Azerbaijani Isibosnian Guqulela

Inguqulelo ye-Azerbaijani yintsimi ebalulekileyo yenkonzo yeelwimi, njengoko ilizwe ngokwalo liguqule i-hybrid ekhethekileyo yeelwimi kunye neenkcubeko ezithandwayo phakathi kwabahambi bamazwe ngamazwe. Iazerbaijan ithathwa njengendlela yeelwimi Ezininzi Zasempuma Yurophu Kunye Ne-Central Asia, okwenza iinkonzo zokuguqulela iazerbaijan zibalulekile kumashishini afuna ukunxibelelana nommandla.

Iazerbaijani lulwimi lwengingqi oluthethwa ngabantu abaqikelelwa kwizigidi ezili-10 Emzantsi Caucasus Nakumbindi Weasia, ngakumbi Kwiriphabhlikhi Yaseazerbaijan. Inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nesiturkey kwaye ithethwa ngokubanzi kwezinye iindawo zesoviet Union. Iazerbaijani lulwimi olusemthethweni kumazwe aliqela kubandakanya Iazerbaijan, Irussia, Ibelarus,Imoldova, Ikazakhstan Nekyrgyzstan, isenza ulwimi olubalulekileyo ukuqonda ukuba uceba ukwenza ishishini kulo mmandla.

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezenza inguqulelo yesiazerbaijani yahluke kwezinye iintlobo zeenguqulelo. Iazerbaijani lulwimi oluntsonkothileyo olubandakanya iinkqubo ezimbini zokubhala kunye neelwimi ezimbini eziqondakalayo. Oku kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kubaguquleli abasebenza phakathi kweazerbaijani nezinye iilwimi, kuba ulwimi ngalunye luneenkcukacha zalo kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokomzekelo, izibizo zaseazerbaijani zineenguqulelo ezintathu (ubudoda, ubufazi kunye ne-neuter) ezinokuba yinkohliso kwizithethi ezingezizo ezomthonyama. Ngaphezu koko, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuthetha into efanayo ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo, ngoko ukuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo nangempumelelo kuthetha ukukwazi ukubamba ithoni efanelekileyo kunye nezinto zenkcubeko.

Iazerbaijani inxulumene kakhulu nesiturkey, kwaye amagama amaninzi kunye neengcamango zabelwana phakathi kwabo. Oku kwenza kube lula kubaguquleli abaqheleneyo naluphi na ulwimi ukuba bathathe olunye, kubavumela ukuba basebenze kwiinguqulelo phakathi kweazerbaijani nesiturkey.

Nokuba uhamba okanye wenza ishishini kulo mmandla, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zaseazerbaijani zinokukunceda ufumane okuninzi kumava akho. Ngokusebenzisana nezithethi ezinamava zomthonyama zazo zombini iilwimi, unokuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wakho udluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo nangobungcali, ukukunceda ukuba uhlale unxibelelene nemarike yendawo kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane obunenzuzo kumacala omabini.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesiazerbaijan?

Ulwimi lwesiazerbaijani luthethwa ikakhulu Eazerbaijan nakwinxalenye Ye-Iran, kodwa ikwathethwa kumazwe afana Nerussia, Iturkey, I-Iraq, Igeorgia, Kunye Nesiriya.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesiazerbaijan?

Imbali yolwimi lwaseazerbaijani ibuyela kwikhulu le-8 AD xa iintlanga Zaseoghuz (Eturkic) zaqala ukuhlala Ecentral Asia. Ngenkulungwane ye-13, Iazerbaijan yaba liziko eliphambili lenkcubeko nolwimi lwamapersi kuwo wonke loo mmandla. Ngexesha leemfazwe zamarussia namapersi ngenkulungwane ye-19, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesiazerbaijani kwacinezelwa ekuthandeni ulwimi lwaserussia Bubukhosi baserussia. Emva kokuwa KWE-USSR, Iazerbaijan yabhengeza ukuzimela kwayo kwaye ulwimi lwaseazerbaijan lwamkelwa ngokusemthethweni njengolwimi olusemthethweni lwelizwe.
Ukususela ngoko, iazerbaijani iye yatyhubela iinguqulelo eziliqela nemigaqo-nkqubo yolwimi eyenziweyo ukuze kugcinwe ulwimi luphilile kuze kuphuculwe umgangatho walo. Oku kukhokelele ekuvuselelweni kolwimi, ngoku oluthethwa zizigidi zabantu Eazerbaijan, nakwamanye amazwe akulo mmandla, Njengeturkey, Igeorgia Neiran. Ngaphezu koko, iazerbaijani nayo iya isiba lulwimi oluthandwayo kumazwe ngamazwe ehlabathini lonke.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesiazerbaijani?

1. Umirza Fatali Akhundov - wayengumlobi waseazerbaijani, umbhali wokudlala, ifilosofi kunye notitshala. Imisebenzi yakhe yayinempembelelo ekuvukeni kwesizwe kweazerbaijani ngasekupheleni kwe19th nasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20.
2. Umama Wathi Ordubadi-uthathwa njengoyise weencwadi zanamhlanje zaseazerbaijani, kunye noovulindlela bayo abadumileyo.
3. Umuhammad Fizuli-wayeyimbongi yaseazerbaijani yenkulungwane ye-16. Ubizwa ngokuba ngumsunguli weencwadi zakudala zaseazerbaijani.
4. Urasul Rza - wayengoyena mntu uphambili kuphuhliso lolwimi lwaseazerbaijani ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Wayebandakanyeka kakhulu kwi-azerbaijan language movement kwaye waba negalelo ekudaleni i-alfabhethi kuyo.
5. Unizami Ganjavi-wayeyimbongi yasepersi yenkulungwane ye-12 eyayisaziwa ngokubanzi njengenye yeembongi zothando kakhulu kuzo zonke iincwadi. Wabhala ngesipersi nesiazerbaijani, kwaye eminye imisebenzi yakhe yaguqulelwa kwezinye iilwimi ezifana nesifrentshi nesirashiya. I-biography yakhe yaba nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseazerbaijan.

Njani ulwimi azerbaijan?

Ulwimi lwesiazerbaijani lunesakhiwo esimbaxa. Lulwimi oluguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba longeza izimamva kwisiseko segama ukubonisa utshintsho kwintsingiselo. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-agglutination. Umzekelo," yaz - " (bhala) iba "yaz-m" (ndibhala). Iazerbaijani ikwabandakanya ukuvisisana kwezikhamiso, apho amagama kunye nezikhamiso kufuneka zivumelane ngezikhamiso ezithile ezisekwe kwindawo yazo kwigama. Iazerbaijani inamadoda amabini, amatyala amathathu kunye namaxesha asixhenxe.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwaseazerbaijani ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokuziqhelanisa nealfabhethi. I-Azerbaijani isebenzisa i-alfabhethi yesilatini esekelwe kwisilatini, equlethe iileta ezingama-33.
2. Fumana incwadi yesifundo okanye isikhokelo sokufunda kwi-intanethi ukuze ufunde iziseko zolwimi. Igrama, isakhiwo sesivakalisi, kunye nesigama zibalulekile ekuqondeni ulwimi.
3. Zikhuphelele eli khadi lomntu osebhayibhileni. Mamela ukurekhodwa kwe-Azerbaijani, bukela iividiyo kunye neemovie e-Azerbaijani, kwaye wenze umzamo wokuyithetha kwincoko.
4. Ziqhelise rhoqo. Qiniseka ukuba uhlolisisa uze wenze nantoni na oyifundileyo. Ukusebenza kwimithambo kunye nokuzibandakanya kwiingxoxo kunye nezithethi zomthonyama kuya kunceda ukuqinisa ulwazi lwakho.
5. Sebenza nomfundisi. Umhlohli unokukunceda ufunde ngesantya sakho kwaye uvavanye inkqubela yakho. Banokubonelela ngesikhokelo kwaye baphendule nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba unayo.
6. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ezikwi-intanethi. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifundo ezikwi-intanethi kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo ezinokuthi zongezelele izifundo zakho.

Ngaba ufuna umguquleli othembekileyo nothembekileyo? Ngeenkampani ezininzi zokuguqulela phaya, kunokuba nzima ukwazi ukuba loluphi olona khetho lufanelekileyo. Nasi isikhokelo sokukunceda ufumane umguquleli wasebosnia ofanelekileyo kwiprojekthi yakho.

Xa ujonga umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba banamava kwiiprojekthi zolwimi Lwasebosnia. Umguquleli wasebosnia kufuneka abe nomyalelo olungileyo wolwimi, ulwazi lwenkcubeko, kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhala. Xa usebenzisa inkonzo yokuguqulela, kuhlala kulungile ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayaziqonda iinkcukacha zolwimi Lwasebosnia-njengolwimi olwahlukileyo olufumaneka Ebosnia Naseherzegovina.

Ukuchaneka kubaluleke kakhulu xa uguqulela Ukusuka Kwisibosnia ukuya kwezinye iilwimi, njengoko kukho izinto ezininzi ezifuna ukubanjwa ngokuchanekileyo. Umguquleli olungileyo wasebosnia uya kuba nakho ukuthatha amabinzana e-idiomatic kunye nobuqili bolwimi, eqinisekisa ukuba isicatshulwa santlandlolo siguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka, khangela inkonzo enokubonelela ngesiqinisekiso somgangatho.

Ukuhanjiswa kwangexesha kukwayinto ephambili xa ukhetha umguquleli Wasebosnia. Kubalulekile ukuba ujonge ixesha lokutshintsha kwiprojekthi nganye yolwimi kwaye ufumane uqikelelo lokuba ingagqitywa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ukuba inkampani ayinakuzibophelela ekuhambiseni uxwebhu oluguqulelweyo ngomhla othile, kububulumko ukujonga kwenye indawo.

Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iindleko zenkonzo yokuguqulela. Nangona ixabiso akufanele libe yinto kuphela ekukhetheni umguquleli Wasebosnia, kulungile ukuthenga ngeenxa zonke ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana ixabiso elifanelekileyo lemali. Iindleko zokuguqulela zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubude kunye nobunzima boxwebhu, kunye nesibini solwimi.

Ngokuphanda ngokucokisekileyo iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zasebosnia, kufuneka ukwazi ukufumana umboneleli onokuthenjwa kwaye ohloniphekileyo ohlangabezana neemfuno zakho. Ngomguquleli ofanelekileyo, unokubathemba ukuba baya kuhambisa uxwebhu oluphezulu, ngexesha, kunye nexabiso elifikelelekayo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasebosnia?

Ulwimi Lwasebosnia luthethwa ikakhulu Ebosnia Naseherzegovina, kodwa lukwathethwa kwezinye iindawo Zaseserbia, Emontenegro, Ecroatia nakwamanye amazwe angabamelwane.

Lithini igama lolwimi Lwasebosnia?

Iingcambu zembali zolwimi Lwasebosnia (ekwabizwa Ngokuba Yibosniak, Ibosančica, okanye Iserbo-croatia) zintsonkothile kwaye zininzi. Ulwimi Yi-South Slavic ulwimi, ezifana yayo neighboring iilwimi, isicroatian kwaye isiserbia. Le nguqulo inemvelaphi yolwimi Lwasebalkan lwamaxesha aphakathi athethwa Ngamakristu Asebosnia kuloo Mmandla ebudeni Bamaxesha Aphakathi. Olu lwimi lwakhula ngokuthe ngcembe de lwaba lulwimi olwahlukileyo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, iingcali zeelwimi zasecroatia Naseserbia zasebenza kunye ukudala ulwimi olubhaliweyo oludibeneyo kuzo zonke iilwimi Zasemzantsi Slavic zommandla, nangona abanye bathi, ngenxa yoko, zonke iilwimi ezintathu ziye zathathwa njengeziyelelane zolwimi olufanayo, olubizwa Ngokuba Yiserbo-croatia.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980 nasekuqaleni kweyee-1990, Ibosnia Neherzegovina yabhengeza ukuzimela geqe Eyugoslavia. Oku kwakhokelela ekwandeni kobuzwe Phakathi Kwamabosnia, nto leyo eyabangela ingcamango "yolwimi Lwasebosnia." Olu lwimi lwadalwa ngokuphuhliswa kolwimi, njengokuqaliswa kwamagama amatsha kunye namabinzana athathwe kwisiarabhu, isiturkish kunye nezinye iilwimi.
Namhlanje, ulwimi Lwasebosnia lubonwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni Ebosnia Naseherzegovina kwaye lufundiswa ezikolweni, kunye nokuthethwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwabemi. Ukongeza kwiindidi eziqhelekileyo Zesibosnia, kukho ezinye iintlobo ezimbini Zesibosnia ezithethwa kwimimandla ethile yelizwe :štokavian Kunye Nekajkavian.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasebosnia?

1. Umatija Divković (ikhulu le-15) - icroatian humanist kunye nepolyglot owabhala isichazi - Magama Sokuqala Sasebosnia.
2. I – pavao Ritter Vitezović (i-17th century) - umbhali wasecroatia obizwa ngokuba ngumgangatho wolwimi Lwasebosnia kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Tractatus de origine et incrementis Slavorum Illyricorum".
3. Franjo Rački (ngenkulungwane ye-19) - umbhali-mbali wasecroatia, philologist nomphengululi Weslavic owabhala imisebenzi emininzi ngolwimi nenkcubeko Yasebosnia.
4. Uandrija Kacic Miosic (ngenkulungwane ye-19) - imbongi yasecroatia, umbhali nombhali wemidlalo yeqonga owaba negalelo kuphuhliso loncwadi lwangoku Lwasebosnia.
5. Ngo-agasti Cesarec (ikhulu lama-20) – imbongi yasecroatia, umbhali, ulwimi, umhleli kunye nompapashi owabhala amanqaku amaninzi kunye neencwadi ngolwimi Lwasebosnia kunye nenkcubeko.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi Lwasebosnia?

Ulwimi lwasemzantsi Slavic oluhambelana kakhulu nesicroatia nesiserbia. Ilandela inkqubo efanayo ye-phonological njengesicroatia nesiserbia, kodwa kunye nokungafani kwezikhamiso. Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Ebosnia Naseherzegovina kwaye ikwathethwa Emontenegro, Eserbia Nasecroatia. Igrama yayo isekwe ikakhulu kwiziyelelane ezibini eziphambili: ulwimi Lwasempuma Lweherzegovinia-Istrian kunye nesitokavia Sasentshona. Isakhiwo segrama Sasebosnia siquka ukubizwa kwesibizo, ukudibanisa isenzi, kunye nenkqubo entsonkothileyo yamaxesha asetyenziselwa ukubonisa iziganeko ezizayo, ezidlulileyo kunye nezikhoyo.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasebosnia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana incwadi esemthethweni okanye ezinye izinto. Khangela incwadi Yolwimi Lwasebosnia okanye izinto zezifundo ezenzelwe abafundi bolwimi. Ezi zixhobo zihlala zibonelela ngeyona ndlela ibanzi, eyakhiweyo yokufunda Ibosnia.
2. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ezikwi-intanethi. Zininzi iiwebhusayithi ezinezifundo zasimahla kunye nemisebenzi yokukunceda ufunde Ibosnia, Njengeduolingo, LiveMocha, Kunye Nememrise. Ukongeza, zininzi iipodcasts, iividiyo kunye neengoma ezikhoyo ukukunceda uziqhelanise.
3. Nxibelelana nesithethi somthonyama. Ukuba uyazi umntu othetha Isibosnia, lithuba elihle lokuphucula izakhono zakho zolwimi! Zama ukuthetha nabo rhoqo ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ukhululeke usebenzisa ulwimi.
4. Bukela Iifilimu zasebosnia kunye nomabonwakude. Ukuchitha ixesha ukubukela iifilimu ZASEBOSNIA kunye nemiboniso YETV yenye yeendlela ezikhawulezayo zokuphucula ukuqonda kwakho ulwimi. Qiniseka ukuba unikele ingqalelo kubizo kunye nesigama esitsha.
5. Hlala ukhuthazekile. Ukufunda ulwimi luhambo kunye nenkqubo. Zama ukuhlala ushukunyiswa kukuzibekela usukelo olusengqiqweni, uzivuze xa ufikelela kwisiganeko esibalulekileyo uze uqiniseke ukuba uyonwaba ngoxa ufunda.