Isixhosa Bulgarian Guqulela

Isingesi lolona lwimi luthethwayo kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye sisebenza njengebhulorho phakathi kweenkcubeko zabantu kwihlabathi liphela. Isidingo senguqulelo yesingesi siyanda, njengoko amashishini amaninzi nangakumbi, oorhulumente kunye nemibutho bayaliqonda ixabiso lokunxibelelana kwimiqobo yolwimi.

Inkqubo yokuguqulela isingesi ibandakanya ukuthatha uxwebhu lomthombo olubhalwe ngolunye ulwimi kwaye uliguqulele kolunye ulwimi ngaphandle kokuphulukana nentsingiselo yoqobo. Oku kunokuba lula njengokuguqulela ibinzana, okanye intsonkothile njengokudala inoveli yonke okanye ingcaciso edibeneyo kwiilwimi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.

Abaguquleli besingesi baxhomekeke kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwenguqulelo. Kufuneka babe nolwazi olunzulu lweelwimi zombini kwaye bakwazi ukutolika ngokuchanekileyo amagama ngentsingiselo kunye nomxholo. Ukongeza, iingcali zeelwimi ezijolise kwinguqulelo yesingesi kufuneka zibe nokuqonda okunzulu kwesigama senkcubeko, iindawo kunye namasiko.

Kuthatha iminyaka yokufunda kunye nokuziqhelanisa ukuba ngumguquleli wesingesi osebenzayo, kwaye abaninzi bakhetha ukulandela isatifikethi ngemibutho yabaguquleli okanye iiyunivesithi. Esi siqinisekiso asibonisi kuphela ubuchule babo, kodwa siqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi wabo uhlangabezana nemigangatho ethile yomgangatho kunye nokusebenza okubekwe ngumzimba oqeqeshiweyo. Ukuqinisekiswa kwakhona kunceda abaguquleli besingesi bahlale behlaziyekile kunye nophuhliso lwamva nje lweshishini.

Inguqulelo yesingesi sisakhono esibalulekileyo esivumela abantu abaneemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo ukuba banxibelelane kwaye babelane ngezimvo kunye namava. Njengoko ihlabathi liqhubeka likhula kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye lidibanisa, inguqulelo yesingesi yinto ebalulekileyo kwishishini, kwezentlalo nakwezopolitiko.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isingesi?

Isingesi lulwimi oluthethwa kakhulu kwaye lulwimi olusemthethweni kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya I-United States, I-United Kingdom, I-Canada, I-Australia, I-Ireland, I-New Zealand, Ijamaica, Kunye namanye amazwe Kwiziqithi Zecaribbean Nasepacific. Isingesi lulwimi olusemthethweni Eindiya, Epakistan, Kwiiphilippines, nakwamanye amazwe amaninzi Eafrika Naseasia.

Yintoni imbali yolwimi lwesingesi?

Ulwimi lwesingesi luneengcambu zalo Kusapho Lweelwimi Zasentshona Jamani, ekukholelwa ukuba luvela kukhokho oqhelekileyo wazo zonke iilwimi Zasejamani, Iproto-Germanic. Kucingelwa ukuba olu lwimi luye lwaphuhliswa phakathi kwe-1000 no-500 BC kwindawo ngoku eyinorthern Germany Kunye Nescandinavia.
Ukususela apho, kwavela iziyelelane Ezahlukahlukeneyo Zasejamani ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, ezinye zazo ekugqibeleni zaba Ngamangesi Namafrisian, isingesi Esidala Nesasaxon Esidala. I-Old English yayilulwimi oluthethwa Engilani kude kube malunga ne-1150 AD xa yaqala ukuguqukela kwinto ngoku ebizwa Ngokuba Yi-Middle English. Eli xesha lenguqu liphawulwe ngokuqaliswa kwamagama asefransi awamkelwa njengenxalenye Yenorman Conquest ngo-1066.
Ngexesha Likachaucer ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1300, isingesi Esiphakathi sasilulwimi oluphambili Lwasengilani kwaye sachukunyiswa kakhulu sisifrentshi nesilatini. Ekuqaleni kwee-1500, olu hlobo lwesingesi luye lwaguquka lwaba lulwimi olwamkelekileyo nolwamkelekileyo namhlanje Njengesingesi Sokuqala.
Isingesi samandulo Samanje sasingafani kwihlabathi lonke, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwahlukile kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla. Umzekelo, isingesi sokuqala Sasemelika saqala ukwahluka kakhulu kwisingesi sasebritane ngenkulungwane ye-17.
Namhlanje, amagama amaninzi amatsha kunye namabinzana afakiwe kulwimi lwesingesi ngenxa yeenguqu ezinkulu zenkcubeko kunye nezobuchwepheshe ukususela Kwi-Industrial Revolution. Ukongeza, itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lwehlabathi evelayo kunye nokuhamba okwandayo kwamazwe aphesheya kuye kwakhokelela ekwamkelweni kwee-neologisms ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, isingesi siye saba lolona lwimi lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesingesi?

1. Uwilliam Shakespeare - oyena mdlali odumileyo kwisingesi, Ushakespeare ubizwa ngokuqulunqwa kwamawaka amagama kunye namabinzana asasetyenziswa namhlanje.
2. Ugeoffrey Chaucer-omnye wababhali bokuqala owaziwayo ukuba abhale Ngesingesi Esiphakathi, imisebenzi yakhe ithathwa ngokunceda ukulungelelanisa ulwimi.
3. Usamuel Johnson-Obizwa Ngokuba nguyise weencwadi zesingesi, waqulunqa isichazi-magama sokuqala esibanzi sesingesi.
4. Ujohn Milton - Umbongo Wakhe obalaseleyo Iparadesi Elahlekileyo yenye yezona zinto zinempembelelo kwimibongo yesingesi.
5. Uwilliam Tyndale-oyena mntu uphambili Kwinguqulelo yesingesi, wayengumntu wokuqala ukuguqulela Ibhayibhile ngesingesi isuka kwimithombo yayo yantlandlolo yesihebhere neyesigrike.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwesingesi?

Isingesi lulwimi lokuhlalutya, oko kuthetha ukuba luphula amagama kwi-morphemes nganye, okanye iiyunithi ezinentsingiselo. Isebenzisa umyalelo wegama, kunokuba isini segrama okanye ukuphela, ukubonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwamagama kwisivakalisi. Isingesi sinomzekelo oqinileyo we-syntax, kunye nomxholo-isenzi-into-umyalelo kwizivakalisi zayo. Ukongeza, isingesi sisebenzisa umyalelo ochanekileyo wesibizo xa izichazi ezininzi zisetyenziselwa ukuchaza isibizo esisodwa.

Indlela yokufunda isingesi ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Yenza isicwangciso. Thatha isigqibo sokuba zingaphi iiyure ngeveki onokuzinikezela ekufundeni isingesi, kwaye ufuna ukuchitha ixesha elingakanani kumsebenzi ngamnye.
2. Qala ngeziseko. Funda igrama nesigama esisisiseko esifunekayo ukuze uqalise ukuthetha nokuqonda ulwimi.
3. Iittala teema. Zama ukufumana iindlela zokuzijikeleza ngolwimi. Bukela iimuvi, umamele iingoma kunye neepodcasts, kwaye ufunde iincwadi kunye neemagazini ngesingesi.
4. Thetha nabantu. Cinga ngokujoyina iklasi yencoko okanye uluntu oluku-intanethi ukuze uziqhelanise nesingesi sakho kunye nezithethi zomthonyama.
5. Thatha izifundo online. Zininzi iikhosi ezikwi-intanethi kunye nezifundo ezinokukunceda ufunde isingesi ngendlela ehleliweyo neyonwabisayo.
6. Ziqhelise rhoqo. Bekela bucala ixesha lokuziqhelanisa nokuthetha nokubhala isingesi yonke imihla. Nokuba yimizuzu embalwa kuphela, qiniseka ukuba unamathela kwishedyuli yakho kwaye uqhubeke nokuziqhelanisa.

Ukwazisa

Ibulgaria inolwimi olwahlukileyo kunye nenkcubeko exabiseke kakhulu. Isibulgaria lulwimi Lwaseslavic Kwaye sithethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-9 emhlabeni jikelele. Kule minyaka idlulileyo, iye yathandwa phakathi kwabantu abahlala ngaphandle Kwebulgaria abanomdla wokufunda ulwimi kunye nokusebenzisa izibonelelo ezininzi ezinikezelayo. Ngokunyuka kokudityaniswa kwehlabathi kunye nokwanda konxibelelwano phakathi kwamazwe, ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela zasebulgaria kuye kwabaluleka ngakumbi.

Imbali Yenguqulelo yasebulgaria

Ulwimi lwasebulgaria lubuyela kwinkulungwane ye-9 xa lwaziswa Ngamaproto-Bulgarians njengenxalenye yokwandiswa kwabo kulo mmandla. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ibulgaria yaqala ukusasazeka kwaye ekugqibeleni yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwenqununu Yasebulgaria ngo-1878. Emva Kwemfazwe YEHLABATHI II, ulwimi lwaqhubeka luguquka kwaye lwaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhlikhi Yabantu Basebulgaria ngo-1946.

Namhlanje, isibulgaria lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasebulgaria kwaye lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwe-European Union. Kuthethwe ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-11 Ebulgaria nakwezinye iindawo Kwiibalkans nakwimimandla emininzi yabaphambukeli kwihlabathi liphela. Ngenxa yoko, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zifunwa kakhulu ukwenzela ukubonelela unxibelelwano olusebenzayo phakathi kwabantu abathetha iilwimi ezahlukeneyo.

Iingenelo Zenguqulelo yesibulgaria

Ukuguqulela amaxwebhu kwibulgaria kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kumashishini anabathengi okanye amaqabane athetha ulwimi. Ukuguqulela izinto zentengiso kunye neewebhusayithi kwibulgaria kunokunceda iinkampani ukuba zifikelele kubaphulaphuli ngokubanzi kwaye zakhele ubudlelwane nabathengi abanokubakho kulo mmandla. Inokunceda amashishini ukuba akhe ukuthembana phakathi kwabantu ekujoliswe kubo ngokudlulisa umyalezo wokuba bayaluqonda kwaye bayaluhlonipha ulwimi nenkcubeko yabantu abazama ukufikelela kubo. Ngokufikelela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo, amashishini anokufumana ukuqonda okungcono kwabathengi bawo kunye nokwandisa amathuba okuphumelela kwimarike yasebulgaria.

Ngaphezu koko, ngokwanda kwenani labaphambukeli abavela Ebulgaria, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zinokunceda ekuququzeleleni unxibelelwano olulula phakathi kwabantu abavela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukuguqulela amaxwebhu ezonyango, izivumelwano, kunye nezinye iifom ezisemthethweni ebulgaria kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu obandakanyekayo uyaluqonda olu xwebhu kwaye lwaziswa ngokuchanekileyo. Ekugqibeleni, ukuguqulela amaxwebhu kwisibulgaria kunokunceda ukugcina ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko yabantu abathetha isibulgaria.

Isiphelo

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasebulgaria zifunwa kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kokudityaniswa kwehlabathi kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwamazwe. Ezi nkonzo zinokuba luncedo kumashishini ajonge ukufikelela kubaphulaphuli ababanzi kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane nabathengi abanokubakho kwingingqi, kunye nabaphambukeli abafuna uncedo lokuququzelela unxibelelwano olulula phakathi kweenkcubeko. Ukongeza kwezi zibonelelo zisebenzayo, ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo kunokunceda ukugcina ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko yabantu abathetha isibulgaria.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isibulgaria?

Ulwimi lwesibulgaria luthethwa ikakhulu Ebulgaria, kodwa ikwathethwa nakwamanye amazwe afana Neserbia, Imontenegro, Emantla Emacedonia, Iromania, Iukraine, Neturkey, kunye noluntu oluncinci lwasebulgaria kwihlabathi liphela.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesibulgaria?

Ulwimi lwesibulgaria lunembali ende kwaye eyahlukileyo. Kukholelwa ukuba yaziswa kuqala kwingingqi yasebulgaria yanamhlanje ngekhulu le-7 AD Yibulgars, eyayingabantu Baseturkey abahlala kwindawo ngoku eyirussia. Ulwimi ababeluthetha lwalubizwa Ngokuba Yi-Old bulgaria okanye I-Old Chuvash, kwaye kukholelwa ukuba luvela kwiilwimi ezithethwa Yi-Huns, eyayihlasele le ndawo ngekhulu le-4.
Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, ulwimi Lwebulgars ludityaniswe neelwimi Zeslavic zabantu bomthonyama, ngakumbi Impuma Yeslavic iilwimi, kubandakanya imacedonia nesiserbia. Lo mxube waziwa Ngokuba sisibulgaria Samaxesha Aphakathi, esasineefom ezimbini ezibhaliweyo: Islavonic Yecawa, ulwimi loncwadi olusetyenziswa Yicawa Yobuothodoki, kunye nolwimi loncwadi lwesibulgaria, olwavela kuhlobo oluthethwayo lwesibulgaria.
Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwesibulgaria sanamhlanje luye lwavela, luthathe Indawo Yecawa Yeslavonic kunye nolwimi lokubhala lwasebulgaria. Ukutyhubela inkulungwane ye-19 neye-20, ulwimi lwasebulgaria lwaphuculwa kakhulu, ekugqibeleni lwaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhlikhi yanamhlanje Yasebulgaria ngo-1945.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesibulgaria?

1. Ucyril Nomethodius 2. Tsar Simeon Wasebulgaria 3. Paisius ka Hilendar 4. Ukonstantin Wasepreslav 5. Ivan Shishman wasebulgaria

Uluphi ulwimi lwasebulgaria?

Ubume bebulgaria bufana nolunye ulwimi Lweslavic. Lulwimi olusebenzayo, olunezibizo kunye nezichazi ezineziphelo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwazo kwisivakalisi. Izenzi nazo zineziphelo ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwixesha kunye nomntu. Njengezinye iilwimi Zeslavic, ibulgaria inamatyala amathandathu kwizibizo, izimelabizo, kunye nezichazi: ukutyunjwa, ukutyhola, i-dative, i-instrumental, prepositional, kunye ne-vocative. Umyalelo wegama ngokuqhelekileyo Isihloko-Isenzi-Into kodwa ingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo sesivakalisi okanye ugxininiso.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasebulgaria ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thatha Ikhosi Yolwimi lwasebulgaria: Ukuthatha ikhosi yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokufunda isibulgaria. Ukuze ufumane okuninzi kwikhosi yakho, qiniseka ukuba uya kuzo zonke iiklasi kwaye uthathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo.
2. Sebenzisa Izixhobo Ezikwi-Intanethi: zininzi izibonelelo ezibalaseleyo ezikwi-intanethi ezifumanekayo ukukunceda ufunde isibulgaria. Iisayithi ezininzi zibonelela ngezifundo ezisebenzisanayo kunye nemisebenzi, amaphepha okusebenzela akhutshelweyo kunye neefayile zomsindo, kunye neenkcazo ezineenkcukacha zemithetho yegrama. Ezinye websites nkqu kunikela live incoko kunye native isijamani speakers.
3. Zenzele: Ukuntywiliselwa kubalulekile ekufundeni ulwimi. Zama ukufumana abahlobo basebulgaria okanye uzibhaptize kwinkcubeko Yasebulgaria. Mamela unomathotholo wasebulgaria kwaye ubukele iimovie zasebulgaria, mamela umculo kwaye ufunde iincwadi ngesibulgaria kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
4. Ukuziqhelanisa, Ukuziqhelanisa: Nje Ukuba ufunde iziseko, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyenzile kukuqhubeka nokuziqhelanisa! Qiniseka ukuba uthetha isibulgaria kangangoko kunokwenzeka kunye nezithethi zomthonyama kwaye usebenzise izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi ukugcina inkqubela yakho.