Isiczech Isihungarian Guqulela

Czech yenye yeelwimi ezininzi umdla ehlabathini. Ithethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-10 kwaye yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko Kwiriphabhlikhi yaseczech. Ukusebenzisa inguqulelo yesiczech kunokuba yindlela entle yokuqinisekisa ukuba ishishini lakho, iwebhusayithi, okanye unxibelelwano lwendawo efanelekileyo ukufikelela kule ntengiso ibalulekileyo.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo ngenkonzo yokuguqulela yaseczech, kubalulekile ukuqonda ubunzima bokuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo ukusuka eczech. Isiczech lulwimi Lwesislavic, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inesakhiwo sayo esikhethekileyo segrama, oonobumba abohlukeneyo, neziyelelane eziliqela. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaguquleli kufuneka babe nobuchule kulwimi lwesiczech nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo ukuze baguqulele ngempumelelo.

Ukuba ufuna inkonzo ethembekileyo yeenguqulelo, kufuneka ukhangele inkampani enamava kunye nobuchule kulwimi lwesiczech. Kufuneka bakwazi ukunika iinguqulelo ezichanileyo nezifanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko. Umguquleli olungileyo uya kuba nolwazi olunzulu lwenkcubeko yendawo ukuze bakwazi ukufumana umxholo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba kufanelekile ngokwenkcubeko.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuguqulela isiczech. Abaguquleli kufuneka bakwazi ukufumana umyalezo ngokucacileyo nangokuchanekileyo, ngaphandle kokulalanisa ithoni okanye injongo yombhalo wokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo lukhangelwe ngokuchanekileyo sisithethi somthonyama saseczech ngaphambi kokuba sipapashwe.

Ekugqibeleni, inkonzo elungileyo yokuguqulela yaseczech iya kubonelela ngamaxesha okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ixesha lihlala liyinto ebalulekileyo xa kuziwa ekuhlaleni, ke kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba inkonzo oyikhethayo inokuhambisa kwimihla ebekiweyo ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho.

Xa kuziwa kwinguqulelo yesiczech, kubalulekile ukufumana inkonzo yobungcali eqonda izinto zolwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Ngenkonzo yokuguqulela efanelekileyo, unokuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo wakho wendawo ngokuchanekileyo, unxibelelene ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye wamkelwe kakuhle ngabantu abathetha isiczech.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesiczech?

Ulwimi lwesiczech ikakhulu luthethwa Kwiriphabhlikhi yaseczech. Kukho nabantu abathetha isiczech Eostriya, Ejamani, Ehungary, Epoland, Eslovakia Naseukraine. Ikwathethwa ngamanani amancinci abantu kwamanye amazwe, Afana Neostreliya, Ikhanada, Icroatia, Ifransi, I-Itali, Iromania, Iserbia, Neunited states.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesiczech?

Ulwimi lwesiczech lulwimi Olusentshona Slavonic, inxalenye yentsapho Yeelwimi Zaseyurophu. Oku kuhambelana kakhulu neslovak kwaye ulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhlikhi yaseczech. Ulwimi luye lwaphenjelelwa kakhulu ngesilatini, isijamani nesipolish ukutyhubela iinkulungwane.
Ubungqina bokuqala bolwimi buqala emva kwinkulungwane ye-10, xa yaqala ukubhalwa kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiczech Republic. Ngelo xesha, ulwimi Lwalubizwa Ngokuba Yi-Bohemian kwaye lwaluthethwa kakhulu kummandla Wasebohemian. Ukutyhubela inkulungwane ye-11 neye-12, yavela Kwicawa Yakudala Islavonic, nangona yayisagcina ezinye iinkalo zolwimi lwantlandlolo.
Ngekhulu le-14, ulwimi lwesiczech lwaqala ukusetyenziswa kwifom ebhaliweyo kwaye inguqu yokuqala yolwimi, eyaziwa Ngokuba Yi-Middle Czech, yavela. Ngeli xesha, ulwimi lwenziwa utshintsho oluninzi ngenxa yempembelelo yesilatini, isijamani nesipolish kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe lwaphuhliswa lwaba yiczech Yanamhlanje.
Ngowe-1882, Ingcali yeelwimi Yesiczech Čeněk Zíbrt yapapasha igrama yakhe yesiczech, eyayisebenza njengesiseko sokumiselwa kwemigangatho yolwimi. Olu lwimi lwadityaniswa kamva phantsi Komthetho Wamaothography wesiczech ka-1943, owaseka ulwimi olubhaliweyo oluqhelekileyo kwiriphabhlikhi yonke yaseczech.
Ukususela ngoko, olu lwimi luye lwaqhubeka lukhula yaye lukhula, yaye namhlanje luthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-9 eczech Republic Naseslovakia.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesiczech?

1. Ujan Hus (malunga no-1369-1415): umguquleli wezenkolo waseczech, isifilosofi, kunye nomhlohli wezakwalizwi Kwiyunivesithi Yasecharles Eprague, Ujan Hus wayenempembelelo enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi lwesiczech. Ukushumayela kwakhe nemibhalo yakhe enempembelelo yabhalwa ngesiczech yaza yanceda ekuqiniseni isimo sayo njengolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Ebohemia.
2. Uváclav Hladký (1883-1949): ingcali yeelwimi yesiczech kunye nonjingalwazi Weelwimi Zeslavic Kwiyunivesithi Yasecharles Eprague, Uváclav Hladký wabhala imisebenzi emininzi kulwimi lwesiczech, kuquka Igrama yesiczech Kunye Ne-Orthography. Kwakhona waba negalelo elikhulu Isithethe Ulwimi Czechoslovak State, leyo yamkelwa 1926 kwaye ihlala umgangatho osemthethweni Czech namhlanje.
3. Boženaěmcová (1820-1862): Eyaziwa Kakhulu ngenoveli Yakhe Ubabička( Ugogo), Uboženaěmcová wayengumntu omkhulu kwiczech National Revival movement kwaye phakathi kwababhali bokuqala ukubhala ngokubanzi ngesiczech. Imisebenzi yakhe yaba negalelo ekuveleni kolwimi loncwadi lwesiczech kwaye yanceda ekwandiseni ukusetyenziswa kwalo kuncwadi.
4. Ujosef Jungmann (1773-1847): imbongi kunye nengcali yeelwimi, Ujosef Jungmann waba negalelo ekwakheni ulwimi lwesiczech. Ubizwa ngokuba ukwazisa amagama amaninzi avela kwezinye iilwimi, njengesijamani, isitaliyane nesifrentshi, ngesiczech, kwaye wanceda ukuseka ulwimi lwesiczech njengolwimi loncwadi.
5. Prokop Diviš (1719-1765): i-linguist kunye ne-polyglot, Iprokop Diviš ithathwa njengenye yookhokho beelwimi zaseczech. Wabhala ngokubanzi kwiilwimi zokuthelekisa, igrama, kunye ne-phonology, kwaye uncedwa ekuncedeni ukuguqula ulwimi lwesiczech kwaye lwenze lufaneleke ngakumbi ekubhaleni ngokusemthethweni.

Njani ulwimi lwesiczech?

Ulwimi lwesiczech lulwimi Lwasentshona Slavic, oko kuthetha ukuba lolwentsapho efanayo nezinye iilwimi Zeslavic ezifana nesipolish, islovak nesirashiya. Zineempawu ezahlukileyo ezenza ukuba zahluke kwezinye iilwimi.
Ulwimi lwesiczech lulwimi oluguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama atshintsha ifom yabo kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwabo kwisivakalisi. Ikwaqulethe i-agglutination, oko kuthetha ukuba izimaphambili kunye nezimamva zongezwa kumagama ukwenza amagama amatsha okanye ukubonisa intsingiselo. I-Czech inamatyala asixhenxe (ngokwahlukileyo kwisingesi esinezihloko ezimbini, umxholo kunye nento). Amatyala asixhenxe achaphazela izibizo, izimelabizo, izichazi kunye namanani, kwaye abonisa indima yegama kwisivakalisi.
Ekugqibeleni, isiczech lulwimi lwefonetiki, olunembalelwano phakathi kwamagama abhaliweyo nathethwayo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukufunda nokubiza, nangona ngaphandle kokuqonda intsingiselo yamagama.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesiczech ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko zegrama yesiczech kunye nokubiza amagama. Zininzi iincwadi kunye nezixhobo ezikwi-intanethi ezifumanekayo ukukunceda ufunde iziseko zolwimi.
2. Ntywila kwisigama. Funda amabinzana aphambili kunye namagama aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa ukuqala ukwakha isiseko sokuqonda.
3. Zicel ' umngeni ngezihloko ezintsonkothileyo. Pholisha ulwimi lwakho oluthethwayo nolubhaliweyo ngokuqhelisela izivakalisi ezintsonkothileyo, iifom zezenzi, kunye namaxesha ahlukeneyo.
4. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama kwaye ubukele iifilimu zangaphandle. Ukuze uphucule ukubiza kwakho kunye nokuqonda ulwimi, jonga imithombo yeendaba efana neenkqubo ZETV,izitishi zerediyo, kunye neepodcasts ukuze uve kwaye uqhelane nesiczech accent kunye nesilang.
5. Chitha ixesha kwilizwe elithetha isiczech. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzifaka ngokupheleleyo kulwimi nakwinkcubeko. Ukuba oku akunjalo, zama ukuthetha nabantu abathetha isiczech okanye usebenzisane namaqela athetha isiczech okanye uluntu.

Ukubaluleka kwenguqulelo yesihungary

Ulwimi lwesihungary luthethwa ngabantu abayizigidi ezili-13 kwaye lulwimi olusemthethweni Ehungary. Ngenxa yoko, imfuno yeenkonzo zokuguqulela zasehungary ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziye zanda kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo. Oku kungenxa yokukhula kolwimi kunye norhwebo lwamanye amazwe kunye nokwanda kwabemi Basehungary.

Kulabo bafuna ukwenza ishishini ngaphakathi Okanye ngehungary, ukufikelela kubaguquleli basehungary kubalulekile. Ngaphandle kweenguqulelo ezifanelekileyo, umntu unokuphoswa ngamathuba anokubakho kwaye aphoswe kukuqonda okuxabisekileyo kweemarike. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuba amashishini atyale imali kwiinguqulelo ezisemgangathweni ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yabo Ehungary.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeenkonzo zokuguqulela zasehungary kukuba zilungelelaniswe kakhulu ukuze zilungele iimfuno ezithile. Abaguquleli banokubonelela ngokuqwalaselwa ngokucokisekileyo kwiimpawu zolwimi, ezinokunceda ukwandisa amava omsebenzisi kunye nokwandisa ifuthe lomyalezo weshishini. Ukongeza, iinguqulelo zobungcali ziya kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokungaguquguquki kuwo onke amaxwebhu, ukuguqulela kungekuphela nje amagama, kodwa nomongo kunye nenjongo.

Xa ukhetha umboneleli wenkonzo yokuguqulela isihungary, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkampani inobuchule obuyimfuneko kunye namava kulwimi. Eyona ndlela yokwenza oku kukujonga izikhombisi ezivela kubathengi bangaphambili kunye neziqinisekiso ezivela kwimibutho yolwimi efanelekileyo. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umguquleli uqhelene nesihungary kunye nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo, eqinisekisa ukuba amagama kulwimi nakwinkcubeko aguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukubaluleka kwenguqulelo echanekileyo yesihungary akunakubaxwa. Amashishini kunye nabantu abafuna iinguqulelo kufuneka baqiniseke ukuba basebenza nabaguquleli abanamava, abaqinisekisiweyo abanokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezisemgangathweni ngolwimi. Ngokwenza njalo, banokuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wabo ubonakaliswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye uqondwe ngokulula ngabaphulaphuli abajoliswe kubo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isihungary?

Isihungary sithethwa ikakhulu Ehungary, nakwimimandla Yaseromania, Eukraine, Eserbia, Ecroatia, Eostriya naseslovenia.

Yintoni isihungary ulwimi?

Imbali yolwimi lwasehungary isusela kwinkulungwane ye-9 xa Izizwe Zasemagyar zafudukela Kumbindi Yurophu Zaza zaqalisa ukuhlala kwindawo ngoku eyihungary. Kukholelwa ukuba ulwimi luyinxalenye yentsapho Yolwimi Lwe-Uralic, enxulumene kakhulu nesifinnish nesi-estonia.
Irekhodi lokuqala elibhaliweyo lolwimi lwasehungary livela malunga ne-896 AD, xa iinkokheli ezimbini zezizwe Zasemagyar zabhala incwadi Kwi-Old Hungarian Kumlawuli Wasebyzantium Uleo Vi. kamva, ulwimi lwafumana utshintsho olubalulekileyo phantsi kwefuthe lezinye iilwimi, ngakumbi isilatini nesijamani, kwaye kwavela iilwimi ezahlukeneyo.
Ebudeni benkulungwane ye-16, isihungary saba lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Lobukumkani Basehungary, ibe sahlala sinjalo ukususela ngoko. Olu lwimi luye lwaqhubeka lukhula ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, yaye namhlanje lolunye lweelwimi ezithethwa Kakhulu Kumbindi Yurophu.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesihungary?

1. Umiklós Kálmán: Uyise wolwimi lwesihungary, wabeka iziseko zokubhala kwesihungary kwaye waphuhlisa igrama yokuqala yesihungary kunye nesichazi-magama.
2. Ujános Arany: imbongi yenkulungwane ye-19, wadala "Uarany Magyar Nyelv" ("Ulwimi Lwasehungary"), oluseke izikhokelo ezitsha malunga nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwesihungary.
3. Uferenc Kölcsey: umbhali womhobe wesizwe wasehungary, waba negalelo kuphuhliso loncwadi lwasehungary kunye nemibongo ngemisebenzi yakhe.
4. Usándor Pet Erfi: umntu ophawulekayo kuncwadi lwesihungary, waba negalelo ekubumbeni uhlobo lwangoku lolwimi lwesihungary ngokuphuhlisa isitayela semibongo esidibanisa isiko kunye nentsha.
5. U-Endre Ady: imbongi eyaziwayo yenkulungwane yama-20, wabhala imisebenzi emininzi yeentsomi kunye nemibongo eyanceda ukuchaza indlela ulwimi lwesihungary olusetyenziswa ngayo namhlanje.

Njani ulwimi lwesihungary?

Ulwimi Lwasehungary lulwimi Lwe-Uralic olunemvelaphi Yasefinno-Urgic. Ubume bayo buchazwa ngeefowuni ezili-14 ezihlukeneyo kunye neefowuni ze-consonant, kwaye umyalelo wayo oyintloko wegama ngumxholo-Isenzi. I-agglutinative kunye ne-suffix-based based, ithetha ukuba izimamva ezininzi zongezwa kwigama elilodwa leengcambu ukubonisa iintsingiselo ezininzi. Umzekelo, isenzi "eszik" siqulathe ingcambu " esz "kunye ne-4 suffixes:" - ik, - et, - neek". Ngokudibanisa ezi zimamva kwigama leengcambu, umntu unokudala amabinzana ahlukeneyo asenge "esznek" (bayatya) okanye "eszik" (uyatya). Ukongeza, ihungary inamaxesha ali-14 kunye namatyala ali-16 okwenza inkqubo entsonkothileyo ngakumbi edume kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yobunzima bayo bokufunda.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesihungary ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngencwadi elungileyo yesihungary okanye ikhosi ekwi-intanethi. Khangela ikhosi okanye incwadi echaza igrama esisiseko ngokucacileyo kwaye ikuzisa kumagama abalulekileyo kunye namabinzana.
2. Fumana amagama ahamba kunye Hungarian. Funda amaphephandaba asehungary, ubukele iifilimu zasehungary kunye nemiboniso yetv, mamela umculo wasehungary, kwaye usebenzise incoko nabemi Basehungary.
3. Funda isihungary. Ukufunda isihungary linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekufundeni ulwimi ngokufanelekileyo. Umfundisi-ntsapho ofanelekileyo unokukunika ingxelo ngendlela owabiza ngayo, akuncede ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo yegrama okanye yesigama, aze akukhuthaze ukuba uqhubeke ufunda.
4. Ziqhelise rhoqo. Ukuqhubela phambili kubalulekile ekuqhubekeni kwezifundo zakho. Zama ukufunda amaxesha ambalwa ngeveki, nokuba imizuzu eyi-10 nje.
5. Qala dating kwi-hungary. Ukudibana nabanye abantu abafunda isihungary yindlela entle yokwenza abahlobo kwaye uhlale ukhuthazekile.