Isitshayina Irishname Guqulela

Inguqulelo Yesitshayina: Isikhokelo Esibanzi

I-China izele ngamathuba amashishini afuna ukuthumela ngaphandle iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zawo kwintengiso enkulu, ehlala ikhula. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobukhulu Be China kunye neelwimi zayo ezininzi, uninzi lwala mashishini lufuna iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasetshayina ezisemgangathweni. Kule nqaku, siza kubonelela ngesishwankathelo esibanzi senguqulelo Yesitshayina kwaye sixoxe ngezinye zezinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha umboneleli wenkonzo yokuguqulela.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwimi oluthethwa E-China. Isimandarin, ekwabizwa Ngokuba Yimandarin, lulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhlikhi Yabantu Base China kwaye lolona lwimi lusetyenziswa kakhulu kweli lizwe. Ezinye iindidi eziphambili zeelwimi zengingqi ziquka I-Wu (ulwimi lwengingqi yasejiangsu), Isicanton (ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasehong Kong Nasemacau), Kunye Nemin (ulwimi lwephondo Lasefujian). Zonke ezi ntlobo zolwimi ziqondakala ngokulinganayo ukuya kwinqanaba, kodwa kukho umahluko owaneleyo phakathi kwazo ukuze zifune iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo zokuguqulela.

Xa ukhetha umnikezeli wenkonzo yokuguqulela, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba baqhelene neentlobo zolwimi ozifunayo ziguqulelwe. Ababoneleli abaninzi banikezela ngeenkonzo zolwimi olubanzi, kodwa abanye bagxininisa kwiintlobo ezimbini okanye ezimbini zolwimi oluphambili. Kukwakho nokhetho lokuqesha umguquleli ozalelwe ngolwimi olunye kwaye aqeqeshwe ngobuchule kolunye – njengesithethi sendabuko Sasemandarin esikwaziyo ngesicanton.

Enye into ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhetha inkonzo yokuguqulela ngumgangatho wokuguqulela kwabo. Buza umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngemizekelo yomsebenzi wakho ukuvavanya ukuchaneka kunye nokungaguquguquki. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba umboneleli wakho ulandela ezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zeshishini ukuqinisekisa imigangatho ephezulu yomgangatho, njengokubonelela ngeelwimi zexesha lokwenyani ngobuchule bezifundo kwiprojekthi nganye.

Okokugqibela, amaxabiso yinto ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyigcine engqondweni xa ukhetha umboneleli ngenkonzo yokuguqulela. Ababoneleli abaninzi banikezela ngeephakheji zamaxabiso akhuphisanayo, abhetyebhetye kunye nezaphulelo kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu. Kubalulekile ukuba uxoxe ngohlahlo - lwabiwo mali kunye nomboneleli wakho kwaye uqiniseke ukuba iindleko zeprojekthi ziyinyani kwaye ziyafikeleleka.

Ukuqukumbela, uguqulelo Lwesitshayina lunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima kwaye unzima, kodwa ngomboneleli ofanelekileyo, unokuqinisekisa ukuguqulelwa okuchanekileyo nokuthembekileyo kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi. Ngokuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelwimi ezithethwa E-China, ukukhetha umboneleli wenkonzo yokuguqulela onikezela ngeenkonzo ezisemgangathweni, kunye nokuqwalasela amaxabiso, unokuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana eyona nguqulelo yesitshayina yeprojekthi yakho.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Isitshayina?

Isitshayina sithethwa E-China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Brunei, Philippines, nakwamanye amazwe anoluntu olukhulu Lwasetshayina.

Ziziphi iimbali Zamatshayina?

Ulwimi Lwasetshayina lolunye lweelwimi ezindala emhlabeni, kunye nembali ebhaliweyo ebuyela umva ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-3 500. Kukholelwa ukuba yavela kwiindlela zangaphambili Zesitshayina esithethiweyo kwaye inokulandelwa emva Kwe-Shang dynasty yamandulo (1766-1046 BC). Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, iilwimi ezahlukeneyo zaphuhliswa zaza zasasazeka kulo lonke ummandla, zikhokelela kulwimi oluqhelekileyo Lwesimandarin esiyaziyo namhlanje. Kuyo yonke imbali yayo, ukubhalwa Kwetshayina kuye kwaphenjelelwa kakhulu bububuddha Kunye Nobuconfucius, obuchaphazele kakhulu inkcubeko kunye noncwadi Lwasetshayina.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasetshayina?

1. Uconfucius (551-479 BCE): ifilosofi yasetshayina kunye notitshala ubizwa ngokuba ngumsunguli wesikolo Sokucinga Sikaconfucius, esiphembelele kakhulu inkcubeko yasetshayina kunye nolwimi.
2. Uzheng He( 1371-1435): umhloli wamazwe owaziwayo Wasetshayina kunye nomphathi, uhambo Lukazheng He lokuhlola lwaseka unxibelelwano oluhlala luhleli phakathi kwabantu Basempuma Ekude Nakumbindi Mpuma abasabalulekile kulwimi Lwasetshayina namhlanje.
3. I-Lu Xun (1881-1936): Ulu Xun wayengumlobi Wasetshayina kunye noguquko olwandise kakhulu ukusetyenziswa Kwetshayina yolwimi ngokuchaseneyo neendlela ezisemthethweni zolwimi, ezibeka isigaba Sesitshayina esibhaliweyo.
4. Mao Zedong (1893-1976): Mao Zedong yaba inkokeli yezopolitiko Chinese ovelise inkqubo Pinyin Romanization for the Chinese ulwimi, leyo revolution ukufundisa nokufunda zombini ethethiweyo kunye ebhaliweyo Chinese.
5. Zhou Youguang (1906-2017): Zhou Youuguang waba linguist kwaye entrepreneur abo kwaphuhliswa Isitshayina ulwimi alphabet, eyaziwa njenge Hanyu Pinyin, nto leyo ngoku umgangatho ulwimi ukufundisa Kwi-China.

Ulwakhiwo Njani Ulwimi Chinese?

Ulwimi lwesitshayina lulwimi lwetoni, oko kuthetha ukuba igama elifanayo linokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwithoni elithethwayo kuyo. I-Chinese nayo ilwimi yesilabhasi, kunye nesilabhasi nganye equlethe ingcamango enye epheleleyo okanye intsingiselo. Ukongeza, Ulwimi Lwesitshayina lwenziwe ngabalinganiswa (okanye i-hazi), abenziwe ngemivimbo nganye kunye ne-radicals.

Indlela yokufunda Isitshayina ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko: iitoni, ukubizwa, kunye neziseko zegrama Yasetshayina. 2. Chitha ixesha ufunda kwaye ukhumbule abalinganiswa abaqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana. 3. Ziqhelise yonke imihla ngekhosi ekwi-intanethi okanye isithethi somthonyama. 4. Mamela iipodcasts Zasetshayina okanye ubukele iimovie Zasetshayina ukuze uqhelane nokubizwa kwendabuko. 5. Fumana iqabane lokutshintshiselana ulwimi ukuze uziqhelanise rhoqo. 6. Ndwendwela Ichina okanye uye kwisikolo Solwimi Lwesitshayina ukuze uzicwilise ngolwimi. 7. Funda iincwadi, amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini Ngesitshayina. 8. Joyina uluntu lokufunda Ulwimi Lwasetshayina kwi-intanethi okanye ngokobuqu.

Uguqulelo lwaseireland yintsimi ekhethekileyo kwiilwimi ngenxa yohlobo olwahlukileyo noluntsonkothileyo lolwimi Lwaseireland. Olu lwimi luthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi eziyi-1.8 Eireland yaye olunye abamalunga nama-60 000 kwiindawo Zasebritani Nasemerika lulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabliki Yaseireland nolulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu abambalwa emntla Ireland.

Injongo yenguqulelo Yesi-Irish kukuhambisa ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yokubhaliweyo ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye. Oku kufuna ulwazi olubanzi lweelwimi zombini, kunye nemeko yenkcubeko, yentlalo kunye nezopolitiko. Ngokomzekelo, amagama nemiyalezo eyiyo isenokufuna iziyelelane ezithile ukuze kuguqulelwe ngendlela echanileyo.

Inguqulelo yesi-Irish ibandakanya iinkqubo zobugcisa kunye nezobugcisa. Izakhono zobugcisa zibandakanya ukuqonda igrama, isivakalisi kunye nemigaqo yokwakhiwa, kunye nokukwazi ukuhambelana nemigaqo-nkqubo yokuguqulela esungulwe. Iziko lezakhono zokuyila ngakumbi malunga nomsebenzi wokutolika kunye nokuhambisa umthombo ngendlela echanekileyo.

Abaguquleli baseireland abaqeqeshiweyo bahlala begxile kwicandelo elithile, njengeyeza, ubunjineli, amaxwebhu asemthethweni okanye ezemali. Abaguquleli kufuneka babe nolwazi oluqinileyo lomxholo abajongene nawo kunye nokutyibilika kuzo zombini iilwimi ezijoliswe kuzo kunye nemvelaphi.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zaseireland zifunwa ngenxa yokuba inani elikhulayo leetekisi Zaseireland, amaxwebhu kunye nezinye izinto ziguqulelwa kwisingesi kwaye ngokuchaseneyo. Oku kubandakanya iincwadi, iikhontrakthi, izinto zokuthengisa, amaphepha ewebhu, iincwadi zesoftware, umabonwakude kunye nonomathotholo kunye nokunye okuninzi.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba naziphi na iinguqulelo zenziwe yingcali efanelekileyo enesidanga okanye isatifikethi esifanelekileyo. Kwangelo xesha, imibutho kufuneka yazi iimfuno zolwimi ezithile zabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo kwaye uqiniseke ukuba iinguqulelo zibonisa oku.

Inguqulelo yesi-Irish yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba inkcubeko, ulwimi kunye nembali yabantu Base-Ireland zigcinwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye kwabelwana ngazo nehlabathi. Ikwanceda ekwakheni iibhulorho zamanye amazwe, ukwandisa ukuqonda kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isiireland?

Ulwimi Lwaseireland luthethwa kakhulu Eireland. Ikwathethwa kwiipokotho ezincinci Ebritane, Eunited States, Ecanada nakwamanye amazwe kwihlabathi liphela apho abantu belifa lase-Ireland bahlala khona.

Yintoni i-Irish ulwimi?

Ulwimi Lwaseireland (Igaeilge) lulwimi Lwesiceltic kwaye lolunye lweelwimi ezindala nezona zithethwa Kakhulu Eyurophu, ezinembali ebhaliweyo engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-2 500. Lulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhlikhi Yaseireland kwaye luthethwa zizigidi ezili-1.8 zezithethi Eireland, kunye nenye i-80,000 E-us, Ebritane Nasekhanada, kunye namanani amancinci kwamanye amazwe.
Iisampulu zokuqala ezaziwayo ze-irish ezibhaliweyo zivela malunga nekhulu le-4 AD, kunye nobungqina Be-Old Irish bukhona kwi-6th century. Ifom yokuqala erekhodiweyo ye-Irish ingqinwa kwimibhalo yamandulo yase-Ireland, Imithetho Yasebrehon, eyaqulunqwa kwinkulungwane ye-7 neye-8 AD. Nangona kunjalo, olu lwimi lwaqala ukuthatyathelw ' indawo Ngumbindi Weireland ngenkulungwane ye-11.
I-irish yanamhlanje yavela Kwi-Middle Irish kwaye ihlukaniswe ngokubanzi kwiilwimi ezimbini: Umunster (I-Mhumhain) Kunye Neconnacht (Connachta). Ngenkulungwane ye-19th, I-Irish ibilulwimi oluncinci kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe, kodwa amatsha-ntliziyo olwimi Lwase-Ireland andise iprofayile Yayo ngokuvuselelwa Kwegaelic ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 nasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Eli xesha labona uncwadi lweelwimi Zaseireland luchuma yaye lunomdla ngakumbi ekufundeni nasekuthetheni olo lwimi.
Ukusukela ngoko, inani lezithethi liye landa ngokuthe ngcembe, ngokusekwa kwezikhululo zikanomathotholo kunye nomabonwakude ezisasazwa Eireland, ukwaziswa kolwimi Lwase-Ireland njengesifundo kwikharityhulam zezikolo eziziiprayimari neziziisekondari, kunye nokuvuselelwa komdla kulwimi Lwase-Ireland nakwinkcubeko kule minyaka idlulileyo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwaseireland?

1. Udouglas Hyde (1860-1949): wayengomnye wabasunguli Be-Gaelic League ngo-1893 kwaye wasebenza ngokungakhathali ukukhuthaza ulwimi Lwase-Ireland, ebhala inani leencwadi kulo mbandela.
2. Useán Lúng (1910-1985): wayeyimbongi kunye nomphengululi obhale ngokubanzi malunga noncwadi kunye nolwimi Lwaseireland, kunye nokuba yenye yezona zinto zikhokelayo ekugcineni nasekukhuthazeni ulwimi.
3. Umáire Mhac i tSaoi (1920-2018): wayeyimbongi yaseireland kunye nombhali owabhala imisebenzi yakhe ngolwimi Lwaseireland. Umbongo wakhe odumileyo ubizwa ngokuba Ngu "Ceo Draíochta" ("Inkungu Eyimfihlakalo").
4. Upádraig Mac Piarais (1879-1916): wayengomnye wabalwi abaphambili bezopolitiko Eireland kwaye wayekwangummeli onamandla wolwimi Lwaseireland. Waphefumlela i-Irish revolution Kwi-Easter 1916 kwaye wayenokholo oluqinileyo kwisakhono sabantu Base-Ireland sokubuyisela ulwimi lwabo.
5. Ubrian Sic Cuív (owazalwa ngo-1939): ungumpolitiki Wase-Ireland osebenze Njengomphathiswa Woluntu , Emaphandleni Nasegaeltacht Affairs ukusuka ngo-1997-2011. Uye waba negalelo elikhulu ekuvuselelweni kolwimi Lwase-Ireland ngokwazisa amanyathelo afana Nomthetho Wegaeltacht kunye Nesicwangciso-Qhinga seminyaka engama-20 Solwimi Lwase-Ireland.

Uluphi ulwimi Lwase-Ireland?

Ulwimi Lwaseireland (ekwabizwa ngokuba Yigaelic okanye Igaelic Yaseireland) lulwimi Lwesiceltic olusebenzisa iilwimi ezininzi. Icwangciswe malunga ne-verb-subject-order order, kwaye ayinayo i-morphology ye-infectional. Ulwimi luyi-syllabic, kunye noxinzelelo lubekwe kwi-syllable yokuqala yegama ngalinye. Uluhlu olubanzi lweefom zomlomo kunye namagama zisetyenziselwa ukubonisa zombini izimvo ezilula kunye ezintsonkothileyo.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lwase-Ireland ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Zikhuphelele eli khadi lomntu osebhayibhileni. Mamela unomathotholo Waseireland kwaye ubukele imiboniso YETV yaseireland ukuze uqhelane nolwimi kunye nokubizwa kwalo.
2. Funda iziseko. Qala ngokufunda amanye amagama aqhelekileyo, amabinzana, kunye nemithetho yegrama. Uninzi lweeklasi zentshayelelo okanye iincwadi ziya kubandakanya ezi.
3. Ziqhelanise nezithethi zomthonyama. Yiya kwiiklasi Zaseireland, udibane nabantu abathetha ulwimi, kwaye uziqhelanise nokuthetha nabo. Unako kanjalo ukufumana i-intanethi incoko iibhodi okanye incoko amagumbi apho unako thetha native Isi-italian speakers.
4. Funda kwaye umamele iincwadi, amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini. Ukufunda iincwadi kunye nokumamela iincwadi ezirekhodiweyo Ngesi-Irish kunokukunceda ukuba uve ukuba ulwimi kufuneka luvakalise njani.
5. Phuhlisa uthando lwakho inkcubeko Irish. Ukufunda ulwimi kulula ukuba uzibhaptiza kwinkcubeko. Bukela iifilimu Zaseireland, ufunde uncwadi Lwaseireland kwaye uphonononge umculo Waseireland ukuze ufumane ukuqonda kwenkcubeko Yaseireland.
6. Ungaze uyeke ukuziqhelanisa. Ngoko ke, yonke imihla, ukuze ungalibali into oyifundileyo. Okukhona uziqhelanisa, kokukhona uya kuba ngcono!