Isirashiya Isi-turkey Humusha

Isirashiya siwulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi olunohlelo lolimi oluyingqayizivele nesakhiwo salo. Luwulimi olusemthethweni Erussia nasecommonwealth of Independent States (cis), inhlangano yesifunda yamazwe ayengaphansi Kwesoviet. Isirashiya sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-180 emhlabeni wonke futhi singesinye sezilimi ezingu-10 ezikhulunywa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Futhi kubhekwa njengolimi oluvamile ezweni elaliyisoviet Union, ngenxa yokubaluleka kwalo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nezokuxhumana, ukuhweba, nobuchwepheshe.

Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi nokubaluleka kwayo enkundleni yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuhumusha isirashiya nokubuya kuso kuyikhono elibalulekile. Kudinga ukudlulisela ngokunembile incazelo yokuqala kuyilapho kucatshangelwa ama-nuances amasiko nokuqinisekisa ukunemba kokuqukethwe. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo nesidingo sokuqonda ulimi ngokujulile, kudingeka umhumushi onolwazi ukuze kuhunyushwe izinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

Ukuhunyushwa kwesirashiya kuvame ukudingeka emisebenzini emikhulu yebhizinisi efana nezingxoxo zomthetho, imibhalo ehlobene nezimali, nezinto zokumaketha. Izinkampani Ezisebenza Erussia noma kwamanye amazwe E-cis zidinga ukuhumusha okunembile ukuze zikwazi ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo, ikakhulukazi kumawebhusayithi azo nasekukhangiseni okuqukethwe. Umhumushi onekhono onolwazi emkhakheni angaqinisekisa ukuthi umyalezo ohlosiwe udluliselwa futhi wamukelwa ngokunembile.

Ezinguqulweni ezincane, njengezingxoxo ezingahlelekile, kunamathuluzi ahlukahlukene azenzakalelayo atholakala ku-inthanethi. La mathuluzi anganikeza ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kolimi, kodwa awanakho ukunemba nokuqaphela umongo womhumushi onguchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela injongo nobunzima bezinto ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezinsizakalo zokuhumusha okufanele zisetshenziswe.

Ekuphetheni, ukuhumusha isirashiya ngokunembile nangokwethenjelwa kubalulekile ukuze kube nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwezinkampani nabantu ngabanye ezweni elikhuluma isirashiya. Ukuqasha umhumushi onguchwepheshe kuyoqinisekisa ukuthi umyalezo ohlosiwe udluliselwa futhi uqondwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenzelwe ibhizinisi, umuntu siqu, noma ezinye izinjongo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kolimi kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu kuzo zonke izidingo zokuhumusha.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isirashiya?

Ulimi lwesirussia lukhulunywa Erussia, Ebelarus, Ekazakhstan, Ekyrgyzstan, E-Ukraine, E-Estonia, Elatvia, Elatvia, Emoldova, Etajikistan, Elithuania, E-Uzbekistan, e-Azerbaijan, e-Armenia, Eturkmenistan, Egeorgia Nase-Abkhazia.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesirussia?

Ulimi lwesirussia lusekelwe olimini Lwesislavic Sasempumalanga, elinye lamaqembu amathathu omlando wezilimi zesislavic. Lolu limi lwalukhulunywa futhi lubhalwe izizwe Zamaslav Asempumalanga ezazihlala endaweni manje Eyirussia, I-Ukraine Nebelarus ngekhulu lesi-9. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, Isislavonic Sesonto saqala ukuba ulimi olubhaliwe lwezincwadi, izinjongo zenkolo nezokuphatha, sathatha indawo yesigreki nesilatini sangaphambili.
Ngekhulu le-10, Isislavic Sasempumalanga sasiguqukela kancane kancane olimini lwesirussia lwanamuhla, sithonywe isibulgaria nesiserbia sasendulo, sona ngokwaso esasithonywe Kakhulu Isislavonic Sesonto. Ekhulwini le-11, umsebenzi omkhulu wezincwadi wesikhathi Sekievan rus, I-Primary chronicle, yabhalwa Ngesislavic Esidala Sasempumalanga.
Phakathi nekhulu le-14 nele-15, Amarashiya aqhubeka ekhulisa indawo yawo, ekugcineni afinyelela Olwandlekazi Ipacific, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ahlangana nezinye izilimi namasiko amaningi. Amarashiya abuyisa amathonya alezi ezinye izilimi futhi azifaka kulolu limi, akha lokho manje okwaziwa ngokuthi ulimi lwesirashiya Lwanamuhla.
Kusukela ngekhulu le-17, ulimi lwesirussia lwaqala ukuthuthuka ngokwengeziwe ngomsebenzi wababhali abanethonya abanjengo-Alexander pushkin no-Ivan turgenev, ababhala ngolimi olubizwa ngokuthi "isirashiya esibhaliwe". Lolu hlobo olusha, oluthuthuke kakhudlwana lolimi lwasakazeka ngokushesha, futhi ngokushesha lwaba ulimi oluthandwa kakhulu kwezombangazwe, ezincwadini, kwezesayensi nakwezamasiko.
Namuhla, isirashiya yiso esisakazeke kakhulu ezilimini Zesislavic, esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-145 abakhuluma isislavic, futhi singesinye sezilimi ezisemthethweni Zezizwe Ezihlangene.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesirussia?

1. U-Ivan turgenev (18181883) umbhali wamanoveli, imbongi nombhali wemidlalo yaseshashalazini owenza ukusetshenziswa kolimi lwesirussia kwaziwa futhi waba negalelo ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zikazwelonke.
2. U – Alexander pushkin (17991837) - umsunguli wezincwadi zesimanje zaserussia nobaba wezinkondlo zaserussia.
3. Unikolai Karamzin (17661826) – imbongi nesazi-mlando esabhala kakhulu ngolimi lwesirussia futhi senza iminikelo eminingi emasikweni aserussia.
4. Uvladimir dal ' (18011872) isazi sezilimi, isazi sezichazamazwi nomhlanganisi wesichazamazwi sokuqala esibanzi solimi lwesirussia.
5. U – Alexander Blok (18801921) - omunye wabantu abahamba phambili embonini yezincwadi yaserussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 futhi ungumbhali weminye yemisebenzi edume kakhulu ezinkondlweni zaserussia.

Kanjani ukwakheka kolimi Russian?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesirussia sisekelwe kakhulu enhlanganisweni yezimiso zokuhlanganisa nokuhlaziya. Ukuhlanganiswa kuyinqubo lapho ama-morpheme, noma izingxenye zamagama, zihlanganiswa ndawonye ukuze kwakheke igama elilodwa eliveza umqondo owodwa. Izakhiwo zokuhlaziya zihlanganisa ukuhlukanisa umqondo owodwa ube amagama ahlukene ukuze kube lula ukuwuqonda. Ngesirashiya, izijobelelo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukubonisa izigaba ezihlukahlukene zohlelo lolimi, njengobulili, icala, inombolo, isici, isikhathi nokutholwa. Amagama nezichasiso kungase kube nezimo eziyisithupha ezihlukene ngesirashiya. I-syntax yolimi nayo ihlukile, inohlelo lwemisho engabonakali, imishwana engaphansi kanye namafomu ezenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Russian ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Beka okulindelwe ongokoqobo kanye nemigomo: Ukuqonda ulimi Russian kungabonakala overwhelming ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa ungakwazi ukufeza impumelelo uma usetha okulindelwe ongokoqobo kanye nemigomo ngokwakho. Break down ulimi-learning uhambo lwakho zibe izingcezu ephathekayo futhi ube nesineke wena.
2. Thola umlingani cwaningo: Thola umlingani umfundi online noma umngane okhuluma isirashiya abangakusiza ukuba abenza ukukhuluma kwakho kanye pronunciation.
3. Gxila emasikweni aserussia: Funda izincwadi, ubuke amabhayisikobho nemibukiso yethelevishini, ulalele ama-podcast nomculo, futhi uzame ukwenza ukuxhumana phakathi kolimi nomongo walo wamasiko.
4. Thatha ikilasi lolimi lwesirussia: Ukuthatha ikilasi lolimi lwesirussia lomuntu siqu noma eliku-inthanethi kungaba yindlela enhle yokufunda izinto eziyisisekelo nokuthola impendulo evela kuthisha noma isikhulumi sendabuko.
5. Yenza flashcards: Yenza flashcards for amazwi ezivame kakhulu nemishwana in Russian. Lokhu kungasiza ekuqiniseni ulimi futhi kwenze kube lula ukukhumbula.
6. Sebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lokufunda ulimi: Izinhlelo Zokusebenza zokufunda Ulimi ezifana Neduolingo, Imemrise, Nerosetta Stone ziyizinto ezinhle kakhulu zokufunda isirashiya. Zizokunikeza isakhiwo esithile futhi zisize ekuhlukaniseni ulimi lube izingcezu ezilawulwayo.
7. Practice, practice, practice: okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngempela ulimi Russian iwukuba ukuzijayeza kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ingabe ukufunda, ukubhala, ukulalela, nokukhuluma umzimba njalo ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho.

Isiturkey siwulimi lwasendulo, oluphilayo olunezimpande E-Asia ephakathi, oluthatha izinkulungwane zeminyaka, futhi olusetshenziswa izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba kungavamile njengolimi lwangaphandle, isiturkey siye sabona isithakazelo esivuselelekayo nesidingo sezinsizakalo zokuhumusha, ikakhulukazi entshonalanga Yurophu njengoba izwe liba nomhlaba wonke futhi lixhumene.

Ngenxa yomlando wayo omude futhi oyinkimbinkimbi, isiturkey singolunye lwezilimi eziveza kakhulu emhlabeni, ezinama-nuances amasiko kanye ne-syntax efakwe kuhlelo lwayo lolimi nolwazi lwamagama oluyingqayizivele. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinsizakalo zabahumushi kumelwe zenziwe ochwepheshe bomdabu abajwayelene kakhulu nolimi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokukwazi ukukhuluma kahle.

Lapho uhumusha usuka noma uya olimini lwesiturkey, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ulimi lugcwele ulimi oluvamile nezisho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezilimi eziningi ngaphezu kwenguqulo ejwayelekile ebhaliwe, ngakho-ke kufanele kunakwe ngokukhethekile ukubiza kabusha kwezilaleli ezihlosiwe kanye nesigama.

Enye inselele ehlobene nokuhunyushwa kwesiturkey uhlelo lolimi olunemininingwane eminingi lwezijobelelo. Uhlamvu ngalunye lungashintshwa ngokuvumelana nomthetho wohlelo lolimi; kudinga umhumushi onekhono ukuba aqaphele futhi asebenzise le mithetho ngendlela efanele.

Ngokuvamile, isiturkey siwulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi noluhle olunesiko lomlomo elicebile, futhi oludinga isandla esinekhono ukuze sihumushe ngokunembile. Umhumushi ofanelekayo angasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amaphepha akho agcina incazelo yawo ehlosiwe lapho ewadlulisela ngesiturkey noma ngaphandle kwaso.

Yiliphi izwe elikhulunywa ngolimi lwesiturkey?

Ulimi lwesiturkey lukhulunywa kakhulu Eturkey, nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zasecyprus, E-Iraq, Ebulgaria, Egrisi Nasejalimane.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesiturkey?

Ulimi lwesiturkey, olwaziwa Ngokuthi Isiturkic, luyingxenye yolimi lwesi-Altaic. Kukholakala ukuthi yavela olimini lwezizwe eziyizihambi zalokho manje Okuyiturkey emakhulwini okuqala enkulungwane yokuqala yeminyaka ad. Lolu limi lwakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi lwathonywa kakhulu izilimi Zasempumalanga Ephakathi nase-Asia Ephakathi njengesi-arabhu, isipheresiya nesigreki.
Uhlobo lokuqala olubhaliwe lwesiturkey lwaqala cishe ngekhulu le-13 futhi kuthiwa lwabhalwa Amaseljuk Aseturkey, anqoba ingxenye enkulu ye-Anatolia phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ulimi ababelusebenzisa lwalubizwa ngokuthi "isiturkey Sase-Anatolia Esidala" futhi lwalunamagama amaningi asepheresiya nawesi-arabhu.
Isikhathi Sama-Ottoman (ngekhulu le-14 kuya kwele-19) sabona ukuvela kolimi olujwayelekile olususelwa olimini Lwesi-Istanbul olwaqala ukusetshenziswa kuwo wonke amazinga omphakathi nezifunda zombuso. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi isiturkey Sase-Ottoman, esaboleka amagama amaningi kwezinye izilimi ezinjengesi-arabhu, isipheresiya nesigreki. Yayibhalwe ngokuyinhloko ngezinhlamvu zesi-arabhu.
Ngo-1928, U-Atatürk, umsunguli Weriphabhuliki yaseturkey yanamuhla, wethula izinhlamvu zamagama ezintsha zolimi lwesiturkey, esikhundleni sezinhlamvu zesi-arabhu wasebenzisa izinhlamvu zamagama zesilatini eziguquliwe. Lokhu kwaguqula isiturkey futhi kwenza kwaba lula ukufunda nokusebenzisa. Isiturkey sanamuhla sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-65 emhlabeni wonke, okwenza kube olunye lwezilimi ezinkulu Eyurophu.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesiturkey?

1. Umustafa Kemal Atatürk: Umsunguli nomongameli wokuqala Weriphabhulikhi Yaseturkey, U-Atatürk uvame ukubhekwa njengokwethula izinguquko ezinkulu olimini lwesiturkey, kufaka phakathi ukwenza lula izinhlamvu zamagama, ukufaka amagama angaphandle okulingana nesiturkey, nokukhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukufundiswa nokusetshenziswa kolimi.
2. U-Ahmet cevdet: isazi Sase-Ottoman, U-ahmet cevdet wabhala isichazamazwi sokuqala sesiturkey sanamuhla, esasihlanganisa amagama amaningi esi-arabhu nesipheresiya futhi sinikeza izincazelo ezijwayelekile emagameni nasemishweni yesiturkey.
3. Uhalit Ziya Uşaklıgil: umbhali wamanoveli odumile ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, Uşaklıgil udunyiswa ngokuvuselela intshisekelo ngesitayela sezinkondlo sombongi Wase-Ottoman Wekhulu le-16 Unâzim hikmet, kanye nokwenza ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi ezincwadi afana nokudlala ngamagama nemibuzo yezinkulumo.
4. Urecep Tayyip Erdoğan: Umongameli wamanje Waseturkey, U-Erdoğan udlale indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni umuzwa wobunikazi besizwe ngezinkulumo zakhe nangokusekela kwakhe ukusetshenziswa kwesiturkey empilweni yomphakathi.
5. Ubedri rahmi Eyüboğlu: Omunye wabantu abahamba phambili ezinkondlweni zesimanje zaseturkey kusukela ngawo-1940, U-Eyüboğlu wasiza ukwethula izinto zemibhalo Yasentshonalanga kanye nesiko ezincwadini zaseturkey, kanye nokwenza ukusetshenziswa kwamagama aseturkey kwansuku zonke.

Indlela ulimi Turkish?

Isiturkey siwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi lusebenzisa izijobelelo (iziphetho zamagama) ukuze lunezele ukwaziswa okwengeziwe nokuhlukahluka kwamagama. Futhi inohlelo lwamagama Oluthi Subject-Object-Verb. Isiturkey naso sinenqolobane enkulu yezinhlamvu zamagama nokuhlukanisa phakathi kobude bezinhlamvu zamagama. Futhi inamaqoqo amaningi ezinhlamvu, kanye nezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zokugcizelela imisho.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Turkish ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokufunda eziyisisekelo ulimi, ezifana zamagama kanye nohlelo lolimi eziyisisekelo. 2. Sebenzisa imithombo yamahhala eku-inthanethi efana nezifundo zolimi lwesiturkey, ama-podcast namavidiyo ukuqhubekisela phambili ulwazi lwakho. 3. Beka isimiso esivamile sokutadisha ngokwakho, uzibophezele ekutadisheni ulimi okungenani kanye ngesonto. 4. Prakthiza ukukhuluma Turkish nge izikhulumi bomdabu noma ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ulimi exchange. 5. Sebenzisa flashcards nezinye izinsiza inkumbulo ukukusiza ukhumbule amagama ayisihluthulelo nemishwana. 6. Lalela umculo Turkish futhi ubuke amafilimu turkish ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana isiko futhi uthuthukise amakhono akho ukulalela. 7. Makeiseka ukuthi uthatha ikhefu njalo ukuze uzinike isikhathi sokucubungula lokho okufundile nokuzijwayeza. 8. Ungesabi ukwenza amaphutha; amaphutha ayingxenye yenqubo yokufunda. 9. Inselelo ngokwakho ukuzama izinto ezintsha bese ukusunduza imingcele yakho. 10. Have fun ngenkathi ukufunda!