Isiczech I-telugu Guqulela

Czech yenye yeelwimi ezininzi umdla ehlabathini. Ithethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-10 kwaye yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko Kwiriphabhlikhi yaseczech. Ukusebenzisa inguqulelo yesiczech kunokuba yindlela entle yokuqinisekisa ukuba ishishini lakho, iwebhusayithi, okanye unxibelelwano lwendawo efanelekileyo ukufikelela kule ntengiso ibalulekileyo.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo ngenkonzo yokuguqulela yaseczech, kubalulekile ukuqonda ubunzima bokuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo ukusuka eczech. Isiczech lulwimi Lwesislavic, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inesakhiwo sayo esikhethekileyo segrama, oonobumba abohlukeneyo, neziyelelane eziliqela. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaguquleli kufuneka babe nobuchule kulwimi lwesiczech nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo ukuze baguqulele ngempumelelo.

Ukuba ufuna inkonzo ethembekileyo yeenguqulelo, kufuneka ukhangele inkampani enamava kunye nobuchule kulwimi lwesiczech. Kufuneka bakwazi ukunika iinguqulelo ezichanileyo nezifanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko. Umguquleli olungileyo uya kuba nolwazi olunzulu lwenkcubeko yendawo ukuze bakwazi ukufumana umxholo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba kufanelekile ngokwenkcubeko.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuguqulela isiczech. Abaguquleli kufuneka bakwazi ukufumana umyalezo ngokucacileyo nangokuchanekileyo, ngaphandle kokulalanisa ithoni okanye injongo yombhalo wokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo lukhangelwe ngokuchanekileyo sisithethi somthonyama saseczech ngaphambi kokuba sipapashwe.

Ekugqibeleni, inkonzo elungileyo yokuguqulela yaseczech iya kubonelela ngamaxesha okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ixesha lihlala liyinto ebalulekileyo xa kuziwa ekuhlaleni, ke kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba inkonzo oyikhethayo inokuhambisa kwimihla ebekiweyo ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho.

Xa kuziwa kwinguqulelo yesiczech, kubalulekile ukufumana inkonzo yobungcali eqonda izinto zolwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Ngenkonzo yokuguqulela efanelekileyo, unokuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo wakho wendawo ngokuchanekileyo, unxibelelene ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye wamkelwe kakuhle ngabantu abathetha isiczech.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesiczech?

Ulwimi lwesiczech ikakhulu luthethwa Kwiriphabhlikhi yaseczech. Kukho nabantu abathetha isiczech Eostriya, Ejamani, Ehungary, Epoland, Eslovakia Naseukraine. Ikwathethwa ngamanani amancinci abantu kwamanye amazwe, Afana Neostreliya, Ikhanada, Icroatia, Ifransi, I-Itali, Iromania, Iserbia, Neunited states.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesiczech?

Ulwimi lwesiczech lulwimi Olusentshona Slavonic, inxalenye yentsapho Yeelwimi Zaseyurophu. Oku kuhambelana kakhulu neslovak kwaye ulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhlikhi yaseczech. Ulwimi luye lwaphenjelelwa kakhulu ngesilatini, isijamani nesipolish ukutyhubela iinkulungwane.
Ubungqina bokuqala bolwimi buqala emva kwinkulungwane ye-10, xa yaqala ukubhalwa kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiczech Republic. Ngelo xesha, ulwimi Lwalubizwa Ngokuba Yi-Bohemian kwaye lwaluthethwa kakhulu kummandla Wasebohemian. Ukutyhubela inkulungwane ye-11 neye-12, yavela Kwicawa Yakudala Islavonic, nangona yayisagcina ezinye iinkalo zolwimi lwantlandlolo.
Ngekhulu le-14, ulwimi lwesiczech lwaqala ukusetyenziswa kwifom ebhaliweyo kwaye inguqu yokuqala yolwimi, eyaziwa Ngokuba Yi-Middle Czech, yavela. Ngeli xesha, ulwimi lwenziwa utshintsho oluninzi ngenxa yempembelelo yesilatini, isijamani nesipolish kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe lwaphuhliswa lwaba yiczech Yanamhlanje.
Ngowe-1882, Ingcali yeelwimi Yesiczech Čeněk Zíbrt yapapasha igrama yakhe yesiczech, eyayisebenza njengesiseko sokumiselwa kwemigangatho yolwimi. Olu lwimi lwadityaniswa kamva phantsi Komthetho Wamaothography wesiczech ka-1943, owaseka ulwimi olubhaliweyo oluqhelekileyo kwiriphabhlikhi yonke yaseczech.
Ukususela ngoko, olu lwimi luye lwaqhubeka lukhula yaye lukhula, yaye namhlanje luthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-9 eczech Republic Naseslovakia.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesiczech?

1. Ujan Hus (malunga no-1369-1415): umguquleli wezenkolo waseczech, isifilosofi, kunye nomhlohli wezakwalizwi Kwiyunivesithi Yasecharles Eprague, Ujan Hus wayenempembelelo enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi lwesiczech. Ukushumayela kwakhe nemibhalo yakhe enempembelelo yabhalwa ngesiczech yaza yanceda ekuqiniseni isimo sayo njengolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Ebohemia.
2. Uváclav Hladký (1883-1949): ingcali yeelwimi yesiczech kunye nonjingalwazi Weelwimi Zeslavic Kwiyunivesithi Yasecharles Eprague, Uváclav Hladký wabhala imisebenzi emininzi kulwimi lwesiczech, kuquka Igrama yesiczech Kunye Ne-Orthography. Kwakhona waba negalelo elikhulu Isithethe Ulwimi Czechoslovak State, leyo yamkelwa 1926 kwaye ihlala umgangatho osemthethweni Czech namhlanje.
3. Boženaěmcová (1820-1862): Eyaziwa Kakhulu ngenoveli Yakhe Ubabička( Ugogo), Uboženaěmcová wayengumntu omkhulu kwiczech National Revival movement kwaye phakathi kwababhali bokuqala ukubhala ngokubanzi ngesiczech. Imisebenzi yakhe yaba negalelo ekuveleni kolwimi loncwadi lwesiczech kwaye yanceda ekwandiseni ukusetyenziswa kwalo kuncwadi.
4. Ujosef Jungmann (1773-1847): imbongi kunye nengcali yeelwimi, Ujosef Jungmann waba negalelo ekwakheni ulwimi lwesiczech. Ubizwa ngokuba ukwazisa amagama amaninzi avela kwezinye iilwimi, njengesijamani, isitaliyane nesifrentshi, ngesiczech, kwaye wanceda ukuseka ulwimi lwesiczech njengolwimi loncwadi.
5. Prokop Diviš (1719-1765): i-linguist kunye ne-polyglot, Iprokop Diviš ithathwa njengenye yookhokho beelwimi zaseczech. Wabhala ngokubanzi kwiilwimi zokuthelekisa, igrama, kunye ne-phonology, kwaye uncedwa ekuncedeni ukuguqula ulwimi lwesiczech kwaye lwenze lufaneleke ngakumbi ekubhaleni ngokusemthethweni.

Njani ulwimi lwesiczech?

Ulwimi lwesiczech lulwimi Lwasentshona Slavic, oko kuthetha ukuba lolwentsapho efanayo nezinye iilwimi Zeslavic ezifana nesipolish, islovak nesirashiya. Zineempawu ezahlukileyo ezenza ukuba zahluke kwezinye iilwimi.
Ulwimi lwesiczech lulwimi oluguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama atshintsha ifom yabo kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwabo kwisivakalisi. Ikwaqulethe i-agglutination, oko kuthetha ukuba izimaphambili kunye nezimamva zongezwa kumagama ukwenza amagama amatsha okanye ukubonisa intsingiselo. I-Czech inamatyala asixhenxe (ngokwahlukileyo kwisingesi esinezihloko ezimbini, umxholo kunye nento). Amatyala asixhenxe achaphazela izibizo, izimelabizo, izichazi kunye namanani, kwaye abonisa indima yegama kwisivakalisi.
Ekugqibeleni, isiczech lulwimi lwefonetiki, olunembalelwano phakathi kwamagama abhaliweyo nathethwayo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukufunda nokubiza, nangona ngaphandle kokuqonda intsingiselo yamagama.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesiczech ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko zegrama yesiczech kunye nokubiza amagama. Zininzi iincwadi kunye nezixhobo ezikwi-intanethi ezifumanekayo ukukunceda ufunde iziseko zolwimi.
2. Ntywila kwisigama. Funda amabinzana aphambili kunye namagama aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa ukuqala ukwakha isiseko sokuqonda.
3. Zicel ' umngeni ngezihloko ezintsonkothileyo. Pholisha ulwimi lwakho oluthethwayo nolubhaliweyo ngokuqhelisela izivakalisi ezintsonkothileyo, iifom zezenzi, kunye namaxesha ahlukeneyo.
4. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama kwaye ubukele iifilimu zangaphandle. Ukuze uphucule ukubiza kwakho kunye nokuqonda ulwimi, jonga imithombo yeendaba efana neenkqubo ZETV,izitishi zerediyo, kunye neepodcasts ukuze uve kwaye uqhelane nesiczech accent kunye nesilang.
5. Chitha ixesha kwilizwe elithetha isiczech. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzifaka ngokupheleleyo kulwimi nakwinkcubeko. Ukuba oku akunjalo, zama ukuthetha nabantu abathetha isiczech okanye usebenzisane namaqela athetha isiczech okanye uluntu.

I-Telugu lulwimi olusemthethweni lwelizwe Laseindiya iandhra Pradesh, kwaye kuthethwa zizigidi zabantu kulo Lonke Elaseindiya, kubandakanya nakwezinye iindawo Zasekarnataka, Isitamil Nadu, Kunye Nemaharashtra. Nangona kunjalo, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi, ukufumana iinguqulelo Zesitelugu kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kubantu abaninzi, ngakumbi abo bahlala phesheya.

Ngombulelo, ngoku kukho iindlela ezininzi ezinokuthenjwa zokufumana iinguqulelo eziphezulu Zesitelegram. Iinkonzo zobungcali zikho ezibonelela ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo, eziqinisekisiweyo zamaxwebhu oshishino kunye nawobuqu ukusuka kwisingesi Ukuya Kwitelugu okanye ngokuchaseneyo. Ezi nkonzo zisebenzisa abaguquleli abanamava abazizithethi zolwimi lweenkobe kwaye baqinisekisa ukuba onke amaxwebhu aguqulelweyo agcina inqanaba elifanayo lokuchaneka kunye nomgangatho njengomxholo wokuqala.

Kumashishini, ukufumana uguqulelo Oluchanekileyo lwetelugu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yempumelelo yamanye amazwe. Kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba amaxwebhu abo aguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuze bafikelele kubathengi abanokubakho kunye namaqabane elizweni. Iinguqulelo ezichanileyo aziyi kubanceda nje ukuba bandise ngempumelelo ukufikelela kwiimarike zabo, kodwa ziya kunceda ukuphepha ukungaqondani okunokukhokelela kwiimpazamo ezibiza kakhulu.

Xa kuziwa kubantu abafuna ukufumana amaxwebhu abo obuqu aguqulelwe, iinguqulelo Zesitelegram zibalulekile. Oku kunokuba kubaluleke ngakumbi kubantu abafuna ukufaka isicelo se-visa, ubumi, imisebenzi, okanye naluphi na olunye uhlobo loxwebhu olufuna ukuchaneka ngokusemthethweni.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni isizathu, iinguqulelo Ze-Telegram kufuneka zibe yinto ephambili. Ngokukhetha iinkonzo zobungcali eziqesha abaguquleli besithethi somthonyama, amashishini kunye nabantu ngokufanayo banokuqinisekisa ukuba amaxwebhu abo achanekile kwaye aguqulelwe ngobuchule ngalo lonke ixesha.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwesitelugu?

Isitelugu sithethwa ikakhulu Eindiya, apho lulwimi olusemthethweni kumazwe Eandhra Pradesh, Itelangana Neyanam. Ikwathethwa ngabantu abambalwa abambalwa kumazwe angabamelwane Basekarnataka, Etamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh Kunye Ne-Odisha, kwaye kuthethwa ngobuninzi kwilizwe Lasepuducherry, eyintsimi yomanyano Yaseindiya.

Yintoni imbali Yolwimi Lwetelegram?

Ulwimi Lwesitelugu lwaqala ukuvela kwimisebenzi yokubhala esekelwe Kwisisanskrit yekhulu le-10 kwaye sele iguqukile Ukusuka Kwitelugu Endala, Ukuya Kwitelugu Ephakathi kunye nolwimi lwesitelugu lwangoku. Imibhalo yokuqala eyaziwayo Kwisitelugu yabuyela kwikhulu le-5 AD kwaye yafunyanwa Kwi-Asrama imiqolomba yesithili Sase-Anantapur E-Andhra Pradesh. Olu lwimi lwalusetyenziselwa iirekhodi zomthetho nezorhwebo ngeli xesha.
Ngexesha eliphakathi, Utelugu wayephenjelelwa kakhulu ngamasanskrit Kunye Namaprakrit kunye neembongi zeli xesha zabhala ngothando lwabo ngolwimi. Imizekelo yale misebenzi iquka I-Mahabharatam Yasenannayya, I-Palkuriki Somana Yasebasava Puranam, Kunye Ne-Tikkanna Yaserukmangada Charitra.
Ukutyhubela inkulungwane ye-17 neye-18, uncwadi Lwesitelugu lwachuma, kunye nababhali abanjengobhimi Reddi, Pingali Surana, Atukuri Molla, Chinnayasoori, Paravastu Chinnayya Sori, Nokandukuri Veeresalingam Pantulu bonke besenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kulwimi noncwadi lwalo. Ngomnyaka we-1875, Iyunivesithi Yasemadras yaqala ukufundisa Iincwadi Zesitelugu, okwenza iyunivesithi yokuqala Yaseindiya ukwenza njalo.
Namhlanje, Itelugu lolona lwimi luthethwayo Kwaye lolunye lweelwimi ezisemthethweni Zaseindiya. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwilizwe Lase-Andhra Pradesh nakwimimandla ekumda Wasekarnataka, Etamil Nadu Nase-Orissa, nakwezinye iindawo Zasemaharashtra, Echhattisgarh Nasejharkhand.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu Kulwimi Lwesitelugu?

1. I-Vemana: I-vemana yimbongi Eyaziwayo Yasetelugu, i-mystic kunye nefilosofi. Uyaziwa kakhulu ngemibongo yakhe enobubele kunye nengqiqo, ebonisa iimfundiso Ze-Advaita Vedanta. Wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kwinkcubeko kunye noncwadi Lwetelugu.
2. Unannayya: Unannayya ngumfundi Wesisanskrit, igrama kunye nomlobi owayephila ngekhulu le-11. Uthathwa njengoyise woncwadi Lwesitelegram njengoko kukholeleka ukuba ubhale imizekelo yokuqala yoncwadi Lwesitelegram.
3. Unkulunkulu uqobo lwakhe, oyingqayizivele i izwi lamashumi amane nanye unkulunkulu uqobo lwakhe, oyingqayizivele i izwi lamashumi amane nanye Kubikwa ngokubhala Imahabharata Etelugu, eyaziwa ngokuthi 'Tikkana Mahabharatamu'. Kwakhona wabhala amagqabantshintshi Nge-Bhagavad Gita,Bhagavata Purana, Kunye Ne-Upanishads.
4. U-Annamacharya: U-Annamacharya uyimbongi ephefumlelweyo kunye nengcwele eyayiphila ngekhulu le-15. Waqamba iingoma ezingaphezu kwe-32 000 ngokudumisa Inkosi Ivenkateswara Etirupati, eyaziwa ngokudibeneyo njenge 'Sri Annamacharya Sankirtanas'. Ezi ngoma zisaculwa kwiitempile kumazantsi Eindiya namhlanje.
5. Uc. P. Brown: Ucharles Philip Brown wayengumfundi Wasebrithani Kunye ne-philologist owayesebenza kakhulu Ngolwimi Lwesitelugu. Waqulunqa isichazi-magama sokuqala Sesitelugu kwaye waguqulela imisebenzi emininzi yeklasikhi ukusuka Kwisisanskrit Ukuya Kwisitelugu. Igalelo lakhe elixabisekileyo Kulwimi Lwesitelugu noncwadi lukhunjulwa nanamhlanje.

Njani ulwimi Lwesitelegram?

I-Telugu lulwimi oluguqukayo, oluthetha ukuba amagama ayenziwa ngokongeza izimamva kwisiseko okanye ifom yengcambu. Umzekelo, igama elithi "inja" ngu "kukka" kwaye igama elithi "izinja" ngu " kukkala.""Isakhiwo silumkile, I-Telugu ine-vso (Isenzi-Isihloko-Into) umyalelo wegama, kwaye isebenzisa isini kunye nokuhlukana kwetyala. Inamatyala amathathu aphambili: ngqo, oblique, kunye nendawo. Ukongezelela, inezenzi ezine kunye nenkqubo entsonkothileyo yokuhlonipha.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesitelugu ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thatha ikhosi yolwimi Lwesitelegram: kukho inani lezifundo ezikwi-intanethi nezisemntwini ezikhoyo ukukunceda ufunde Isitelegram. Bhalisa ukuze ufumane intshayelelo ebanzi kulwimi, eya kukumisela impumelelo.
2. Phanda I-telegram: kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela ulwimi olusebenza ngayo kwimeko yokuncokola. Qala ngokumamela izithethi zomthonyama Zetelugu kwaye uziqhelanise nokuphindaphinda amabinzana emva kwabo.
3. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ukuziqhelanisa negrama: Nje Ukuba ube nenqanaba elisisiseko lokuncokola Ngesitelegu, qala ujonge imiba entsonkothileyo yolwimi, njengokuqina kwesenzi kunye nolwakhiwo lwesivakalisi. Ukufunda iincwadi, amaphephandaba kunye namanqaku Etelugu yindlela enhle yokusebenzisa izakhono zakho zegrama.
4. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ze-intanethi: iiwebhusayithi Ezininzi zibonelela ngemisebenzi yokufunda kunye nolwazi malunga nolwimi Lwesitelugu kunye nenkcubeko. Jonga iiforamu Zolwimi Lwesitelugu ukuze udibane nabanye abafundi, fumana amaqabane okufunda, kwaye ubuze imibuzo.
5. Zibhaptize kwinkcubeko: indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda naluphi na ulwimi kukuntywila kwinkcubeko. Mamela Umculo Wesitelugu, ubukele iimuvi, uye kwiminyhadala kunye neminyhadala, kwaye wenze abahlobo nabantu abathetha Isitelugu ukuba batyibilike kulwimi.