Azerbaijani Khmername Guqulela

Inguqulelo ye-Azerbaijani yintsimi ebalulekileyo yenkonzo yeelwimi, njengoko ilizwe ngokwalo liguqule i-hybrid ekhethekileyo yeelwimi kunye neenkcubeko ezithandwayo phakathi kwabahambi bamazwe ngamazwe. Iazerbaijan ithathwa njengendlela yeelwimi Ezininzi Zasempuma Yurophu Kunye Ne-Central Asia, okwenza iinkonzo zokuguqulela iazerbaijan zibalulekile kumashishini afuna ukunxibelelana nommandla.

Iazerbaijani lulwimi lwengingqi oluthethwa ngabantu abaqikelelwa kwizigidi ezili-10 Emzantsi Caucasus Nakumbindi Weasia, ngakumbi Kwiriphabhlikhi Yaseazerbaijan. Inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nesiturkey kwaye ithethwa ngokubanzi kwezinye iindawo zesoviet Union. Iazerbaijani lulwimi olusemthethweni kumazwe aliqela kubandakanya Iazerbaijan, Irussia, Ibelarus,Imoldova, Ikazakhstan Nekyrgyzstan, isenza ulwimi olubalulekileyo ukuqonda ukuba uceba ukwenza ishishini kulo mmandla.

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezenza inguqulelo yesiazerbaijani yahluke kwezinye iintlobo zeenguqulelo. Iazerbaijani lulwimi oluntsonkothileyo olubandakanya iinkqubo ezimbini zokubhala kunye neelwimi ezimbini eziqondakalayo. Oku kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kubaguquleli abasebenza phakathi kweazerbaijani nezinye iilwimi, kuba ulwimi ngalunye luneenkcukacha zalo kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokomzekelo, izibizo zaseazerbaijani zineenguqulelo ezintathu (ubudoda, ubufazi kunye ne-neuter) ezinokuba yinkohliso kwizithethi ezingezizo ezomthonyama. Ngaphezu koko, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuthetha into efanayo ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo, ngoko ukuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo nangempumelelo kuthetha ukukwazi ukubamba ithoni efanelekileyo kunye nezinto zenkcubeko.

Iazerbaijani inxulumene kakhulu nesiturkey, kwaye amagama amaninzi kunye neengcamango zabelwana phakathi kwabo. Oku kwenza kube lula kubaguquleli abaqheleneyo naluphi na ulwimi ukuba bathathe olunye, kubavumela ukuba basebenze kwiinguqulelo phakathi kweazerbaijani nesiturkey.

Nokuba uhamba okanye wenza ishishini kulo mmandla, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zaseazerbaijani zinokukunceda ufumane okuninzi kumava akho. Ngokusebenzisana nezithethi ezinamava zomthonyama zazo zombini iilwimi, unokuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wakho udluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo nangobungcali, ukukunceda ukuba uhlale unxibelelene nemarike yendawo kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane obunenzuzo kumacala omabini.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesiazerbaijan?

Ulwimi lwesiazerbaijani luthethwa ikakhulu Eazerbaijan nakwinxalenye Ye-Iran, kodwa ikwathethwa kumazwe afana Nerussia, Iturkey, I-Iraq, Igeorgia, Kunye Nesiriya.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesiazerbaijan?

Imbali yolwimi lwaseazerbaijani ibuyela kwikhulu le-8 AD xa iintlanga Zaseoghuz (Eturkic) zaqala ukuhlala Ecentral Asia. Ngenkulungwane ye-13, Iazerbaijan yaba liziko eliphambili lenkcubeko nolwimi lwamapersi kuwo wonke loo mmandla. Ngexesha leemfazwe zamarussia namapersi ngenkulungwane ye-19, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesiazerbaijani kwacinezelwa ekuthandeni ulwimi lwaserussia Bubukhosi baserussia. Emva kokuwa KWE-USSR, Iazerbaijan yabhengeza ukuzimela kwayo kwaye ulwimi lwaseazerbaijan lwamkelwa ngokusemthethweni njengolwimi olusemthethweni lwelizwe.
Ukususela ngoko, iazerbaijani iye yatyhubela iinguqulelo eziliqela nemigaqo-nkqubo yolwimi eyenziweyo ukuze kugcinwe ulwimi luphilile kuze kuphuculwe umgangatho walo. Oku kukhokelele ekuvuselelweni kolwimi, ngoku oluthethwa zizigidi zabantu Eazerbaijan, nakwamanye amazwe akulo mmandla, Njengeturkey, Igeorgia Neiran. Ngaphezu koko, iazerbaijani nayo iya isiba lulwimi oluthandwayo kumazwe ngamazwe ehlabathini lonke.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesiazerbaijani?

1. Umirza Fatali Akhundov - wayengumlobi waseazerbaijani, umbhali wokudlala, ifilosofi kunye notitshala. Imisebenzi yakhe yayinempembelelo ekuvukeni kwesizwe kweazerbaijani ngasekupheleni kwe19th nasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20.
2. Umama Wathi Ordubadi-uthathwa njengoyise weencwadi zanamhlanje zaseazerbaijani, kunye noovulindlela bayo abadumileyo.
3. Umuhammad Fizuli-wayeyimbongi yaseazerbaijani yenkulungwane ye-16. Ubizwa ngokuba ngumsunguli weencwadi zakudala zaseazerbaijani.
4. Urasul Rza - wayengoyena mntu uphambili kuphuhliso lolwimi lwaseazerbaijani ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Wayebandakanyeka kakhulu kwi-azerbaijan language movement kwaye waba negalelo ekudaleni i-alfabhethi kuyo.
5. Unizami Ganjavi-wayeyimbongi yasepersi yenkulungwane ye-12 eyayisaziwa ngokubanzi njengenye yeembongi zothando kakhulu kuzo zonke iincwadi. Wabhala ngesipersi nesiazerbaijani, kwaye eminye imisebenzi yakhe yaguqulelwa kwezinye iilwimi ezifana nesifrentshi nesirashiya. I-biography yakhe yaba nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseazerbaijan.

Njani ulwimi azerbaijan?

Ulwimi lwesiazerbaijani lunesakhiwo esimbaxa. Lulwimi oluguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba longeza izimamva kwisiseko segama ukubonisa utshintsho kwintsingiselo. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-agglutination. Umzekelo," yaz - " (bhala) iba "yaz-m" (ndibhala). Iazerbaijani ikwabandakanya ukuvisisana kwezikhamiso, apho amagama kunye nezikhamiso kufuneka zivumelane ngezikhamiso ezithile ezisekwe kwindawo yazo kwigama. Iazerbaijani inamadoda amabini, amatyala amathathu kunye namaxesha asixhenxe.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwaseazerbaijani ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokuziqhelanisa nealfabhethi. I-Azerbaijani isebenzisa i-alfabhethi yesilatini esekelwe kwisilatini, equlethe iileta ezingama-33.
2. Fumana incwadi yesifundo okanye isikhokelo sokufunda kwi-intanethi ukuze ufunde iziseko zolwimi. Igrama, isakhiwo sesivakalisi, kunye nesigama zibalulekile ekuqondeni ulwimi.
3. Zikhuphelele eli khadi lomntu osebhayibhileni. Mamela ukurekhodwa kwe-Azerbaijani, bukela iividiyo kunye neemovie e-Azerbaijani, kwaye wenze umzamo wokuyithetha kwincoko.
4. Ziqhelise rhoqo. Qiniseka ukuba uhlolisisa uze wenze nantoni na oyifundileyo. Ukusebenza kwimithambo kunye nokuzibandakanya kwiingxoxo kunye nezithethi zomthonyama kuya kunceda ukuqinisa ulwazi lwakho.
5. Sebenza nomfundisi. Umhlohli unokukunceda ufunde ngesantya sakho kwaye uvavanye inkqubela yakho. Banokubonelela ngesikhokelo kwaye baphendule nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba unayo.
6. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ezikwi-intanethi. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifundo ezikwi-intanethi kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo ezinokuthi zongezelele izifundo zakho.

I-Khmer lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasekhambodiya kwaye luthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-16 emhlabeni jikelele. Ulwimi lolwaseaustroasiatic usapho lweelwimi, ezibandakanya iilwimi Zasevietnam kunye nesimon-Khmer ezifana Nekhmer Kunye Nesimon. I-Khmer iyingqayizivele phakathi kwezalamane Zayo Emzantsi-Mpuma Asia ngenxa yenkqubo yayo yokubhala. I-khmer script, eyaziwa ngokuba Yi "Khmer Rouge" ngenxa yokunxulumana kwayo nembali kunye neqela elilawulayo Lamakomanisi ngexesha Lemfazwe Yamakhaya Yasekhambodiya, isebenzisa indibaniselwano yeeleta ze-consonant kunye ne-diacritics yokubhala i-syllabic.

Nangona i-Diacritics yayo, inkqubo yokubhala Yekhmer ilula ukufunda xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iilwimi Zasempuma Asia. Iileta zibhalwe ngendlela elungeleleneyo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuzifunda. Oku kunceda ukwenza uguqulelo Lwekhmer lube lula kuneenguqulelo ezibandakanya ezinye iilwimi.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ze-Khmer ziya zisanda ngenxa yokunyuka kwamathuba oshishino kunye nokhenketho Ecambodia. Ngenxa yoko, iinkampani ezininzi zokuguqulela ziye zavela ukunceda ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kwesingesi Nekhmer.

Xa ukhetha inkampani yokuguqulela Ye-Khmer, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela amava omguquleli kunye nolwazi lolwimi. Kukwabalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umguquleli uqhelene nenkcubeko kwaye ubalaselisa izinto ezithile kulwimi ezinokuthi zingahoywa.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkampani yokuguqulela ibonelela ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo nezifike ngexesha. Oku kunokwenza wonke umahluko xa unxibelelana namashishini okanye abantu Ecambodia. Ukuchaneka kubaluleke kakhulu kumaxwebhu oshishino kunye nezivumelwano, ngoko kuhlawula ukutyala imali kubaguquleli Bekhmer abathembekileyo.

Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukufumana inkampani yokuguqulela enikezela ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo. Ngeenkampani ezininzi ezibonelela ngeenkonzo zokuguqulela Ze-Khmer, ihlawula ukuthenga ngeenxa zonke kwaye ithelekise amaxabiso ukuze ifumane eyona nto ibalaseleyo.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ze-Khmer zingabaluleka kubantu kunye namashishini afuna ukwenza ishishini Ecambodia. Xa beguqulela, banokuqinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano lwabo luchanekile kwaye lufanelekile ngokwenkcubeko. Ngoko unganqikazi ukujonga iinkonzo zokuguqulela Ze-Khmer ukuba unemfuno yazo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwekhmer?

Ulwimi Lwekhmer luthethwa ikakhulu Ecambodia. Ikwathethwa Evietnam Nasethailand, phakathi kwamanye amazwe.

Yintoni i-Khmer language?

Ulwimi Lwekhmer lulwimi Oluthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-16 Ekhambodiya, Evietnam, Ethailand Nasefransi. Ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasekhambodiya kwaye lusetyenziswe kulo mmandla ukususela kwinkulungwane yokuqala AD..
Imibhalo yokuqala eyaziwayo Kwi-Khmer ibuyele kwi-7th century AD, kodwa ulwimi luye lwajikeleza ixesha elide kunokuba. Kangangeenkulungwane ngaphambi kwenkulungwane yesi-7, Ubukhosi Bekhmer babulawulwa ngabantu abathetha Isanskrit baseindiya. Ngekhulu le-8, ulwimi Lwekhmer lwaqala ukubonakala njengolwimi olwahlukileyo.
Ulwimi Lwekhmer lwaphenjelelwa kakhulu lulwimi Lwepali, olwaziswa luvela Emzantsi India ngenkulungwane ye-9 ngabathunywa Bevangeli Baseindiya Abangamabhuda. Impembelelo Ye-Pali Kunye Nesisanskrit, edityaniswe nolwimi lwe-Austroasiatic lwalo mmandla, yazala Ikhmer yanamhlanje.
Ukusukela ngoko, Ikhmer iye yathandwa kakhulu kwaye ngoku lolona lwimi luthethwa Kakhulu Ecambodia. Ikwayenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Zombutho Wezizwe Zasemzantsi-Mpuma Asia (I-ASEAN).

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwekhmer?

1. I-Preah Ang Eng (i-17th century): umntu obalulekileyo kwimbali Yolwimi Lwekhmer, U-Preah Ang Eng wabhala imisebenzi emininzi eyayinegalelo ekulondolozeni nasekukhuthazeni ulwimi. Ubizwa ngokuba ngumshicileli wokuqala Wokushicilela Emzantsi-Mpuma We-Asia kunye nokwazisa inguqulelo ebhaliweyo Yolwimi Lwekhmer.
2. I-chankirirom (ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19): I-Chankirirom ye-Chey ithathwa njengenye yamanani abalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi Lwekhmer. Waqulunqa inkqubo yokubhala esekelwe kwiskripthi se-devanagari esasetyenziswa nanamhlanje kwaye yayinoxanduva lokulinganisa upelo kunye negrama.
3. U-Thong Hy (ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20): U-Thong Hy uyaziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe ophazamisayo ekuphuhliseni i-Khmer dictionary. Isichazi-magama sakhe sapapashwa ngo-1923 kwaye sisasetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengesixhobo Sokubhekisa kulwimi Lwekhmer.
4. I-Venerable Chuon Nath (i-20th century): i-abbot Yewat Botum Vaddey, I-Venerable Chuon Nath ihlonishwa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe ekulondolozeni nasekukhuthazeni ulwimi Lwekhmer. Wayengomnye wabantu bokuqala ukwabelana ngeemfundiso Zebuddhist Kwi-Khmer kwaye uye wadlalwa ngokunceda ukugcina inkcubeko Yekhmer.
5. I-Huy Kanthoul (i-21st century): enye yamanani anempembelelo kwi-khmer language namhlanje, U-Huy Kanthoul unjingalwazi kunye nolwimi olusebenze ngokungakhathali ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa Kwe-Khmer kwimfundo. Uphuhlise iincwadi ezininzi zolwimi Lwekhmer kwaye ungummeli ovakalayo wamalungelo Olwimi Lwekhmer.

Uluphi ulwimi lwekhmer?

Ulwimi Lwekhmer lulwimi Lwe-Austroasia, oluhlala kwintsapho yasemon-Khmer. Lulwimi lokuhlalutya olunomxholo-isenzi-into igama elithi umyalelo kwaye isebenzisa iipostpositions endaweni yezilungiso. Inenkqubo etyebileyo yezimaphambili, kubandakanya izimaphambili ezahlukeneyo, izimamva kunye neenkcukacha. Izibizo zayo ziphawulwe ngenani kunye nezenzi zayo zomntu, inombolo, umba, ilizwi kunye nomoya. Inenkqubo yeetoni ezintlanu, ezisetyenziselwa ukwahlula iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lwekhmer ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda ialfabhethi: I-Khmer ibhalwa ngokusebenzisa iskripthi se-abugida esibizwa Ngokuba Yi-Aksar Khmer, ngoko kubalulekile ukuqala ngokuziqhelanisa noonobumba kunye neefom zabo ezahlukeneyo. Unokufumana izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi ukukunceda ufunde ialfabhethi.
2. Isigama esisisiseko se-Master: Xa uqhelene ne-alfabhethi, begin ukusebenza ekufundeni amagama asisiseko Kunye namabinzana Ekhmer. Ungasebenzisa izichazi-magama ezikwi-intanethi, iincwadi zezifundo, kunye neeapps ukukhangela amagama kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokubiza amagama.
3. Thatha iklasi: Ukuba ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufunda ulwimi ngokuchanekileyo, bhalisela iklasi Yolwimi Lwekhmer kwisikolo sasekuhlaleni okanye eyunivesithi. Ukuthatha iklasi kuya kukunika ithuba lokubuza imibuzo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nomqeqeshi.
4. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama: ukuze uqhelane ngokwenene nendlela Ikhmer ethethwa ngayo, zama ukuchitha ixesha lokuphulaphula izithethi zomthonyama. Ungabukela imiboniso kamabonwakude okanye iimuvi Kwi-Khmer, umamele iipodcasts, okanye ufumane iingoma ngolwimi.
5. Ukuziqhelanisa nokubhala nokuthetha: Nje Ukuba ube nolwazi olusisiseko lolwimi, qala ukuziqhelanisa nokubhala nokuthetha Khmer. Qala ukufunda ngolwimi kwaye uzame ukuba neengxoxo kunye nezithethi zomthonyama. Oku kuya kukunceda wakhe ukuzithemba kwaye uphuhlise izakhono zakho.