Isi-ukraine Isi-Udmurt Humusha

Ukuhumusha isi-ukraine kubalulekile kumabhizinisi amaningi nezinhlangano ezidinga ukuxhumana nabantu abavela noma ngaphakathi Kwe-Ukraine. Kunezinsizakalo eziningi ezitholakalayo ukuze zibasize bafinyelele izilaleli ezihlosiwe, kusukela kubahumushi abazimele kuya ezinkampanini ezikhethekile zokuhumusha. Isidingo sokuhunyushwa kwesi-ukraine siyaqhubeka sikhula njengoba umnotho wezwe nobudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe buqhubeka nokwanda.

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni isi-ukraine ukuthola umhumushi oneziqu nobuchwepheshe obudingekayo ukuze ahumushe ngokunembile ulimi oluwumthombo olimini lwesi-ukraine. Ngaphandle kokuba nemfundo yezilimi nezilimi abazihumushayo, kumelwe futhi babe nolwazi lwangaphambili nokuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenza kumaphrojekthi okuhumusha ase-ukraine.

Umhumushi kudingeka abe nolwazi oluhle ngemininingwane yolimi lwesi-ukraine nanoma yiziphi izinkomba zamasiko okungase kudingeke ukuba zicatshangelwe. Izinguqulo eziningi zingathintwa umlando wezwe, isiko, nesimo sezombangazwe, ngakho kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umhumushi owazi ulimi futhi owazi ngentuthuko yamuva e-Ukraine.

Uma kuziwa ekusebenzeni nomhumushi ofanelekayo wase-ukraine, kubalulekile ukukhetha eyodwa enezinqubo ezichazwe kahle nezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi. Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo, ngoba ukunemba nokuvumelana kubalulekile ekuxhumaneni okuphumelelayo. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi enhle kuhilela ukuhlola njalo ukuhumusha ngokumelene nomthombo wokuqala futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi noma yikuphi ukungafani kulethwa kumhumushi ukuze kuhunyushwe kabusha.

Kuyasiza futhi ukusebenzisa inkampani enikeza izinsizakalo ezengeziwe ezifana nokwenziwa kwendawo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhumusha kufanelekile ngokwendabuko nangokwezilimi kubabukeli ababhekiswe kubo. Lokhu kusho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulimi luhambisana nesifunda esithile, kusetshenziswa izilimi zendawo nemifanekiso lapho kudingeka khona. Kuhlanganisa nokunikeza ukufometha okufanele nokwakhiwa kokuhlelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinto ezihunyushiwe zibukeka zifana nezinto eziwumthombo.

Ngokuyinhloko, ukuhumusha ngesi-ukraine kumayelana nokudlulisa umyalezo ohlosiwe ngokunembile, kuyilapho kuqinisekiswa nokuthi konke ukuzwela kwamasiko nomongo jikelele kuyacatshangelwa. Ukuthola umhumushi okwazi ukukwenza lokhu, futhi lokho kusebenza nezindinganiso eziphakeme zobungcweti nezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi, kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi uthola imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

Yiliphi ulimi olukhulunywa e-ukraine?

Ulimi lwesi-ukraine lukhulunywa ikakhulukazi e-Ukraine nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zaserussia, Ebelarus, Emoldova, Epoland, Eslovakia, Ehungary, Eromania Nasebulgaria. Ibuye isetshenziswe njengolimi oluncane Ekazakhstan, Eserbia, Egrisi Nasecroatia.

Uyini umlando ulimi ukraine?

Ulimi lwesi-ukraine lunomlando omude futhi oyinkimbinkimbi wokuthuthuka. Luwulimi Lwesislavic Sasempumalanga, oluphakathi komkhaya ofanayo nesirashiya nesibelarusian. Sekuyisikhathi Eside sikhulunywa e-Ukraine kusukela ngekhulu le-11. Phakathi nengxenye enkulu yomlando Wayo kwakuyingxenye yolimi Lwesislavonic Sesonto, olwalusetshenziswa ezincwadini zenkolo nasemibhalweni. Phakathi nengxenye enkulu yekhulu le-16 nele-19, yaqhubeka ibhekwa njengesilimi sesirashiya, naphezu kwezici ezithile ezihlukile.
Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19 lapho isi-ukraine saqala khona ukuqashelwa njengolimi oluhlukile, njengengxenye yokuvuselelwa kwezincwadi e-Ukraine. Isisekelo sesi-ukraine sanamuhla sasungulwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, isi-ukraine sase siwulimi lwabantu Abaningi base-Ukraine.
Ngo-1917 I-Ukraine yamemezela ukuzimela Kwayo Erussia futhi yamukela isi-ukraine njengolimi olusemthethweni lombuso. Lokhu kwaqala inkathi yokujwayeza nokuthuthukisa ulimi, kwanyatheliswa izichazamazwi eziningi, izincwadi zohlelo lolimi, nezinto zokufundisa ukuze kukhuthazwe ukusetshenziswa kwalo.
Kusukela ithola inkululeko ngo-1991, i-ukraine iye yavuselelwa nakakhulu. Sesibe ulimi olusemthethweni lwesizwe, futhi sifundiswa kabanzi ezikoleni futhi sisetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuxhumana nomphakathi. Naphezu kokuba khona kwesirashiya kwezinye izindawo zezwe, isi-ukraine sihlala siwulimi oluyinhloko e-Ukraine.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesi-ukraine?

1. U-Ivan kotlyarevsky (17691838): Ebhekwa njengomsunguli wezincwadi zesimanje zase-ukraine, Ukotlyarevsky wabhala inkondlo yokuqala yesizwe ngesi-ukraine, I-Eneyida. Imisebenzi yakhe yasiza ekwandiseni nasekulinganiseni ulimi.
2. Utaras Shevchenko (18141861): umuntu ovelele wezincwadi nobuciko base-ukraine, ushevchenko kwesinye isikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi "ubaba wolimi lwase-ukraine". Wayengumsekeli oshisekayo wokusetshenziswa kwesi-ukraine ezincwadini nasemasikweni futhi wabhala izinkondlo eziningi namanoveli ngolimi.
3. U-Ivan Franko (18561916): umbhali nombongi onethonya, Ufranko wabhala eminye yemisebenzi yokuqala yezincwadi zanamuhla zase-ukraine. Wabuye wasungula I-Ivan Franko National University Yaselviv, eyakha izindlela zemfundo ezishintshayo ezigcizelela ukubaluleka kolimi lwesi-ukraine.
4. Uvolodymyr vernadsky (18631945): isazi-mlando esivelele, isazi sefilosofi, nesazi sokuma komhlaba, Uvernadsky wayengumholi oyinhloko ekuthuthukiseni isiko lesimanje lase-ukraine. Wayengomunye wabasunguli Beshevchenko Scientific Society futhi wabhala izincwadi eziningi nezindatshana ngezihloko zase-ukraine ngolimi.
5. U-Oleksandr Oles (18841962): isazi sezilimi esivelele nesazi sezilimi, U-Oles waba namandla amakhulu ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lolimi lwesi-ukraine lwanamuhla. Wayengumbhali wemisebenzi eminingana emikhulu ngolimi, kufaka Phakathi Ulimi lwesi-ukraine Ezikoleni Zamabanga Aphansi, futhi wayeyilungu elinamandla Le-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.

Kanjani ukwakheka kolimi ukraine?

Ulimi lwesi-ukraine luwulimi Lwesislavic olukhulunywa ikakhulukazi e-Ukraine, lapho luwulimi olusemthethweni khona. Ihlobene kakhulu Nesibelarusian, isipolish nesirashiya nezinye izilimi zamaslav. Inezinhlamvu zayo ezithathwe Olimini Lwesicyrillic, futhi uhlelo lwayo lolimi lufana nolwezinye izilimi Zesislavic, ezinamagama, izichasiso, izenzi nezichasiso ezinokuhlehla nokuhlanganiswa okuhlukile. Ngokuvamile ukuhleleka kwamagama kuyisihloko isenzo into, kodwa kuyaguquguquka futhi kungahluka kuye ngokugcizelelwa kwesikhulumi.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi ukraine ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thola isifundo solimi oluhle: Start ngokuthola isifundo solimi oluhle esigxile olimini lwesi-ukraine. Bheka okuthile olunzulu futhi likufundisa kokubili uhlelo lolimi kanye silulumagama ulimi.
2. Thenga ezinye izincwadi ezinhle zokufunda ulimi: Izincwadi zingenye yezinsiza ezinhle kakhulu uma kuziwa ekufundeni ulimi. Bheka izincwadi ezigxile olimini lwesi-ukraine hhayi kuphela ngohlelo lolimi kodwa nangamasiko, umlando nezisho.
3. Prakthiza! Indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda ulimi iwukuyenza ngangokunokwenzeka. Bheka ithuba lokuba nezingxoxo nezikhulumi zomdabu, kungaba ku-inthanethi noma endaweni yakho. Lalela umsakazo ukraine futhi ubuke amabhayisikobho ukraine kanye TV. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba ujwayelane kakhudlwana nolimi futhi ululawule ngokushesha.
4. Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza namawebhusayithi: Kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi namawebhusayithi angakusiza ukuba uthuthukise amakhono akho olimi lwase-ukraine. Bheka izinkundla ze-inthanethi, amabhulogi namawebhusayithi agxile ekufundiseni isi-ukraine.
5. Zicwilise: Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokufunda ulimi ukuhamba nokuzicwilisa emasikweni nasendaweni ezungezile. Uma ukuya E-Ukraine akuyona inketho kuwe, zama ukuthola iqembu lendawo lokuhlangana noma uhlelo lokushintshana ngolimi.

Ukuhumusha isi-Udmurt inqubo yokuhumusha imibhalo isuka olimini olulodwa iye olimini Lwesi-Udmurt. Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt luwulimi Lwesi-Finno-Ugric olukhulunywa ngabantu base-Udmurt abahlala Eriphabhulikhi Yase-Udmurt, etholakala Enkabeni Yerussia. Lolu limi lunomlando namasiko acebile, futhi luwulimi olusemthethweni Eriphabhuliki Yase-Udmurt. Nakuba lolu limi lungase lubhekwe njengolungamelwe kahle ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, lusalokhu luwulimi olubalulekile kulabo abavela kule ndawo noma abanesithakazelo olimini, emasikweni nasemlandweni wabantu base-Udmurt.

Uma kuziwa Ekuhumusheni Isi-Udmurt, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kwenziwa izinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa abahumushi bolimi lwesi-Udmurt abanolwazi, abanolwazi ngolimi nangomongo wamasiko. Umhumushi kufanele akwazi ukuqonda uhlelo lolimi, ukupela amagama, kanye nemisho yolimi ukuze enze izinguqulo ezinembile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele bakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokunembile ukwanda nokuhlukahluka kwamagama ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi umbhalo usondelene kakhulu nombhalo wokuqala ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuhumusha isi-Udmurt kungasiza ekuvaleni igebe phakathi kwamasiko futhi kunikeze abantu abavela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ithuba lokuqondana. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa cishe kunoma iyiphi insimu, kuhlanganise nebhizinisi, izincwadi, nabezindaba. Ingasetshenziselwa futhi ukusiza ukulondoloza isiko nomlando wabantu Base-Udmurt ngokuvumela izindaba zabo namazwi abo ukuba ezwakale yizilaleli ezinkulu.

Ngokuvamile, ukuhumusha Isi-Udmurt kungaba ithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu lokuqonda ulimi namasiko abantu base-Udmurt. Ngokuqonda imibhalo Yesi-Udmurt, kunganikeza izilaleli eziningi ithuba lokwazisa nokufunda olimini nasemasikweni abantu base-Udmurt. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba yindlela enhle yokukhuthaza ukuqonda phakathi kwamasiko nokufunda okwengeziwe ngomunye nomunye.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt?

Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt lukhulunywa kakhulu Eriphabhuliki Yase-Udmurt, etholakala esifundeni Sasevolga Erussia. Kukhulunywa nasemiphakathini emincane kwezinye izingxenye Zaserussia, kanye nasemazweni angomakhelwane njengekazakhstan, Ibelarus Nefinland.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesi-Udmurt?

Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt luyingxenye yolimi lwesi-Uralic futhi luhlobene kakhulu nezilimi Zesi-Finno-Ugric. Kukhulunywa ngabantu abangaba ngu-680,000, ikakhulukazi Eriphabhulikhi Yase-Udmurt (Erussia) nasendaweni ezungezile. Uhlobo lwayo lokubhala lwabhalwa ngekhulu le-18 ngabapristi bama-orthodox aserussia, abakha isimiso sokubhala esisekelwe ezinhlamvwini Zesicyrillic. Lolu hlelo lokubhala lwaqhubeka lwandiswa futhi lwathuthukiswa phakathi nekhulu le-19 nele-20, okwaholela olimini lokubhala lwanamuhla. Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt lusasetshenziswa nanamuhla ezifundeni ezinabantu abangama-Udmurt, futhi lufundiswa nasezikoleni nasemanyuvesi.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesi-Udmurt?

1. Uvasiliy Ivanovich Alymov-isazi sezilimi nombhali wemisebenzi eminingi yolimi Lwesi-Udmurt, owabhala uhlelo lolimi olucacile futhi wamisa imithetho eminingi nemigomo esasetshenziswa nanamuhla.
2. Uvyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov-Isazi nomlobi wemisebenzi eminingi ngolimi namasiko Ase-Udmurt, kuhlanganise nohlelo lolimi olunzulu nezifundo ngesakhiwo sezinkondlo zase-Udmurt.
3. Unina vitalievna Kirsanova-Rodionova - umqambi emkhakheni we-Udmurt ebhaliwe, wabhala izincwadi zokuqala ngolimi futhi wadala isichazamazwi sokuqala sase-Ukraine-Udmurt.
4. Umikhayl romanovich pavlov-Owaziwa ngegalelo lakhe elikhulu emkhakheni wolimi Lwesi-Udmurt, izincwadi, kanye nezinganekwane, wayengomunye wabantu bokuqala ukuqopha nokubhala izingoma zomdabu zesifunda.
5. U-Olga Valerianovna fyodorova - Lozhkina-Omunye wabantu bokuqala ukutadisha ulimi namasiko Ase-Udmurt, washicilela amaphephandaba okuqala olimi lwesi-Udmurt futhi wabhala uhlelo lolimi nezinye izinto zokufundisa.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesi-Udmurt sinjani?

Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt luwulimi Lwesi-Uralic, oluhlobene kakhulu nesifinnish nesi-estonia, futhi lunokufana okuthile nezilimi Zasekomi-zyryan nasepermic. Isakhiwo sayo sibonakala nge-agglutinative morphology, okusho ukuthi amagama akhiwa ngokuhlanganisa ama-affix ezincazelo nemiqondo ehlukene. Ulimi lunokuvumelana konkamisa okuyisici nesimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokwehla kwamagama. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezenzi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kunezimo ezihlukahlukene, izici, nezikhathi, kanye nokuhlukanisa okuyisisekelo phakathi kwamafomu aphelele nalawo angaphelele.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Udmurt ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokuzijwayeza ulimi. Funda mayelana zamagama kanye pronunciation futhi uthole ukuqonda eziyisisekelo lolimi.
2. Funda futhi ulalele native Udmurt imithombo. Lalela izindaba zendawo futhi uvumelane umculo NEZINHLELO TV ngolimi.
3. Prakthiza ukukhuluma nokubhala Udmurt. Thola umlingani ulimi noma usebenzise izinkundla inthanethi kanye nezingosi zokuxoxa ukuzijayeza.
4. Thatha izifundo zolimi Lwesi-Udmurt. Kunezikhungo eziningi zezilimi ezinikeza izifundo zolimi Lwesi-Udmurt futhi ungazithola ku-inthanethi.
5. Gxila emasikweni naselulwimini. Vakashela Udmurtia futhi ukhulume izikhulumi bomdabu ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngezilimi zendawo namasiko.