Isimalay Kyrgyz Guqulela

Inguqulelo yesimalay: Isixhobo Esibalulekileyo Kumashishini

Kwimakethi yanamhlanje yehlabathi, ukufikelela kuguqulelo lweetekisi ngeelwimi ezininzi kubalulekile kumashishini afuna ukufikelela kubaphulaphuli bamanye amazwe. Uguqulelo lwemalay sisixhobo esinamandla esinokunceda amashishini ukuba aphule kwiimarike ezintsha kwaye asebenzise amathuba kumazwe kwihlabathi liphela.

Imalay, ekwabizwa Ngokuba Yimalaysia okanye Ibahasa Melayu, yinxalenye yosapho lweelwimi Lwase-Australia kwaye kuthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200 Emalaysia, Eindonesia, Esingapore nasebrunei. Ulwimi Olusemthethweni Emalaysia kwaye lulwimi olusemthethweni Ebrunei Nasesingapore. Ngenxa yoko, kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi ukuba amashishini akwazi ukubonelela ngamaxwebhu kunye nonxibelelwano Ngolwimi Lwasemalaysia.

Ukuba neenguqulelo ezichanekileyo ezimele ngokuchanekileyo isicatshulwa santlandlolo somthombo kubalulekile kulo naliphi na ishishini lokungena kumazwe athetha Imalay. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo oluguqulelweyo ludlulisela intsingiselo ekujoliswe kuyo ngokusondeleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Abaguquleli Abaqeqeshiweyo Basemalay basebenzisa ubuchule babo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iinguqulelo zichanekile kwaye zidlulisela umyalezo ofanelekileyo kubaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Ukusebenzisa abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo Besimalay kubalulekile kumashishini afuna ukuphumelela kwezi marike. Abaguquleli Basemalay banolwazi olunzulu ngolwimi kunye nenkcubeko enxulumene nalo kwaye baya kuba nakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo abalunikelayo luchanekile kwaye luyasebenza. Bayayiqonda imeko yenkcubeko kwaye banokunika iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokubonisa izimvo ngolwimi.

Ukuguqulela izicatshulwa Emalay kufuna ukuziqhelanisa nenkcubeko. Oku kubandakanya ukuqonda izinto zenkcubeko kunye nokulungelelanisa isicatshulwa ukuze silingane kwimeko yenkcubeko. Abaguquleli Abaqeqeshiweyo Basemalay baqhelene nendlela ezithile ezivakaliswa ngayo kulwimi yaye banokuziqhelanisa nesicatshulwa sabaphulaphuli abahlukahlukeneyo.

Ukuqukumbela, uguqulelo Lwemalay sisixhobo esinamandla kumashishini afuna ukufikelela kwiimarike ezintsha. Ngelixa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo zichanekile kwaye zisebenza, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele imeko yenkcubeko xa uguqulela izicatshulwa kulwimi. Abaguquleli Besimalay abanamava ngolwimi yaye banokunikela ngeenguqulelo ezichanileyo nezifanelekileyo ngokwamasiko. Ngoncedo lwabo, amashishini anokuqinisekisa ukuba banxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo kwaye bafumana umthombo kwiimarike zamanye amazwe.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasemalay?

Imalay ithethwa ikakhulu Emalaysia, Eindonesia, Ebrunei, Esingapore nakumazantsi Ethailand.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngabantu Basemalaysia?

Ulwimi Lwesimalay lulwimi Lwaseostreliya oluthethwa ngabantu Kusingasiqithi Wasemalay, indawo esemazantsi Ethailand kunye nonxweme olusemantla Esumatra. Ikwasetyenziswa Ebrunei, Empuma Yemalaysia nakwiindawo Zepilipinas. Kukholelwa ukuba Ulwimi Lwesimalay luvela malunga nekhulu lesi-2 BC, luneengcambu zalo kulwimi Lwesimalayoisipolynesia olwaqala ukusasazeka ukusuka kwindawo Yemalacca Straits. Owona mbhalo mdala owaziwayo Wasemalay, ofumaneka kwithebhulethi yelitye evela kwingingqi Yaseterengganu, ubuyela kunyaka we-1303 AD.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19th, Ulwimi Lwesimalay lwaziswa kwiikholoni Zasebritane Esingapore Nasepenang ngabarhwebi abavela Kusingasiqithi Wasemalay. Ngexesha lobukoloniyali, Ibrithani yavelisa uhlobo olubhaliweyo lolwimi olusekelwe kwi-dutch orthography, ebizwa Ngokuba Yirumi. Olu hlobo lokubhala lusasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumazwe athetha Imalay namhlanje.
Ngexesha lenkulungwane yama-20, Ulwimi Lwasemalay lwafumana ukubekwa emgangathweni ngeenzame Zedewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP), eliziko leelwimi Lesizwe Lasemalaysia. I-DBP iphuhlise ulwimi lwangoku loncwadi, olwaziwa ngokuba Yibahasa Malaysia namhlanje. Olu lwimi luye lwaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasemalaysia, kwaye luthethwa ngokubanzi Esingapore, Ebrunei, Empuma Yemalaysia nasepilipinas.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesimalay?

1. Raja Ali Hai-imisebenzi Yakhe idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ulwimi Lwesimalay.
2. Umunshi Abdullah-umphengululi odumileyo wenkundla Yasemalay wenkulungwane ye-19 owabhala U-Istilah-istilah Melayu (Amagama Asemalay).
3. Urosli Klong-wayenoxanduva lokuphuhliswa kolwimi lwangoku Lwesimalay, kunye nemisebenzi yakhe echaza ifom yayo esemgangathweni.
4. Izainal Abidin Ahmad - ekwabizwa Ngokuba Yipak Zain, wayeluncedo ekuveliseni imisebenzi enje Ngekamus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (Isichazi-Magama solwimi Lwesizwe Kunye Noncwadi) kunye Nemigangatho Yasemalaysian Bahasa Emalaysia.
5. Usman Awang - Imisebenzi Yakhe efana Nepantun Melayu (izibongo zemveli Zasemalay) zithathwa njengezakudala zenkcubeko Yasemalay.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngabantu Basemalaysia?

Ulwimi Lwesimalay lulwimi oluguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba lulandela ulwakhiwo apho amagama enziwe ngezinto ezizodwa ezenza iyunithi enye. Ezi zinto, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-morphemes, zinokuqulatha ulwazi malunga nentsingiselo, ubume kunye nokubiza igama, kwaye zinokongezwa, zisuswe okanye zitshintshwe ukuhambisa iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, igama elithi 'makan' lithetha 'ukutya', kodwa ukongezwa kwe-morpheme '- nya 'kutshintsha igama elithi 'makannya', elithetha 'yakhe' kunye nentsingiselo efanayo. Ubudlelwane begrama bubonakaliswa ngokuyinhloko ngokulandelelana kwegama endaweni yokungena, Kwaye Imalay inesakhiwo esicacileyo sesivakalisi.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesimalay ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda amagama asisiseko kunye namabinzana. Ziqhelanise nolwimi Lwesimalay ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezithandwayo ezinje ngezifundo ezikwi-intanethi, iincwadi, kunye neeapps zokufunda ulwimi.
2. Mamela iincoko okanye ubukele iimovie kwaye ubonise Emalay ukuze ufumane ukuqonda kokuhamba kolwimi kunye nesingqisho.
3. Ukubhala Kunye nokuthetha Ngesimalay kunye nesithethi somthonyama. Ungasebenzisa incoko exchange websites okanye ukufumana iqabane ulwimi.
4. Funda Imalay grammar kunye nemithetho. Funda iincwadi zezifundo, sebenzisa izifundo ezikwi-intanethi kunye nokuziqhelanisa.
5. Zicel ' umngeni ngokufunda iincwadi namanqaku abhalwe Emalaysia. Zama isandla sakho ekubhaleni amabali amafutshane okanye izithuba zeblogi Emalaysia.
6. Zigcine ukhuthazekile ngokuzibekela usukelo uze ulandele inkqubela yakho. Bhiyozela impumelelo yakho kwaye ungadangali xa usenza iimpazamo.
7. Fumana Malik kwezinye iilwimi. Fumana abahlobo abathetha Isimalay kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo. Ndwendwela Imalaysia okanye naliphi na ilizwe apho Kuthethwa Imalaysia.

Inguqulelo yasekyrgyz sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokunxibelelana nabantu kunye namashishini Ekyrgyzstan, ilizwe elikumbindi Weasia elikumda wekazakhstan Nechina. Kulabo abangaqhelananga Nesikyrgyz, lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasekyrgyzstan, nangona isirashiya sithetha ngokubanzi. I-Kyrgyz lulwimi Lwaseturkey, olwenza ukuba luhambelane neelwimi ezifana nesimongolia, isiturkish, isiuzbek nesikazakh.

Ukuba nabaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo abakwaziyo ukuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo amaxwebhu ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yeshishini kunye nobudlelwane bamanye amazwe. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zasekyrgyz zinokunceda ukuvala izikhewu zonxibelelwano phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, zinceda abantu Basekyrgyzstan baqondane ngcono kunye nehlabathi ngaphaya kwemida yabo.

Iinguqulelo zasekyrgyz zisoloko zisetyenziselwa amaxwebhu karhulumente, afana namaphepha asemthethweni kunye nemali, kunye neerekhodi zonyango, iikhontrakthi zoshishino, izinto zokuthengisa kunye nezixhobo zemfundo. Xa amaxwebhu okanye umxholo wewebhu kufuneka uguqulelwe okanye usuka Ekyrgyz, abaguquleli abaziingcali basebenzisa ulwazi lwabo lolwimi kunye nemeko yenkcubeko eyahlukileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka.

Amashishini ahlala ethembele kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela Zasekyrgyz ukulungiselela izicwangciso zokuthengisa zamazwe ngamazwe. Iinguqulelo zasekuhlaleni zinceda iinkampani ukuba zifikelele kwiimarike ezintsha, zenza kube lula ukuphuhlisa ubudlelwane obuqinileyo babathengi kunye nokwandisa ukuthengisa. Abaguquleli bafanele badlulisele ngokuchanileyo umyalezo wantlandlolo ngoxa beqwalasela ukungafani kweethoni, amasiko nezithethe.

Kwangaxeshanye, iinguqulelo zobuqu zinokunceda abafuduki kunye neembacu Ekyrgyzstan zidibanise ngokulula kwinkcubeko yazo entsha. Iinguqulelo zobungcali zamaxwebhu abalulekileyo kunye nezatifikethi zenza kube lula kwiintsapho ukuba zifumane ukufikelela kwezempilo, imfundo, kunye nezinye iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo.

Uguqulelo lwe Kyrgyz lubalulekile kuye nabani na osebenza Okanye ohlala Ekyrgyzstan, nokuba kungeshishini, imfundo, okanye izizathu zobuqu. Kubalulekile ukufumana umguquleli ofanelekileyo oqonda inkcubeko yelizwe ukuze aqinisekise ukuba amaxwebhu aguqulelweyo achanekile kwaye anengqondo yenkcubeko.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasekyrgyz?

Ulwimi Lwasekyrgyz luthethwa ikakhulu Ekyrgyzstan nakwezinye iindawo Ezikumbindi Weasia, kubandakanya emazantsi Ekazakhstan, Etajikistan, Euzbekistan, kumantla Eafghanistan, kwintshona yetshayina, nakwimimandla ekude Yeriphabhlikhi Yasealtai Yaserussia. Ukongeza, iipokotho ezincinci zabemi basekyrgyz zikhona Eturkey,Emongolia, Kunye Nepeninsula yasekorea.

Yintoni i-Kyrgyz language?

Ulwimi Lwasekyrgyz lunembali ende kwaye entsonkothileyo. Ulwimi Lwasempuma Lweturkey, oluvela kulwimi Lweproto-Turkic Oluvela Kumbindi Asia. Ubungqina obubhaliweyo bokuqala bolwimi bubuyela kwinkulungwane ye-8 Kwimibhalo Yesi-Orkhon, eyayibhalwe kwialfabhethi Yakudala Yaseturkey.
Ikyrgyz yayiphenjelelwa kakhulu ziilwimi Ezingabamelwane Zesiyghur nesimongolia. Ngenkulungwane ye-16, Ikyrgyz yaguquka yaba lulwimi loncwadi, yaye isichazi-magama sokuqala Sasekyrgyz sabhalwa ngowe-1784. Olu lwimi lwaqhubeka lukhula ebudeni benkulungwane ye-19, yaye ngowe-1944, Ikyrgyz yaba lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Lwasekyrgyzstan.
Ngowe-1928, kwaqaliswa Inkqubo yokubhala eyaziwa Ngokuba Yialfabhethi Emanyeneyo, eyayimisela inkqubo yokubhala yasekyrgyz. Ukususela ngoko, Ikyrgyz iye yaphuhliswa njengolwimi oluthethwayo nolubhaliweyo. Nangona oonobumba besilatini Nabesicyrillic ngoku besetyenziselwa uhlobo olubhaliweyo lwale mihla lolwimi, iskripthi sesiarabhu sisasetyenziselwa ukubhala imibhalo engcwele Ekyrgyz.
Namhlanje, Ikyrgyz ithetha ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 Ekyrgyzstan, Ekazakhstan, Etajikistan, Euzbekistan Nase China.

Ngoobani abantu aba-5 abaphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasekyrgyz?

1. Chingiz Aitmatov (1928-2008): Eyaziwa njengomnye wababhali abakhulu Basekyrgyz, wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ngolwimi Lwasekyrgyz kwaye ithathwa ngokuphuhlisa ifom yayo yoncwadi.
2. I-Cholponbek Esenov (1891-1941): uvulindlela wokuqala wolwimi Lwasekyrgyz, wabhala iphephandaba lokuqala Ekyrgyz kwaye wayengumvelisi owaziwayo wohlobo olubhaliweyo lolwimi.
3. I-Orosbek Toktogaziyev (1904-1975): omnye umntu obalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwenguqu yangoku yolwimi Lwasekyrgyz. Wabhala iincwadi ezininzi waza wanceda ekuphuhliseni ukusetyenziswa kwamagama kulwimi.
4. U-Alichan Eshimkanov (1894-1974): ingcali yeelwimi ebalaseleyo eyachitha ubomi bayo iphanda kwaye ibhala ngolwimi Lwesikyrgyz kunye neelwimi.
5. Uzimbek Beknazarov (1947-present): Ethathwa njengegunya kulwimi Lwesikyrgyz, wayenoxanduva lokuphucula ulwimi kunye nokudala amagama amatsha kunye neendlela zokubhala.

Njani ulwimi Lwasekyrgyz?

Ulwimi Lwasekyrgyz sisiturkic esahlulahlulwe saba ziilwimi ezintathu: Emantla, Kumbindi Nakumazantsi. Lulwimi oluguquguqukayo, oluthetha ukuba lwenza amagama antsonkothileyo ngokongeza izimamva kumagama engcambu. Kukho ugxininiso kwizimaphambili, kunokuba izimamva, ngolwimi Lwasekyrgyz, olunika isakhiwo esinengqiqo. I-kyrgyz ngokuqhelekileyo i-SOV (isihloko-into-isenzi) kwaye njengezinye iilwimi Zaseturkey, inesenzi-isakhiwo sokugqibela. Ulwimi lunomxholo wefonemic, apho izandi ezahlukeneyo okanye izandi zinokunika iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kumagama.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasekyrgyz ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko zolwimi. Unokufumana iikhosi ezininzi ze-intanethi okanye kwi-personal eziza kukwazisa kwizinto ezisisiseko Zasekyrgyz. Oku kubandakanya isigama esisisiseko kunye negrama kunye namabinzana aqhelekileyo kunye neenombolo eziphambili.
2. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama. Ukumamela incoko kunye nokurekhoda kwezithethi zomthonyama Zasekyrgyz kuya kukunceda ufumane ukuqonda okungcono kwendlela oluthethwa ngayo ulwimi.
3. Ziqhelise ukuthetha ulwimi kunye neqabane. Fumana umntu othetha Isikyrgyz kwaye uziqhelanise nokuncokola nabo usebenzisa ulwimi. Eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni izakhono zakho zokuncokola.
4. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezinje ngeencwadi, izichazi-magama kunye nezixhobo ezikwi-intanethi. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukunceda ufunde ulwimi lwakho. Oku kubandakanya iincwadi, izichazi-magama, iimbekiselo zegrama kunye nokunye.
5. Ungalibali ukuzonwabisa. Ukufunda ulwimi kufuneka kube mnandi. Yenza ixesha lokubukela iifilimu, ukufunda iincwadi kunye nokuzibandakanya kwimisebenzi ngolwimi. Oku kuya kwenza inkqubo yokufunda ibe mnandi ngakumbi kwaye ibe nomvuzo.