Isigrike Isicroatian Guqulela

Njengenye yeelwimi zamandulo, inguqulelo yesigrike ibiyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonxibelelwano kangangeenkulungwane. Ulwimi lwesigrike lunembali ende kunye nefuthe elikhulu kwiilwimi zanamhlanje, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekileyo kunxibelelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Abaguquleli bamagrike badlala indima ephambili ekuvaleni umsantsa phakathi kweenkcubeko kunye nokubonelela ngokuchanekileyo kwentsingiselo yesicatshulwa.

Inguqulelo Yesigrike idla ngokwenziwa ukusuka kwisigrike Sale Mihla ukuya kolunye ulwimi. Ikwayenye yeelwimi eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa Kwizizwe ezimanyeneyo nakwimibutho yezizwe ngezizwe. Ngenxa yoko, imfuno yabaguquleli bamagrike iya isanda.

Isigrike lulwimi oluphucukileyo, oluneenguqu ezininzi zengingqi kunye nembali. Ngenxa yoko, abaguquleli abaziingcali kufuneka bakwazi ukuchonga amagama afanelekileyo ukudlulisela ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo okanye intsingiselo yesicatshulwa. Ngaphezu koko, bamele bahlale besexesheni ekuguquleleni kolwimi lwesigrike, ukuze baqinisekise ukuba iinguqulelo zabo zihlala zibalulekile yaye zinentsingiselo.

Ukongezelela ekuqondeni izinto ezintsonkothileyo zolwimi ngokwalo, abaguquleli bamele baqhelane nemibandela eyahlukahlukeneyo yenkcubeko – enjengesilamsi nezicatshulwa – ukuze bakwazi ukudlulisela kakuhle ithoni nendlela eqondwa ngayo imibhalo yantlandlolo. Ngokuxhomekeke kumongo, amanye amagama anokuba nentsingiselo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo ngolwimi olunye kunolunye.

Ngokubanzi, umguquleli olungileyo wesigrike unokuwenza wonke umahluko phakathi kweprojekthi ephumelelayo yamazwe ngamazwe nokungaqondani okubiza imali eninzi. Xa uqesha umguquleli, amashishini kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba asebenza nengcali enamava eqonda izinto zolwimi lwesigrike kunye nazo naziphi na iziyelelane zommandla.

Ekugqibeleni, inguqulelo yesigrike-xa yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo-isisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu sempumelelo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngeqabane elifanelekileyo, amashishini anokuqiniseka ukuba umyalezo wabo uya kudluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo, ebavumela ukuba bavale ukwahlukana kwenkcubeko kwaye baxhamle kwintsebenziswano esebenzayo yamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isigrike?

Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Egrisi Nasecyprus. Ikwathethwa ngabantu abancinci Ealbania, Ebulgaria, Emantla Emakedoni, Eromania, Eturkey Nase-Ukraine. Isigrike sikwathethwa linani elikhulu labaphambukeli kunye nabaphambukeli kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya Iunited States, Iostreliya Nasekhanada.

Yintoni isigrike sembali?

Ulwimi lwesigrike lunembali ende kwaye ityebile, luqala ngexesha Le-Mycenaean (1600-1100 BC), xa kwakuyindlela yokuqala Yesigrike. Isigrike samandulo yayilisebe losapho Lweelwimi Zase-Indo-European kwaye ithathwa njengesiseko sazo zonke iilwimi zanamhlanje Zaseyurophu. Iincwadi zokuqala ezaziwayo ezibhalwe ngesigrike samandulo zaqala ukubonakala malunga ne-776 BC ngohlobo lwemibongo kunye namabali. Ngexesha Leklasikhi (i-5th ukuya kwi-4th century BC), ulwimi lwesigrike lwacokiswa lwaza lwavuthwa lwaba luhlobo lwalo lwakudala, olusisiseko sesigrike sanamhlanje.
Isigrike sathethwa ngendlela ethile okanye enye kude kube yinkulungwane ye-5 AD, xa yatshintshela ngokugqithiseleyo kwifom ye-demotic, ehlala isetyenziswa namhlanje njengolwimi olusemthethweni Lwasegrisi. Ngexesha le-byzantine era (400-1453 AD), ulwimi oluphambili Kwi-Empuma Yamaroma yayilulwimi lwesigrike. Emva Kokuwa Kobukhosi Basebyzantium, isigrike sadlula ixesha lokuwa. Ngowe-1976, isigrike saba lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni. Namhlanje, isigrike sesinye sezona lwimi zithethwa Kakhulu Eyurophu, ezinezithethi ezimalunga nezigidi ezili-15 zomthonyama.

Ngoobani abantu aba-5 abaphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesigrike?

1. Uhomer-uthathwa njengoyise wolwimi lwesigrike kunye noncwadi, ogama lakhe, I-Iliad Kunye Ne-Odyssey, yimisebenzi esisiseko yoncwadi Lwasentshona.
2. Uplato-isithandi sobulumko samandulo kuthiwa sazisa iingcamango ezintsha, amagama namabinzana kulwimi lwesigrike.
3. U-Aristotle-Akazange abhale ngokubanzi malunga nefilosofi kunye nesayensi kwisigrike sakhe somthonyama, kodwa abanye bakholelwa ukuba wayengowokuqala ukuguqula ulwimi.
4. Uhippocrates-Owaziwa Ngokuba Nguyise Wezamayeza, wabhala kakhulu ngesigrike, enempembelelo enkulu kwisigama sezonyango.
5. Demosthenes - esi sithethi sikhulu sabhala ngenkuthalo ngolwimi, kuquka iintetho ezininzi, amazwi neminye imisebenzi.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwesigrike?

Ubume bolwimi lwesigrike buchaphazeleka kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama atshintsha ifom ngokwendima yabo kwisivakalisi. Umzekelo, izibizo, izichazi, kunye nezimelabizo kufuneka zincitshiswe ukuze zibonise inani, isini, kunye netyala. Izenzi zidibaniswa ukubonisa ukuqina, ilizwi kunye nomoya. Ukongeza, amagama angaphakathi adla ngokutshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kumongo afumaneka kuwo.

Indlela yokufunda isigrike ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thenga ikhosi elungileyo esisiseko ngesigrike: ikhosi elungileyo yokwazisa ngolwimi lwesigrike iya kukunika isishwankathelo solwimi kwaye ikufundise iziseko ezinje ngegrama, ukubiza, kunye nesigama.
2. Ukufunda ialfabhethi yesigrike linyathelo lokuqala lokuqonda amagama esigrike kunye namabinzana. Qiniseka ukuba ufunda oonobumba abakhulu nabasezantsi kwaye usebenzise ukubiza kwakho.
3. Funda amagama aqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana: zama ukukhetha amanye amabinzana aqhelekileyo esigrike kunye namagama. Oku kubandakanya imibuliso kunye namagama aluncedo such ngo" molo", "sala kakuhle", "nceda", "enkosi", " ewe "kunye no "hayi".
4. Mamela umculo wesigrike: Ukumamela umculo wesigrike kunokukunceda ekukhetheni ukubizwa, isingqisho kunye nentetho yolwimi. Ikwakunika indlela ephilayo yokufunda ulwimi, njengoko ikuveza kwiingxoxo zobomi bokwenyani kunye neemeko.
5. Ukuziqhelanisa nesithethi somthonyama: Ukuba unokufikelela kwisithethi somthonyama sesigrike, ukuziqhelanisa nolwimi kunye nabo kubalulekile. Ukuthetha ngokuvakalayo kunye nokuncokola ngesigrike kukuvumela ukuba ufunde ngokukhawuleza ulwimi kwaye ulungise naziphi na iimpazamo ozenzayo.
6. Bhalisela iklasi yolwimi: Ukuba awukwazi ukufikelela kwisithethi sesigrike somthonyama, ukubhalisela iklasi yolwimi yindlela enhle yokufunda ulwimi. Uya kungqongwa ngabantu abakwisikhephe esinye njengawe kwaye oku kuya kukunika ithuba lokuziqhelanisa kwaye ubuze imibuzo malunga nolwimi.
7. Funda uncwadi lwesigrike: Ukufunda uncwadi lwakudala nolwanamhlanje lwesigrike kuya kukunika ukuqonda kulwimi kwaye kukuvumele ukuba ufumane ukuqonda okunzulu kwezinto zalo.
8. Bukela iimovie ZESIGRIKE KUNYE nemiboniso YETV: Ukubukela iimovie ZESIGRIKE kunye nemiboniso YETV kuya kukuvumela ukuba ubonakale kulwimi kwincoko yemihla ngemihla ukuze uqale ukuqonda ukuba kuthethwa njani.
9. Thatha Uhambo Oluya Egrisi: indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda ulwimi kukuntywila kwinkcubeko nakwiindawo ezikufutshane. Ukuthatha Uhambo Oluya Egrisi kuya kukunika ithuba lokuziqhelanisa nolwimi kubomi bemihla ngemihla kwaye uthathe iziyelelane zommandla.

Uguqulelo Lwemalta lwenza ukuba abantu baqonde ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko Yasemalta, isiqithi Kulwandle Lwemeditera emazantsi Esicily. Ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwemalta Yimalta, ulwimi Lwesimitic olubhalwa kusetyenziswa oonobumba besilatini. Nangona Imalta ifana nesiarabhu, inomahluko othile, okwenza kube nzima kwabo bangengabo abathetha bomthonyama ukuba baqonde ngaphandle kwenguqulelo Yasemalta.

Imalta inembali ende, enokulandelwa Emva Kwamafenike namaroma. Kangangeenkulungwane, ezinye iilwimi ziye zaphembelela Ukuphuhliswa Kwesimalta, njengesitaliyane, isingesi nesifrentshi. Ngenxa yoku, kubalulekile ukufumana uguqulelo Lwesimalta ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo izinto zolwimi.

Xa kuziwa ekufumaneni uguqulelo oluchanekileyo Lwemalta, kukho iindlela ezininzi ezikhoyo. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule zinokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokutolika kuwo nawaphi na amaxwebhu okanye isicatshulwa, ukusukela kumaxwebhu oshishino ukuya kumaxwebhu asemthethweni kunye nonyango. Ukusebenza nenkonzo yokuguqulela ngobuchule kuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umbhalo uguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo, ugcina intsingiselo yoqobo kunye nenjongo.

Ukuba ujonga ukhetho olusebenzayo ngakumbi, kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi ezibonelela ngeenkonzo zokuguqulela kwi-intanethi. Ezi webhusayithi zibonelela ngeenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zeelwimi, kubandakanya Imalta. Nangona iinkonzo zokuguqulela kwi-intanethi zinokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo, zisenokungasoloko zibandakanya yonke into yenkcubeko. Ke ngoko, uguqulelo Lwemalta yedijithali lusetyenziswa ngcono kumaxwebhu alula kunye neetekisi.

Ekugqibeleni, kukho izichazi-magama Ezininzi Zesimalta-isingesi ezifumanekayo, zombini kwi-intanethi nakwifomu yokuprinta. Ezi zichazi-magama zinokukunika iinguqulelo ezichanileyo zamagama, kunye neengcebiso eziluncedo kwigrama kunye nokubiza amagama. Ngelixa iinguqulelo zesichazi-magama zinokuba luncedo, zihlala zilinganiselwe kububanzi kwaye akufuneki zisetyenziselwe amaxwebhu antsonkothileyo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lweenguqulelo Zesitaliyane ozifunayo, kubalulekile ukufumana isisombululo esifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule zinokukunika iinguqulelo ezichanileyo, ngoxa iinkonzo zokuguqulela kwi-intanethi nezichazi-magama zinokuba luncedo kwiinguqulelo ezisisiseko. Nokuba ukhetha ntoni, inguqulelo Yasemalta inokukunika ukuqonda okungcono kolwimi nenkcubeko Yasemalta.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasemalta?

Imalta ithethwa ikakhulu Emalta, kodwa ikwathethwa ngamalungu E-Diaspora Yasemalta kwamanye amazwe Afana Ne-Australia, Canada, Jamani, Italy, I-United Kingdom Kunye Ne-United states.

Yintoni Imbali Yolwimi Lwasemalta?

Ulwimi Lwasemalta lunembali ende kwaye eyahlukileyo, enobungqina obuqala emva kwenkulungwane ye-10 AD. Kukholelwa ukuba iguquke kwiilwimi Zesiculo-arabhu ezithethwa ngabahlali abavela Enyakatho Afrika Kwi-Middle Ages, ezaye ziphenjelelwa kakhulu yintaliyane, isifrentshi, ispanish nesingesi. Njengoko isiqithi Sasemalta sasilawulwa ngamagunya ahlukeneyo kwimbali yaso, ulwimi lwathatha amagama ahlukeneyo kunye namabinzana kwiilwimi zamagunya awayehlala kwesi siqithi. Ngenxa yoko, Imalta yenye yeelwimi ezizodwa Eyurophu, kwaye isichazi-magama sayo siqulathe izinto zazo zonke iinkcubeko ebeziyinxalenye yembali yayo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasemalta?

1) Umikiel Anton Vassalli (1764-1829): Owaziwa ngokuba "Nguyise Wolwimi Lwasemalta", Uvassalli wayengumfilosofi Wolwimi Lwasemalta, ifilosofi kunye ne-philologist owayengowokuqala ukulungelelanisa ulwimi Lwasemalta.
I-Dun Karm Psaila (1871-1961): imbongi kunye nembongi yokuqala yesizwe Yasemalta, Upsaila wabhala Kakhulu Ngesimalta kwaye wayenoxanduva lokongezwa kunye nokwandiswa koluhlu lwamagama amatsha kunye namabinzana ngolwimi.
3) Guze Muscat Azzopardi( 1927-2007): utitshala, ingcali yeelwimi, kunye nomfundi weencwadi Zasemalta, Uazzopardi wabhala ngokubanzi Ngesimalta, kunye nokuvelisa isifundo esikhulu solwimi kunye noncwadi lolwimi olusebenza njengesiseko solwimi lwangoku Lwasemalta.
U-Anton van Lear (1905-1992): umfundisi Wamajesuit, Uvan Lear wayengomnye wabantu abaphambili kwicandelo lolwimi Lwesimalta kunye noncwadi ngenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwaye unoxanduva lokudala inkqubo yopelo oluchanekileyo lolwimi.
Ujoe Friggieri (1936-2020): imbongi yasemalta kunye nombhali, Ufriggieri wabhala ngokubanzi ngesingesi Nangesimalta kwaye wayeligalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lolwimi lwangoku Lwasemalta, kunye nokuqwalaselwa njengomnye wababhali abaphambili kwimibongo Yasemalta.

Ulwakhiwo Njani ulwimi Lwemalta?

Isakhiwo Semalta sifana nesiarabhu, apho amagama akhiwa kwiingcambu ezintathu. Isakhiwo siphenjelelwa kakhulu sisifrentshi nesitaliyane, kunye nokongezwa kwenqaku eliqinisekileyo ngaphambi kwezibizo kunye nobukho bezifinyezo ezimbalwa zesilatini. Imalta inenombolo ephindwe kabini, okuthetha ukuba izibizo, izichazi kunye nezenzi zingafakelwa kwifom enye okanye ezimbini.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasemalta ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko zegrama Yasemalta kunye nokubiza amagama. Khangela izixhobo ze-intanethi kunye nezifundo ezichaza imigaqo yegrama, kunye nendlela yokubiza amagama ngokuqonda.
2. Fumana iqabane lokutshintshiselana ngolwimi okanye iqela onokuziqhelanisa nalo. Ukuthetha nomntu osele ethetha Nesimalta yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufunda.
3. Mamela unomathotholo Wasemalta, iimuvi kunye neenkqubo zikamabonwakude. Nika ingqalelo kulwimi kwaye uzame ukuphinda into oyivayo.
4. Sebenzisa usetyenziso olufana Neduolingo ukwenza isigama kunye negrama. Kungaluncedo ukuba ube nendlela ecwangcisiweyo yokuziqhelanisa nezakhono zakho zolwimi.
5. Yenza abahlobo Basemalta. Le yindlela efanelekileyo yokufunda ulwimi kuba iya kukunika iincoko eziyinyani, kunye nezithethi zomthonyama ezikulungele ukukunceda ufunde.
6. Ndwendwela Imalta, ukuba unako. Zifake kulwimi, inkcubeko kunye nabantu Basemalta. Uya kuthatha ulwimi ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngale ndlela!