Bashkir Isiamharic Guqulela

Ulwimi lwasebashkir lulwimi Lwakudala Lwaseturkey oluthethwa ngabantu basebashkir Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasebashkortostan, Erashiya. Lilungu leqela le-Kipchak leelwimi Zaseturkey, kwaye lithetha ngabantu abamalunga ne-1.5 yezigidi.

I-Bashkir lulwimi olwahlukeneyo, kunye neelwimi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezithethwa Kwiriphabhlikhi. Oku kwenza ukuba ukuguqulela ukusuka nokuya ebashkir kube ngumsebenzi onzima ngokwentelekiso. Kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweelwimi ezinokwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuguqulela, njengokuphela kwamagama ahlukeneyo kunye notshintsho kubizo.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuguqulelwa okuchanileyo, kubalulekile ukuba ube nezithethi zomthonyama zasebashkir eziqonda izinto zolwimi. Aba baguquleli bafanele baziqonde kakuhle iilwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye bakwazi ukuthabatha kwanezona zahlukahlukano zifihlakeleyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto abaguquleli abaziingcali behlala bethandwa xa kufikwa kwinguqulelo yebashkir.

Xa ujonga umguquleli webashkir, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo. Amava ngundoqo; umguquleli kufuneka abe nolwazi lomthombo kunye nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo, kunye nokuqonda imeko yenkcubeko. Kukwabalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umguquleli unolwazi oluhlaziyiweyo lwesigama esisetyenziswa kulwimi, njengoko oku kunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ngokubanzi, uguqulelo lwebashkir lufuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo kunye nobuchule, kunye nokuqonda iilwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Kubalulekile ukuqesha umguquleli onamava kwaye onolwazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba intsingiselo ekujoliswe kuyo idluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasebashkir?

Ulwimi lwasebashkir ngokuyinhloko luthethwa Erashiya, nangona kukho inani elincinci lezithethi Ekazakhstan, Eukraine Naseuzbekistan.

Yintoni imbali yolwimi lwesibashkir?

Ulwimi lwasebashkir lulwimi Lwaseturkey oluthethwa ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasebashkortostan, ekwingingqi Yeentaba Zeural yaserashiya. Olu lolona lwimi lusemthethweni Kwiriphabliki kwaye lukwathethwa ngamanye amalungu e-Udmurt minority ekufuphi. Olu lwimi luye lwasetyenziswa kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi kwaye lolunye lweelwimi ezindala Zaseturkey ezisathethwayo namhlanje.
Iirekhodi zokuqala ezibhaliweyo zolwimi lwesibashkir zibuyela emva kwekhulu le-16. Ngeli xesha, i-Arabic ne-persia yayiphenjelelwa kakhulu. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, ibashkir yaba lulwimi olubhaliweyo lwabancinci abahlukeneyo kulo mmandla. Yayisetyenziswa nakwimisebenzi yesayensi, eyanceda ukuba isasazeke kuwo wonke ummandla.
Ngexesha Lesoviet, ulwimi lwasebashkir lwachaphazeleka kakhulu yimpembelelo yaserussia. Amagama amaninzi asebashkir athatyathelw ' indawo ngamagama abo aserashiya. Ulwimi lwafundiswa nasezikolweni kwaye kwakukho umzamo wokudala i-alfabhethi yebashkir edibeneyo.
Kwixesha Lasemva Kwesoviet, ibashkir ibone ukuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye kubekho umzamo owandisiweyo wokugcina ulwimi. Abantu abaninzi ngoku bafunda ibashkir njengolwimi lwesibini, kwaye urhulumente Weriphabhlikhi Yasebashkortostan wenza iinzame ezinkulu zokuqinisekisa ukusinda kolwimi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesibashkir?

1. U-Ildar Gabdrafikov-imbongi, umshicileli, kunye nombhali weskripthi, wayengumntu obalulekileyo kuncwadi lwesibashkir kunye nokuvuselelwa kolwimi lwesibashkir.
2. Unikolay Galikhanov-umphengululi wasebashkir kunye nembongi, wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ebashkir kwaye uthathwa njengomseki wesayensi yanamhlanje yasebashkir.
3. Udamir Ismagilov - isifundiswa, ifilosofi kunye neelwimi, wasebenza ngokubanzi ukwandisa izinga lokufunda phakathi kwezithethi zasebashkir kwaye waqulunqa imisebenzi emininzi ebhaliweyo ngolwimi lwasebashkir.
4. Asker Aimbetov-imbongi yasebashkir, umbhali kunye nezifundo, wayengomnye wamanani aphambili kulwimi lwesibashkir kunye noncwadi, kwaye wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ngolwimi.
5. I-Irek Yakhina-umbhali odumileyo wasebashkir kunye nomdlali wokudlala, imisebenzi yakhe ayaziwa Kuphela Erashiya kodwa kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye wenze okuninzi ukwenza ulwimi lwasebashkir lufikeleleke ngakumbi kubafundi.

Njani ulwimi lwesibashkir?

Ulwimi lwasebashkir lulwimi oluguqukayo lwesebe Lasekipchak losapho Lweelwimi Zaseturkey. Ibonakaliswa kukusetyenziswa kwezimamva kunye nezandi ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukubonisa imisebenzi yegrama. I-Bashkir nayo inenkqubo etyebileyo ye-consonants kunye nezikhamiso, kunye nezakhiwo ze-syllabic kunye ne-adverbial ezenza isakhiwo sayo sonke.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasebashkir ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Ziqhelanise ne-Bashkir alfabhethi kunye nokubiza. Eli linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo ukuba uqala ukufunda ibashkir. Qala ngokufunda ezinye iitekisi ezisisiseko kwibashkir kwaye uziqhelanise nokubiza unobumba ngamnye ngokuchanekileyo.
2. Zama ukufumana umhlohli okanye ikhosi. Indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda ulwimi kukufumana umyalelo omnye kunye nesithethi somthonyama. Ukuba oko akunakwenzeka, jonga kwizifundo zendawo, okanye izifundo zomsindo kunye nevidiyo, ukukunceda ufunde ulwimi.
3. Funda, mamela kwaye ubukele izinto ezininzi ebashkir. Njengoko ufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya ngolwimi, qhubeka ufunda kwaye umamele amajelo eendaba ebashkir. Zama ukufumana ukurekhodwa kweaudiyo, uncwadi, iifilimu kunye neengoma ngesibashkir kwaye uzicwilise ngolwimi.
4. Fumana ukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha ibashkir. Fumana iqabane onokuziqhelanisa nalo, okanye ujoyine iforum ekwi-intanethi apho abantu bathetha khona ibashkir. Ungesabi ukwenza iimpazamo - oku kukufunda!
5. Qhubeka ufunda. Nokuba uziva ukhululekile kwiziseko, kuhlala kukho into entsha onokuyifunda kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Qhubeka ufunda, mamela kwaye ubukele izinto ezininzi ebashkir kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

I-Amharic lulwimi oluphambili lwase-Ethiopia kunye nolwimi lwesibini oluthethwa Kakhulu Kwihlabathi. Lulwimi olusebenzayo Lwe-Federal Democratic Republic Of Ethiopia kunye nolunye lweelwimi ezivunywa ngokusesikweni Yimanyano Ye-Afrika. Lulwimi Lwe-Afro-Asia olusondeleyo olunxulumene Nege'ez, ekwabelwana ngalo ngesithethe esiqhelekileyo sonqulo kunye noncwadi, kwaye njengezinye iilwimi Zamasemitic, isebenzisa inkqubo ye-triconsonantal yamaqabane ukwenza amagama ayo engcambu.

Ulwimi Lweamharic lubuyela kwi-12TH century AD kwaye lubhalwa kusetyenziswa iskripthi esibizwa Ngokuba Yi-Fida, esivela kwi-Ge'ez script yamandulo, ehambelana kakhulu ne-alfabhethi yasefenike yamandulo. Isigama Se-Amharic sisekelwe kwiilwimi zasekuqaleni Ze-Afro-Asia kwaye ziye zaphuculwa Ngamasemitic, Ama-Cushite, Ama-Omotic kunye namagrike.

Xa kuziwa ekuguquleleni Kwe-Amharic, kukho imiceli mngeni embalwa engundoqo enokwenza lo msebenzi ube ngumceli mngeni. Umzekelo, kunzima ukuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo amagama ukusuka kwisingesi ukuya Kwisimharic ngenxa yomahluko phakathi kweelwimi ezimbini. Kwakhona, ekubeni Iamharic ingenazo izenzi, kunokuba nzima ukuba abaguquleli bagcine iingqondo zesingesi xa beguqulela. Okokugqibela, ukubizwa kwamagama Ngesi-Amharic kunokwahluka kakhulu kulwimi lwabo lwesingesi, kufuna ulwazi lwezandi ezisetyenziswa kulwimi.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana eyona nguqulelo Yesiamharic ibalaseleyo, kubalulekile ukuba usebenze nabaguquleli abanamava abanamava kulwimi nakwinkcubeko yalo. Khangela abaguquleli abaqonda izinto zolwimi kwaye banokubonelela ngokutolika okuchanekileyo. Ukongeza, kufuneka babe nendlela eguquguqukayo yokuguqulela, njengoko ezinye iitekisi zinokufuna ukulungelelaniswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zomfundi.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zeamharic ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo zinokukunceda uthathe imisebenzi yakho yeshishini e-Ethiopia nakwingingqi ebanzi ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo. Bakuvumela ukuba unxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo nomyalezo wakho ngolwimi oluqondwa ngokubanzi kwaye luxatyiswe, okwenza kube lula ukunxibelelana nabaphulaphuli bakho ekujoliswe kubo kwingingqi.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Isiamharic?

I-Amharic ithethwa ikakhulu E-Ethiopia, kodwa nase-Eritrea, Djibouti, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Bahrain, Yemen nakwasirayeli.

Yintoni i-Amharic language?

Ulwimi Lwesiamharic lunembali etyebileyo kunye neyamandulo. Kukholelwa ukuba yaqala ukuphuhliswa E-Ethiopia malunga nekhulu le-9 AD kucingelwa ukuba ivela kwiilwimi zamandulo Zamasemitic zege'ez, ezazisetyenziswa njengolwimi lwenkolo Yecawa Yase-Ethiopia Orthodox. Iirekhodi zokuqala ze-Amharic ezibhaliweyo zenzeka ngekhulu le-16, kwaye ekugqibeleni zamkelwa yinkundla Yomlawuli Umenelik II njengolwimi olusemthethweni lwase-Ethiopia. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, Iamharic yamkelwa njengendawo yokufundisa kwizikolo ezininzi zaseprayimari, kwaye ulwimi lwathethwa ngokubanzi njengoko I-Ethiopia yaqala ukuphuculwa. Namhlanje, Iamharic lolona lwimi luthethwa Kakhulu E-Ethiopia, kunye nolona lwimi lusetyenziswa kakhulu kuphondo Lweafrika.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesiamharic?

1. Zera Yacob (16th Century Ethiopian Philosopher) 2. Umlawuli Umenelik II (Walawula Ngo-1889-1913, i-Orthography Ye-Amharic) 3. I-Gugsa Welle (19th Century Poet Kunye Nomlobi) 4. Unega Mezlekia (Umbhali Wenoveli Kunye Nombhali Wezincoko) 5. Rashid Ali (20th Century Ebook)

Uluphi ulwimi Lwe-Amharic?

I-Amharic lulwimi lwesimitic kwaye yeyosapho lolwimi Lwe-Afroasiatic. Kubhaliwe kusetyenziswa ialfabhethi Kageez enoonobumba abangama-33 abalungelelaniswe ngezikhamiso ezili-11 kunye namaqabane angama-22. Olu lwimi luneeklasi ezilithoba zezibizo, amadoda amabini (amadoda namabhinqa), kunye nezenzi ezithandathu. I-Amharic inomyalelo wegama LE-VSO, oku kuthetha ukuba isihloko sandulela isenzi, esandulela into. Inkqubo yayo yokubhala ikwasebenzisa izimamva ukubonisa uxinzelelo, isini, kunye nobuninzi bezibizo.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lwesiamharic ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana umhlohli olungileyo: eyona ndlela yokufunda ulwimi Lwesiamharic kukuqesha umhlohli othetha ulwimi ngokutyibilikayo kwaye unokukunceda ufunde ukubiza ngokufanelekileyo, isigama kunye negrama.
2. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi: zininzi izibonelelo ezinkulu ezikwi-intanethi ezibonelela ngezifundo zomsindo kunye nevidiyo kunye nezifundo zokufunda ulwimi Lwesiamharic. Ezi zixhobo zinokuba luncedo kakhulu ekuqondeni amabinzana Ama-Amharic kunye nokuqonda ukubiza.
3. Funda i-Amharic culture: enye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokufunda ulwimi olungaqhelekanga kukuntywiliselwa. Ngoko ke, ukuba kunokwenzeka, zama ukutyelela I-Ethiopia okanye ukubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yentlalo nabanye abantu abathetha I-Amharic. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba uqonde ngakumbi ulwimi kwaye wenze ukufunda kube lula.
4. Ukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha: Ukuziqhelanisa ngokuvakalayo kubalulekile xa ufunda naluphi na ulwimi, kuquka Isiamharic. Thetha ngokuvakalayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze uphucule ukubiza kwakho kwaye uqhele ukwenza izivakalisi kunye nokuthetha ngokwendalo.
5. Funda iincwadi Ze-Amharic kunye namaphephandaba: Ukufunda iincwadi kunye namaphephandaba abhalwe Ngesi-Amharic yindlela enhle yokwandisa isigama sakho, uqhelane nesakhiwo sesivakalisi kwaye wandise ukuqonda kwakho ulwimi.
6. Mamela Umculo We-Amharic: Ekugqibeleni, enye indlela enhle yokufunda I-Amharic ngomculo. Ukuphulaphula umculo wendabuko wase-Ethiopia kunye neengoma kunokukunceda ukuphucula ukubiza kwakho, mamela indlebe yakho kulwimi, kwaye kukunceda ukhumbule amagama amatsha kunye namabinzana.