O. s. Isiromania Guqulela

Itajik, okanye Itajik, lulwimi oluthethwa Kumbindi Asia Nakumbindi Mpuma. Ulwimi Lwase-Indo-Iran, olunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nesipersi kodwa kunye neempawu zayo ezahlukileyo. Etajikistan, lulwimi olusemthethweni, kwaye ikwathethwa ngabancinci Ekazakhstan, Euzbekistan, Eafghanistan Naserussia. Ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo, kukho imfuno eyandayo yokuguqulela ukusuka nasetajik.

Inguqulelo yetajik yinkonzo ebalulekileyo kumashishini nakubantu ngabanye. Kumashishini, iinkonzo zokuguqulela etajik zibonelela ngokufikelela kwiimarike ezintsha, zivumela iinkampani ukuba zinxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo nabanye kwicandelo labo. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwabo benza urhwebo lwamanye amazwe kunye norhwebo. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zinokusetyenziselwa ukuququzelela unxibelelwano phakathi kwamasebe karhulumente, ukunceda imibutho yoluntu kunye nemibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente ukuba ihlale iphendula kwaye isebenza.

Abantu kusenokufuneka basebenzise iinkonzo zomguquleli xa befaka isicelo somsebenzi okanye xa befuna uncedo lwezonyango. Amashishini abandakanyeka kwintengiso ye-intanethi anokufumana kuluncedo ukusebenzisa iinguqulelo zomxholo wewebhusayithi kunye nezinto zokwazisa etajik.

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iinkonzo zobungcali xa kuguqulelwa phakathi kwazo naziphi na iilwimi ezimbini. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo banobuchule kwiilwimi ezininzi kwaye baqonda izinto zolwimi ngalunye. Baqinisekisa ukuchaneka, ukucaca nokufundeka kwiinguqulelo zabo. Umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo naye uqhubeka enolwazi lwaso nasiphi na isigama esitshintshayo, esibalulekileyo ekuchanekeni.

Abaguquleli abaqinisekisiweyo baxabiseke kakhulu kwiindibaniselwano zolwimi ezingenayo imigangatho ephucukileyo. Bangakwazi ukuguqulela amaxwebhu ngokuchanekileyo nangendlela eya kwamkelwa ngabafuduki kunye nezinye iinkonzo zikarhulumente. Iinguqulelo eziqinisekisiweyo zihlala zifuneka kwizicelo kwiiyunivesithi kunye neenjongo zokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe.

Ukuba ufuna iinkonzo zokuguqulela itajik, kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe umboneleli onokuthenjwa, oqeqeshiweyo. Khetha umguquleli onamava kwicandelo lakho kwaye unokuhambisa ngexesha. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqwalasele umgangatho womsebenzi wabo, njengoko iinguqulelo ezininzi zineempazamo. Uphando olunzulu kunye nophononongo lwabathengi lunokukunceda ufumane umguquleli onokumthemba.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwesitajik?

Ulwimi lwesitajik ikakhulu luthethwa Etajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan nasekyrgyzstan. Ikwathethwa ngabantu abancinci Erashiya, Eturkey, Epakistan, Eiran, nakwamanye amazwe awayesakuba Yisoviet republics.

Yintoni imbali yolwimi lwesitajik?

I-Tajik yinguqulelo yanamhlanje yolwimi lwesipersi oluthethwa E-Iran Nase-Afghanistan. Ikakhulu yindibaniselwano yeelwimi ezivela kulwimi lwasepersi kunye nolwangaphambili, Umpersi Ophakathi (okwabizwa Ngokuba Ngupahlavi). Kuye kwachaphazeleka kakhulu kwezinye iilwimi, kubandakanya isirashiya, isingesi, Isimandarin, Isihindi, isiuzbek, isiturkmen kunye nabanye. Ulwimi lwangoku lwesitajik lwaqala ukusekwa ngexesha le-8th century AD, xa izizwe zasempuma Ze-Iranian, ezazize kummandla emva Kokunqoba Kwe-Arabhu Yasepersia, zamkela ulwimi kwaye zaqala ukulusebenzisa kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Ngenkulungwane ye-9, isixeko Sasebukhara saba likomkhulu lobukhosi bamasamanid, obabuyindawo yokuqala yokuthetha amapersi Kumbindi Weasia. Ngeli xesha, inkcubeko kunye noncwadi lwachuma kuloo ndawo, kwaye ulwimi oluthethwayo lwalo mmandla ngokuthe ngcembe lwavela kwinto esiyaziyo ngoku njengetajik.
Ngekhulu lama-20, ulwimi lwesitajik lwaqulunqwa ngokusemthethweni kwaye lufakwe kwiikharityhulam zezikolo. Ukusukela ngoko, iye yaba lulwimi olubalulekileyo Kumbindi Asia. Ulwimi luye lwavela, kwaye amagama amatsha afakiwe kwisigama kule minyaka idlulileyo. Namhlanje, itajik lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasetajikistan kwaye kuthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezisi-7, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwelizwe.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesitajik?

1. Abdulmejid Dzhuraev-umphengululi, umbhali kunye unjingalwazi ulwimi Tajik owaba negalelo standardization yayo mihla.
2. Umirzo Tursunzoda-imbongi eyaziwayo, ezopolitiko kunye nombhali wasetajikistan owaziwayo ngendima yakhe ekudumiseni ulwimi lwesitajik kunye noncwadi.
3. I-Sadriddin Aini-umbhali odumileyo wasetajik onemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yelifa lemveli letajik.
4. Uakhmadjon Mahmudov-umbhali, ingcali yeelwimi, nomphengululi owayencedisa ekumiseleni iindibano zokubhala zale mihla zesitajik.
5. Umuhammadjon Sharipov - imbongi kunye nomlobi wezincoko oncedise ekubumbeni ulwimi lwesitajik ngemisebenzi yakhe.

Uluphi ulwimi lwetajik?

Ulwimi lwesitajik lolwesebe lase-Iranian losapho Lwe-Indo-European. Isakhiwo sayo esisisiseko sinamacandelo amabini: ulwimi lwakudala Lwase-Iranian, olubonakaliswa yinkqubo yesini esithathu, kunye neelwimi Zaseasia, ezibonakaliswa yinkqubo yesini esibini. Ukongeza, ulwimi luquka iziqalelo zesiarabhu,isipersi, kunye nezinye iilwimi, ezibonisa iyantlukwano yenkcubeko. Ulwimi lwetajik lunesakhiwo sokuhlalutya, esithetha ukuba sixhomekeke ngakumbi kulandelelwano lwegama kunye nezixhobo ezihambelanayo ezinjengeziphelo zecala kune-morphology ye-infectional. Umyalelo wegama ubaluleke kakhulu kwi-Tajik; izivakalisi ziqala ngesihloko kwaye ziphele ngesivisa.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesitajik ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufumana incwadi elungileyo yolwimi lwetajik okanye ikhosi ekwi-intanethi. Qiniseka ukuba igubungela igrama, ukufunda, ukubhala, ukuthetha kunye nokumamela.
2. Fumana ukurekhodwa kwevidiyo kwi-taiwan kwaye ubukele iividiyo kwi-taiwan. Qiniseka ukuba ugxininise ekubizeni kwaye uzame ukuxelisa.
3. Qala ukufunda iitekisi ezilula etajik. Zama ukuqikelela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga kwaye ujonge ukubizwa kwamagama kunye neenkcazo zala magama.
4. Ziqhelise ukuthetha Tajik kunye izithethi zomthonyama. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokutshintshiselana ngewebhusayithi ezifana Ne-Italki okanye I-Exchange Exchange. Unokujoyina iklabhu yolwimi lwetajik okanye ikhosi.
5. Practice ukubhala Tajik usebenzisa izixhobo online ezifana translate Okanye Google Translate.
6. Okokugqibela, zibekele usukelo oluthe rhoqo ukuze ugcine inkuthazo yakho iphezulu kwaye ulandele inkqubela yakho.

Iromania lilizwe elihle Empuma Yurophu elinolwimi lwalo olwahlukileyo. Ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwesiromania sisiromania, kwaye lulwimi Lwaseromania olunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nesitaliyane, isifrentshi, ispanish kunye Nesiphuthukezi. Oku kukhokelele kwinkcubeko etyebileyo kunye nelifa leelwimi ezahlukeneyo.

Kubantu abangazi kakuhle isirashiya, ukuguqulela kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima. Kufuneka ulwazi ulwimi nenkcubeko Romania ukudala uguqulelo oluchanileyo. Ukuguqulela ukusuka kwisiromania ukuya kolunye ulwimi kunokuba ngumceli mngeni omkhulu, ngenxa yobunzima bamagama amaninzi kunye noluhlu olukhulu lweelwimi zommandla ezixhaphakileyo kweli lizwe.

Xa kuziwa kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela, iinkampani zokuguqulela zobungcali kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwiziphumo ezilungileyo. Abaguquleli abanamava baya kuthatha ixesha elifanelekileyo ukuqonda ngokufanelekileyo umongo kunye nemiba yombhalo womthombo ngaphambi kokubonelela ngenguqulelo ebonakalisa ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yayo. Ukongeza, ezi ngcali ziya kuqonda igrama kunye nezandi zolwimi lwesiromania ukuze zibonelele ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo.

Xa kuguqulelwa amaxwebhu, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela uhlobo lwabaphulaphuli olujoliswe kulo. Umzekelo, ukuguqulela uxwebhu olubhekiselele kubaphulaphuli bezoshishino kuya kufuna ukusetyenziswa kolwimi olusemthethweni kunoxwebhu olubhekiselele kubaphulaphuli ngokubanzi.

Ukongezelela ekukhetheni umguquleli ofanelekileyo, kubalulekile ukulandela iindibano zolwimi lwesiromania. Ezi ndibano zimisela umyalelo ofanelekileyo wegama, iziphumlisi, isakhiwo sesigwebo kunye ne-capitalisation, kunye nokusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kwee-accents kunye namanqaku okudidiyela.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuguqulela kwisiromania kubandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba nayiphi na imigaqo ethile yenkcubeko kunye namabinzana aguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukwazi amasiko asekuhlaleni kunye nokuqonda inkcubeko Yaseromania kubalulekile ekudaleni uguqulelo oluyimpumelelo.

Ngokuthathela ingqalelo zonke ezi zinto, amashishini kunye nabantu abafuna ukuguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo kwamaxwebhu ukusuka kwisiromania ukuya kolunye ulwimi banokuqiniseka ukuba iinguqulelo zabo ziya kuba nentsingiselo kwaye zichaneke.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isiromania?

Isiromania sithethwa ubukhulu becala Eromania Nakwiriphabliki Yasemoldova, nakwiindawo Ezithile Zasealbania, Ebulgaria, Ehungary, Eserbia Naseukraine. Ikwayilwimi olusemthethweni kumazwe aliqela nakwimimandla, kubandakanya Iphondo Elizimeleyo Lasevojvodina( Eserbia), Iriphabhlikhi engaziwayo Yasetransnistria (Imoldova), kunye nommandla weentaba ezizimeleyo wasegagauzia (Emoldova).

Yintoni isiromanian ulwimi?

Imbali yolwimi lwesiromania ibuyela Kubukhosi Baseroma xa iromania yanamhlanje yayiyinxalenye yephondo Laseroma Lasedacia. Njengoko isilatini yayilulwimi olusemthethweni Lobukhosi Baseroma, yayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuloo ndawo, kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha yaguquka yaba sisiromania. Kwiinkulungwane ezalandelayo, olu lwimi lwaphenjelelwa kakhulu ziilwimi Zeslavic nesigrike, nezinye iilwimi Zothando. Emva kweenkulungwane zempembelelo enamandla evela kwiilwimi zesilatini nesislavic, ekugqibeleni isiromania saphuhlisa iimpawu zayo ezizodwa kunye neempawu. Namhlanje, isiromania yenye yeelwimi ezintlanu ezisemthethweni zothando, kunye nespanish, isifrentshi, isitaliyane nesiphuthukezi.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesiromania?

1. U-Emil Gârleanu - omnye wababhali abakhulu baseromania bexesha langoku. 2. Uconstantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea-umsoshiyali waseromania, umgxeki weelwimi kunye noncwadi. 3. Ion Luca Caragiale-umculi omkhulu waseromania kunye nomlobi wamabali amafutshane. 4. Umihai Eminescu-uthathwa njengeyona mbongi yaseromania inempembelelo kwaye ithandwa. 5. Ioan Slavici-inoveli yaseromania eprolific, umbhali wamabali amafutshane kunye nentatheli.

Luluphi ulwimi oluthethwa ngesiromania?

Ubume bolwimi lwesiromania bufana nezinye iilwimi Zothando, kunye ne-syntax eguqukayo kwaye ihlala iyinkimbinkimbi. Inomyalelo wegama Lesihloko-Isenzi-Into, kunye nokwahluka okuthile kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwegatya okanye ibinzana elisetyenzisiweyo. Ikwaquka ukudityaniswa kwesenzi, ukubizwa kwesibizo, kunye nezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo kwiilwimi zothando.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwaseromania ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko. Fumana amagama ahamba kunye roman. Funda amagama asisiseko kunye namabinzana, ukuze ube nencoko esisiseko ngolwimi.
2. Fumana ukuhambelana robin kunye babu. Mamela umculo waseromania, ubukele iimuvi zaseromania kunye nemiboniso kamabonwakude, kwaye ufunde amaphephandaba aseromania. Oku kuya kukunceda ufunde ulwimi ngokukhawuleza.
3. Thatha iklasi ulwimi Romanian. Ukuthatha iklasi yindlela enhle yokufunda naluphi na ulwimi, njengoko inika isakhiwo kunye nesikhokelo esingazifundisiyo.
4. Thetha isiromania yonke imihla. Thetha nezithethi zomthonyama, ufunde iincwadi ngokuvakalayo, kwaye uziqhelanise nokuncokola nawe.
5. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ezikwi-intanethi. Zininzi iiwebhusayithi kunye neeapps ezikhoyo zokufunda ulwimi lwaseromania. Zisebenzise ukwandisa isigama sakho, sebenzisa igrama, kwaye usebenze kwisibizo sakho.