala. I-localization ibandakanya ukudala umxholo othathela ingqalelo imeko yenkcubeko yabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo. Ulwimi olukhethwayo neziyelelane, amasiko asekuhlaleni nezicatshulwa zonke kufuneka zibalwe ukuze uguqulelo lube yimpumelelo.

Iimpazamo zokuguqulela zinokuba nemiphumo emibi. Ke ngoko, xa ujongana nenguqulelo Yesibengali, kubalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba imihla ebekiweyo iyafezekiswa, amaxabiso afanelekileyo, kwaye umgangatho ophezulu ugcinwa kuyo yonke inkqubo. Ngomguquleli ofanelekileyo kunye nokuphononongwa ngokucokisekileyo koxwebhu oluguqulelweyo, unokuqinisekisa ukuba intsingiselo yesicatshulwa sakho santlandlolo sihanjiswa ngokuchanekileyo ngolwimi ekujoliswe kulo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Isibhulu?

I-bangladesh ne-Indiya zithetha i-bangladesh. Ikwathethwa ngabantu abambalwa Enepal, Eunited Arab Emirates, Esaudi Arabia, Esingapore, E-United kingdom Nase-United states.

Ziziphi iilwimi Zesibengali?

Ulwimi Lwesibengali lunembali ende kwaye etyebileyo. Ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasebangladesh kunye nolwimi lwesibini oluthethwayo Eindiya. Yeyase-Indo-Aryan yeelwimi Zase-Indo-European kwaye yenye Yeelwimi Zasempuma Ze-Indo-Aryan. Kucingelwa ukuba iphuhliswe kwi-Pali, luhlobo Lweprakrit oluthethwa ngabaphengululi Bamabuddha kwi-8th century ad.
Ukusukela ngoko, iye yavela ngamagama amaninzi abolekwe kwipersi, isiarabhu, isiphuthukezi, isidatshi nesingesi. Kwinkulungwane ye-19th, Ibengali yaziswa njengolwimi olusemthethweni Lwasebritane India kwaye oku kwaphucula ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nophuhliso.
Namhlanje, Ibengali lulwimi loncwadi noluthethwayo. Ineskripthi sayo, esibhalwe ngokwahlukileyo kwiskripthi Sedevanagari. Olu lwimi lukwasetyenziswa kuncwadi, ingakumbi imibongo neprose, nakwiingoma, imidlalo neefilimu.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesibengali?

1. Irabindranath Tagore 2. Bankim Chandra Chattopadyay 3. Umichael Madhusudan Dutt 4. Kazrul Islam 5. At Bandyopadyay

Uluphi ulwimi Lwesingesi?

I-Bengali lilungu losapho Lweelwimi Zase-Indo-Aryan kwaye ibhalwe kwiskripthi Sase-Bengali. Kuyinto morphologically kwaye syntactically ulwimi analytical kunye agglutinative kunye nomlinganiswa kakhulu. Isakhiwo sayo siquka inkqubo yesandi, ukubunjwa kwamagama, i-syntax, i-morphology, i-phonology kunye nokunye. Ulwimi lusebenzisa izenzi, izikhundla, amasuntswana, izivakalisi, izichazi, izenzi, izibizo kunye nezenzi ukwenza izivakalisi. Ngokwenkqubo yesandi, isebenzisa zombini izikhamiso a ,ā, i, wembe, u, ū, e, o kunye namaqabane olwimi Lwesihindi olunje k, kh, g, g, ṅ, c, ch, j, j, j,n, ñ,,, ṇ, ṇ, ṇ, d, d, d, d, p, ph, b, m, y, r, l,v, h kunye no-sh.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesibengali ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko: Ukufunda ialfabhethi linyathelo lokuqala lokufunda naluphi na ulwimi, Kwaye Isibengali asifani. Ziqhelanise nealfabhethi Yesibengali kunye nezibizo ezinxulumene noko.
2. Zibhokoxe ngolwimi: ukuchanabeka kulwimi Lwesibengali yonke imihla yenye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokulifunda. Mamela umculo Wesibengali, bukela iifilimu Zesibengali kunye nemiboniso YETV, kwaye uncokole nezithethi zomthonyama Zesibengali kwi-intanethi.
3. Ziqhelise ukuthetha nokubhala: Chitha ixesha uziqhelanisa nokuthetha nokubhala Ngesibengali yonke imihla. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kumaqela engxoxo okanye iiforamu, kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokubhala idayari okanye izithuba zeblogi Ngesibengali.
4. Thatha ikhosi: Ukuthatha iklasi yolwimi Lwesibengali yindlela entle yokufunda ulwimi ngokufanelekileyo. Uya kufumana ukufikelela kutitshala onolwazi kwaye ufunde indlela yokwakha izivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo.
5. Sebenzisa I-Intanethi: zininzi izibonelelo eziluncedo ezikhoyo kwi-Intanethi ukukunceda ufunde Ibengali. Khangela iiwebhusayithi ezibonelela ngezifundo zomsindo kunye nevidiyo, izifundo zegrama, uluhlu lwesigama, imibuzo kunye nokunye.