Isiphuthukezi Chuvashname Guqulela

Isiphuthukezi lulwimi Oluthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-250 emhlabeni jikelele. Lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwaseportugal, Ibrazil, Iangola, Imozambique, Icape Verde kunye namanye amazwe kunye nemimandla.

Kumashishini kunye nabantu abafuna ukwenza amaxwebhu okanye iiwebhusayithi ezinokuqondwa zizithethi zaseportugal, inguqulelo yesiphuthukezi inokuba yinto ebalulekileyo. Abaguquleli besiphuthukezi abaqeqeshiweyo kufuneka babe nokuqonda okugqwesileyo kokubini isingesi nesiphuthukezi ukuze bavelise iinguqulelo ezichanekileyo.

Ukongeza ekubeni ziilwimi ezimbini, abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo besiphuthukezi kufuneka babe nokuqonda okucokisekileyo kwenkcubeko yesiphuthukezi, isilangi kunye neziyelelane. Oku kuya kubanceda ukuba baqinisekise ukuba iinguqulelo zichanile, zingokwemvelo yaye zingaqondwa kakuhle ngokwenkcubeko. Umguquleli kufuneka aqhelane nesigama esisetyenziswa kwicandelo labo elithile.

Xa uqesha umguquleli wesiphuthukezi, kubalulekile ukucela izikhombisi kunye neesampuli zomsebenzi wabo. Qiniseka ukuba ujonge imiqondiso yemveliso esemgangathweni efana negrama echanekileyo, igrama kunye ne-syntax, ukuchaneka kwintsingiselo kunye nethoni, kunye nokufaneleka kwenkcubeko.

Ukuze ukwazi ukuguqulela nayiphi na indlela, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa inkqubo yokuguqulela ethembekileyo. Oku kuvumela abaphathi beprojekthi ukuba babele imisebenzi kubaguquleli abohlukeneyo, balandele inkqubela phambili kwaye bagcine ukungaguquguquki kuwo onke amaxwebhu aguqulelweyo. Izixhobo zokuqinisekisa umgangatho woguqulelo oluzenzekelayo zikwanceda ukuphonononga kunye nokujonga iinguqulelo ngokuchaneka, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zimpazamo zenziweyo.

Ngokusebenzisa imithombo enje ngeelwimi ezithembekileyo, abaguquleli abanamava kunye nezisombululo zokuqinisekisa umgangatho ozenzekelayo, iinkampani kunye nabantu banokuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo zesiphuthukezi abazivelisayo zichanekile, zihambelana kwaye zikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isiphuthukezi?

Ulwimi lwesiphuthukezi luthethwa Eportugal, Angola, Mozambique, Brazil, Cape Verde, East Timor, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Macau (China), Nesão Tomé Nepríncipe.

Yintoni imbali yesiphuthukezi?

Ulwimi lwaseportugal lolunye lweelwimi Zothando kwaye imvelaphi yalo ibuyela kumaxesha Aphakathi okuqala, emva kokuwa Kobukhosi Baseroma. Kucingelwa ukuba yavela kwisilatini Esivulekileyo, nangona yaqala ukubhalwa ngohlobo Lwasegalician-isiphuthukezi, ulwimi Lothando lwamaxesha aphakathi oluthethwa kwiindawo zangoku zasemantla Eportugal Nasegalicia kumantla Ntshona Espeyin.
Ngenxa yokusekwa Kobukumkani baseportugal ngo-1139 kunye Nokubuyiselwa Kobukristu Okulandelayo Kwepeninsula Yase-Iberia, igalician-Portuguese yanwenwela ngokuthe ngcembe emazantsi usingasiqithi kwaye yafumana impembelelo kwingingqi yento namhlanje eyaziwa Ngokuba Yiportugal. Ebudeni benkulungwane ye-16, isiphuthukezi saba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lobukhosi bamaphuthukezi, olwalufikelela kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Oku kwakhokelela ekusekweni kwesiphuthukezi Ebrazil, iikholoni Zaseafrika, Empuma Timor, Macau, Empuma Afrika Naseindiya.
Namhlanje, isiphuthukezi lulwimi lweenkobe lwabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-230, isenza ulwimi lwesibhozo oluthethwa kakhulu kwihlabathi. Ulwimi olusemthethweni lwamazwe alithoba, Kubandakanya Ibrazil Neportugal.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesiphuthukezi?

1. Uluís de Cameles (1524 - 1580) - egqalwa njengeyona mbongi inkulu Yaseportugal, wabhala umsebenzi wobugcisa os Lusíadas, unanamhla oyinxalenye yoncwadi nenkcubeko yesiphuthukezi.
2. Ujoão De Barros (1496 - 1570 – - umsebenzi Wakhe Udécadas Daásia nenguqulelo Yakhe Kahomer'S Odyssey ziimpawu eziphambili zolwimi lwesiphuthukezi.
3. António Vieira (1608 - 1697) - umshumayeli, unozakuzaku, isithethi kunye nombhali, imisebenzi yakhe inegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesiphuthukezi kunye nenkcubeko.
4. Ugil Vicente (1465 - 1537 – - owayegqalwa njengoyise womdlalo weqonga waseportugal, imidlalo yakhe yaguqula olo lwimi yaza yavula indlela yoncwadi lwangoku lwesiphuthukezi.
5. Ufernando Pessoa – 1888 - 1935)-imbongi enempembelelo yesiphuthukezi yenkulungwane yama-20 nenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zoncwadi ngalo lonke ixesha. Izibongo zakhe kunye neprose zihlala zingahambelani nokuqonda kwabo kunye nobunzulu.

Uluphi ulwimi lwesiputukezi?

Ubume bolwimi lwesiphuthukezi buthe ngqo. Ilandela umyalelo wegama Lesihloko-Isenzi-Into (SVO) kwaye isebenzisa inkqubo elula elula yesenzi kunye nokuchasana kwesibizo. Lulwimi oluchaphazelekileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba izibizo, izichazi, amanqaku, kunye nezimelabizo zitshintsha ifom ngokuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwazo kwisivakalisi. Isiphuthukezi sinenkqubo entsonkothileyo yeemvakalelo neemvakalelo zokuchaza iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zexesha. Ukongezelela, ulwimi luqulethe iipateni ezicacileyo kakhulu eziboleka i-flavour ekhethekileyo.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesiphuthukezi ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana ikhosi elungileyo yolwimi lwesiphuthukezi: Khangela izifundo ezifundiswe ngootitshala abanamava, abaqeqeshiweyo ukuze ufumane okuninzi kumava akho okufunda.
2. Fumana izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi: Sebenzisa izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi ezinje ngeevidiyo Zeyoutube, iipodcasts, kunye neewebhusayithi ukukunceda ufunde isiphuthukezi.
3. Ukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha: Ziqhelanise nokuthetha isiphuthukezi kunye nezithethi zomthonyama ukuphucula ukubizwa kwakho kunye nokuqonda ulwimi.
4. Thatha izifundo kunye nesithethi somthonyama: Qesha utitshala womthonyama waseportugal ukukunceda ufunde isiphuthukezi ngokukhawuleza.
5. Zibhaptize kwinkcubeko yesiphuthukezi: Ndwendwela amazwe athetha isiphuthukezi, ufunde iincwadi zesiphuthukezi kunye neemagazini, ubukele iimovie ngesiphuthukezi, kwaye uye kwiminyhadala yentlalo ukuze uphuhlise ngakumbi ukuqonda kwakho ulwimi.
6. Funda rhoqo: Bekela bucala ixesha lokufunda isiphuthukezi rhoqo kwaye unamathele kwishedyuli yokuhlala ukhuthazekile kwaye wenze inkqubela.

Inguqulelo yesichuvash, ekwabizwa ngokuba yinguqulelo Yesichuvash, yindlela ekhethekileyo yokuguqulela esetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana ngolwimi Lwesichuvash. Ulwimi luvela kubantu Basechuvash, abahlala kwiindawo Zaserashiya Naseukraine. Yenye yeelwimi Zaseturkey kwaye inezithethi ezingaphezu kwesigidi, isenza ulwimi olubalulekileyo ukuguqulela.

Ukuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo ukusuka okanye Ukuya Kwi-Chuvash, kubalulekile ukuqonda iindlela ezintsonkothileyo zokuguqulela. Kungenxa yokuba i-chuvash alphabet yahlukile kwi-Latin alphabet, esetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiilwimi Zaseyurophu. Ngenxa yoko, amagama aqukethe iileta Zesicyrillic Ezifana No-A, B, C, Kufuneka aguqulelwe kwisilatini esilinganayo ukuze aqondwe ngumfundi.

Inkqubo yokuguqulela Kwichuvash ibandakanya amanyathelo aliqela. Okokuqala, umguquleli kufuneka aqonde kakuhle iilwimi ezithethwa ngabantu. Kufuneka baqonde isakhiwo sesivakalisi, intsingiselo, kunye nokubiza ulwimi lomthombo. Emva koko kufuneka bakwazi ukuhambisa ngokufanelekileyo kulwimi olujoliswe kuyo, ngokuqwalasela imigaqo yegrama kunye nesakhiwo sesivakalisi solwimi olujoliswe kuyo.

Nje ukuba uguqulelo lugqityiwe, umguquleli kufuneka athelekise ngononophelo isicatshulwa santlandlolo nenguqulelo eguqulelweyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo luchanekile kwaye luhambisa ngokufanelekileyo umyalezo ocetywayo. Kwakhona luxanduva lomguquleli ukwenza uhlolo olongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba naziphi na iimbekiselo zenkcubeko kunye namagama esigama aguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo.

Kulabo bafuna ukufunda Ichuvash, kukho iikhosi ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi nakwiiyunivesithi. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukufunda ulwimi akusayi kunika ulwazi olunzulu malunga nokuguqulelwa Kwechuvash. Ukutolikwa kwephupha kungenziwa kuphela ngeminyaka yokutolikwa kwephupha kunye nokutolikwa kwamaphupha.

Ngokubanzi, i-chuvash translation sisakhono esibalulekileyo sokuqonda ukuba unqwenela ukunxibelelana nabantu basechuvash. Ngendlela efanelekileyo kunye nolwazi, kunokuba ngamava achitha ixesha kodwa anomvuzo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi Lwesichuvash?

Ulwimi Lwesichuvash luthethwa ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yaserussia, nakwimimandla Yasemari El, Etatarstan Naseudmurtia Erashiya, nasekazakhstan Naseukraine.

Yintoni imbali yechuvash language?

Ulwimi Lwesichuvash lulwimi Lwaseturkey oluthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-1.5 kwirussia Federation. Nguye kuphela ilungu lesebe Le-Oghur Leelwimi Zaseturkey. Olu lwimi lwaluthethwa ngokwembali ikakhulu kwimimandla ngoku eyaziwa Njengeriphabhlikhi Yasechuvashia, ekummandla Wevolga yaserussia.
Imbali ebhaliweyo yolwimi Lwechuvash inokulandelwa emva kwinkulungwane ye-13 kunye neerekhodi zokuqala ezibhaliweyo ezifumaneka kwimibhalo-ngqangi ukusuka kwinkulungwane ye-14 neye-15. Uninzi lwale mibhalo-ngqangi lubonisa ukuba ulwimi luye lwenziwa utshintsho olukhulu ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngenkulungwane ye-15, ulwimi Lwesichuvash lwaphenjelelwa kakhulu lulwimi lwesitatar olwaluselumelwaneni lwehorde Yegolide yaye lwabhalwa kwialfabhethi yakudala yesitatar.
Ngenkulungwane ye-18, i-Chuvash alphabet yadalwa ngumphengululi waserussia, Usemyon Remezov, owasekela kwi-alphabet yesicyrillic. Olu luhlu lutsha lwealfabhethi lwalusetyenziselwa ukwenza iincwadi zokuqala Eziprintiweyo Zechuvash ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, ulwimi Lwesichuvash lwabonwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni Lobukhosi baserussia kwaye eminye imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yoncwadi yaveliswa ngeli xesha.
Ulwimi Lwesichuvash luyaqhubeka nokuthethwa kule mihla kwaye lufundiswa kwezinye izikolo Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasechuvashia. Kukwakho nemizamo esebenzayo eyenziwayo yokugcina nokukhuthaza ulwimi erashiya nakwamanye amazwe.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesichuvash?

1. Umikhail Vasilevich Yakovlev-ingcali yeelwimi kunye nonjingalwazi Kwiyunivesithi Yasechuvash State Pedagogical, ophuhlise igrama yokuqala ebanzi yolwimi.
2. Uyakov Kostyukov-ingcali yeelwimi kunye nonjingalwazi Kwiyunivesithi Yasechuvash State Pedagogical, onegalelo ekuphuculeni ulwimi ngokuhlela nokupapasha imisebenzi emininzi.
3. Unikolay Ziberov - igalelo elikhulu ekuqalisweni kweskripthi sesilatini solwimi Lwechuvash.
4. Uvasily Peskov-utitshala, owadala incwadi yokuqala yesikolo solwimi Lwesichuvash ngowe-1904.
5. U-Oleg Bessonov-umntu onempembelelo ekuphuhlisweni kwechuvash yesimanje, owayesebenza ukumanyanisa iilwimi ezahlukeneyo zolwimi.

Njani ulwimi Chuvash?

Ulwimi Lwasechuvash lolwentsapho Yaseturkey yeelwimi. Lulwimi oluguqukayo, oluthetha ukuba amagama ayenziwa ngokongeza uthotho lwezimaphambili kunye nezimamva kwigama elingcambu. Umyalelo wegama ngokuqhelekileyo umxholo-isenzi-isenzi, kunye ne-free word order ngaphakathi kwezivakalisi. Izibizo zahlulwe zaba ngamadoda amabini kwaye zithathe izimamva ezisekwe kwiklasi ukubonisa inani, ityala, kunye nenkcazo. Izenzi ziyavumelana nomxholo wesivakalisi kwaye zidibanise ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha kunye nomba.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lwechuvash ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko zolwimi, ezinjengoonobumba, ukubizwa kwamagama, kunye negrama esisiseko. Kukho izibonelelo ezininzi ezikwi-intanethi, ezinje Chuvash.org okanye Chuvash.eu oku kunokukunceda kule nto.
2. Sebenzisa ukurekhodwa kwesithethi somthonyama kunye nezivakalisi zesampulu ukwakha ngokukhawuleza isiseko samagama okuncokola kunye namabinzana. Mamela iinkqubo zikanomathotholo kwaye ubukele iimovie kunye neenkqubo zikamabonwakude Echuvash. Zibhaptize ngolwimi ukuze ube nokutyibilika ngakumbi kwaye ukhululeke kunye nalo.
3. Ziqhelanise noko ukufundileyo kunye nezithethi zomthonyama, nokuba ngokobuqu okanye ngeeforamu ezikwi-intanethi. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba ukhethe izinto zasekuhlaleni kwaye ufumane ukuqonda kwinkcubeko.
4. Funda iincwadi kunye namaphephandaba Echuvash ukuphucula isigama sakho kunye negrama. Okukhona ufunda, kokukhona uya kuba nokuqonda okungcono kunye negrama.
5. Okokugqibela, yongeza ukufunda kwakho ngemisebenzi efana nokubhala E-Chuvash, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiiforamu ze-chuvash kwi-intanethi kunye nokufunda iimviwo. Oku kuya kukunceda uqine ulwimi lwakho.