Udmurt Macedonian Guqulela

Uguqulelo lwe-Udmurt yinkqubo yokuguqulela itekisi ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kulwimi Lwe-Udmurt. Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt lulwimi Lwasefinno-Urgic oluthethwa ngabantu Base-Udmurt abahlala Kwiriphabhlikhi Yase-Udmurt, e-central Russia. Olu lwimi lunembali etyebileyo nenkcubeko, kwakunye nokuba lulwimi olusemthethweni Kwiriphabliki Yase-Udmurt. Nangona olu lwimi lusenokugqalwa njengolungamelwanga kakuhle kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, luselulwimi olubalulekileyo kwabo bazalelwe kuloo ndawo okanye banomdla kulwimi, kwinkcubeko nakwimbali yabantu Baseudmurt.

Xa kuziwa ekuguquleleni Kwe-Udmurt, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo ezisemgangathweni zenziwa. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa abaguquleli beelwimi abanamava, abanolwazi ngomxholo wolwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Umguquleli kufuneka akwazi ukuqonda igrama, upelo, kunye nesemantiki yolwimi ukuze enze iinguqulelo ezichanekileyo. Ukongeza, kufuneka bakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo ukwandisa kunye nokubaluleka kwamagama ukuqinisekisa ukuba isicatshulwa sisondele kwintsusa kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Inguqulelo ye-Udmurt inokunceda ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kweenkcubeko kwaye inike abantu abavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ithuba lokuqondana. Oku kunokusetyenziswa phantse kuyo nayiphi na intsimi, kubandakanya ishishini, uncwadi, kunye nemithombo yeendaba. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda ukugcina inkcubeko kunye nembali yabantu Base-Udmurt ngokuvumela amabali abo kunye namazwi ukuba aviwe ngabaphulaphuli abakhulu.

Ngokubanzi, inguqulelo Ye-Udmurt inokuba sisixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu sokuqonda ulwimi nenkcubeko yabantu Base-Udmurt. Ngokuqonda itekisi Ye-Udmurt, inokunika abaphulaphuli abaninzi ithuba lokuxabisa nokufunda kulwimi kunye nenkcubeko yabantu Base-Udmurt. Ukongeza, inokuba yindlela entle yokukhuthaza ukuqonda phakathi kweenkcubeko kunye nokufunda ngakumbi malunga nomnye.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt?

Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt luthethwa ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yase-Udmurt, ekwingingqi Yevolga yaserussia. Ikwathethwa kwiindawo ezincinci kwezinye iindawo Zaserussia, nakumazwe angabamelwane afana Nekazakhstan, Ibelarus Kunye Nefinland.

Yintoni imbali Ye-Udmurt language?

Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt lilungu le-Uralic language family kwaye luhambelana kakhulu neelwimi Zasefinno-Urgic. Kuthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nama-680,000, ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yase-Udmurt (Erashiya) nakwindawo ejikelezileyo. Ifom yayo ebhaliweyo yabhalwa ngenkulungwane ye-18 ngabefundisi Bobuothodoki baserashiya, abenza inkqubo yokubhala esekelwe kwialfabhethi Yesicyrillic. Le nkqubo yokubhala yandiswa yaza yaphuculwa ebudeni benkulungwane ye-19 neyama-20, nto leyo eyakhokelela kulwimi olubhaliweyo lwale mihla. Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt lusasetyenziswa namhlanje kwimimandla enabantu Base-Udmurts, kunye nokufundiswa ezikolweni nakwiiyunivesithi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwe-Udmurt?

1. Vasiliy Ivanovich Alymov-linguist kunye nombhali wemisebenzi emininzi kulwimi Lwe-Udmurt, owabhala igrama ecacileyo yolwimi kwaye wamisela imigaqo emininzi kunye neendibano ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje.
2. Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov-Umphengululi kunye nombhali imisebenzi emininzi ulwimi Udmurt nenkcubeko, kuquka igrama ebanzi ulwimi kunye nezifundo kwisakhiwo udmurt poetry.
3. Nina Vitalievna Kirsanova-Rodionova - i innovator entsimini Udmurt ebhaliweyo, wabhala iincwadi zokuqala ngolwimi wadala dictionary yokuqala Ukrainian-Udmurt.
4. Umikhayl Romanovich Pavlov-Owaziwa ngegalelo lakhe elikhulu kwintsimi yolwimi Lwe-Udmurt, uncwadi kunye neentsomi, wayengomnye wabantu bokuqala ukurekhoda nokubhala iingoma zomthonyama zommandla.
5. U-Olga Valerianovna Fyodorova - Lozhkina-omnye wabantu bokuqala ukufunda ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko Ye-Udmurt, wapapasha amaphephandaba olwimi lokuqala Lwe-Udmurt kwaye wabhala igrama kunye nezinye izinto zemfundo.

Ulwakhiwo njani Ulwimi Udmurt?

Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt lulwimi Lwe-Uralic, olunxulumene kakhulu nesifinnish nesi-estonia, kwaye yabelana ngokufana kunye neelwimi Zekomi-Zyryan Kunye Ne-Permic. Ubume bayo bubonakaliswa yi-agglutinative morphology, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama ayenziwa ngokudibanisa kunye ukudibanisa iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kunye neekhonsepthi. Ulwimi lunemvisiswano yesikhamiso kunye nenkqubo entsonkothileyo yezibizo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesenzi kunzima kakhulu, ngeemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo, iinkalo, kunye nokuqina, kunye nomahluko osisiseko phakathi kweefom ezigqibeleleyo nezingafezekanga.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokuziqhelanisa nolwimi. Funda malunga nealfabhethi kunye nokubiza amagama kwaye ufumane ukuqonda okuyisiseko kwegrama.
2. Funda kwaye umamele imithombo Ye-Udmurt yemveli. Mamela iindaba zendawo kwaye ungene kumculo kunye neenkqubo ZETV ngolwimi.
3. Thetha kwaye ubhale Kwi-Udmurt. Fumana iqabane lolwimi okanye usebenzise iiforamu ezikwi-intanethi kunye namagumbi okuncokola ukuziqhelanisa.
4. Thatha ikhosi ulwimi Udmurt. Kukho amaziko olwimi ezininzi ezifundisa izifundo Ulwimi Udmurt kwaye ungafumana kubo online.
5. Zibhokoxe kwinkcubeko nakulwimi lwakho. Ndwendwela Udmurtia kwaye uthethe nezithethi zomthonyama ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngeelwimi zalapha kunye nenkcubeko.

Inguqulelo yasemacedonia yinkonzo eyimfuneko eqeshiweyo xa ujonge ukunxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo ngolwimi lwasemacedonia. Ulwimi Lweslavic, oluthethwa kakhulu Emantla Emakedoni kwaye lolunye lweelwimi ezisemthethweni zelizwe. Abantu bahlala befuna iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasemacedonia xa befuna ukunxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo nangempumelelo nabathengi, oogxa, okanye amaqabane oshishino ngolwimi.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasemacedonia zinikezelwa ziinkampani ezininzi zokuguqulela ezijolise ekuguquleleni amaxwebhu, iiwebhusayithi, kunye nezinye izinto kwisimacedonia. Abaguquleli abaziingcali banokuguqulela zonke iintlobo zamaxwebhu, kubandakanya amaxwebhu asemthethweni nawemali, ukuthengisa okanye izinto zeshishini, amaxwebhu obuchwephesha kunye nokunye. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zinokudala umxholo wendawo kubaphulaphuli abathetha imacedonia. Xa kuziwa ekuhlaleni kwewebhusayithi, abaguquleli abaziingcali baqinisekisa ukuba iwebhusayithi eguqulelweyo ijongeka kwaye ivakalelwa njengomthombo wokuqala. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzisi banamava amnandi xa bekhangela iwebhusayithi ngolwimi lwabo lwenkobe.

Uguqulelo oluchanileyo nolusebenzayo lwesimakedoni lufuna ulwazi olunzulu ngolwimi nenkcubeko yalo. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo basebenzisa inkqubo engqongqo yokukhetha ngaphambi kokuba baqeshwe ukugqiba iprojekthi yokuguqulela. Le projekthi ikwajongwa ngocoselelo ngabahleli ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka. Abaguquleli abaziingcali baqhelene nemibono yolwimi, enceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba inguqulelo ayichananga nje kuphela, kodwa ikwafanelekile ngokwenkcubeko.

Ukuqesha umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo wasemacedonia kunokuba luncedo xa kufikwa ekudaleni ubukho obunempumelelo bamazwe ngamazwe. Iinguqulelo ezenziwe yingcali zicacile kwaye zibanzi, zinceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wakho ufika ngokucacileyo kwaye ngaphandle kokungaqondani. Ukutyala imali kwingcali umguquleli wasemacedonia linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa ukuba uxwebhu lwakho okanye iwebhusayithi iguqulelwe ngokufanelekileyo kulwimi ekujoliswe kulo. Ikwabonisa ukuba ukhathalele ukubonelela ngeemveliso ezisemgangathweni okanye iinkonzo kubaxumi bakho abathetha isimacedonia.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasemakedoni?

Ulwimi lwasemakedoni luthethwa ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasemantla Emacedonia, Eserbia Nasealbania. Ikwathethwa nakwimimandla Yasebulgaria, Egrisi Nasemontenegro, nakwimimandla yabaphambukeli Eostreliya, Ekhanada, Ejamani Naseunited states.

Liliphi igama lemakedoni livela phi?

Imbali yolwimi lwasemakedoni inokulandelwa emva kwekhulu le-9 AD xa yayisetyenziswe ngendlela Yolwimi Lwakudala Lwesislavonic. Ngeli xesha, ezininzi iilwimi ezikhoyo zasebulgaria Nasemontenegrin zazalwa. Ngenkulungwane ye-11, Islavonic Endala Yecawa yavula ulwimi Lwasemacedonia. Ngexesha Le-Ottoman, ulwimi lwaphenjelelwa ngamagama aseturkey nesiarabhu. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, emva kokusekwa Kwebulgaria Exarchate, kwavela inguqulelo esemgangathweni yolwimi ngoku eyaziwa njengolwimi lwasemacedonia lwangoku. Emva Kwemfazwe Yasebalkan ka-1912-13, imakedoni yabhengezwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni lobukumkani baseserbia, obathi kamva baba Yiyugoslavia. Emva KWEMFAZWE YEHLABATHI II, Imacedonia yazibiza ngokuba yiriphabliki yaza ngoko nangoko yamkela imacedonia njengolwimi lwayo lwaseburhulumenteni. Oku kwamkelwa ngokusesikweni ngo-1993 ngokusekwa Kweriphabhlikhi Yasemakedoni.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasemakedoni?

1. Ukrste Misirkov (1874-1926) - ingcali yeelwimi kunye nefilosofi eyabhala incwadi Malunga Nemicimbi yasemacedonia, ebizwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi wokuqala wokubhala ngokubhala ulwimi lwasemacedonia.
2. U-Kuzman Shapkarev (1880-1966) - umphengululi ophando olunzulu ngolwimi lwasemacedonia waseka isiseko solwimi olusemthethweni lwasemacedonia lwanamhlanje.
3. Blaže Koneski (1921-1993) - a linguist nembongi owayeyintloko yesebe ulwimi Macedonian Kwi Institute of Literature Macedonian E Skopje yaye omnye abayili eziphambili ulwimi Macedonian mihla.
4. Ugjorgji Pulevski (1892-1966) - i-polymath kunye nomphengululi owabhala incwadi yokuqala epheleleyo yegrama ngolwimi lwasemacedonia waza waqulunqa imithetho yayo emininzi.
5. U-Koco Rain (1908-1943) - imbongi ebonwa njengoyise weencwadi zanamhlanje zasemacedonia. Wabhala eminye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu esebenzisa ulwimi lwasemacedonia kwaye ngumntu obalulekileyo kwimbali yesizwe nakwinkcubeko yayo.

Njani ulwimi lwasemakedoni?

Ulwimi lwasemacedonia lulwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic, kwaye ulwakhiwo lwayo luyafana nolunye ulwimi kusapho olufana nesibulgaria Nesiserbo-croatia. Inomyalelo wesigwebo Somxholo-Isenzi kwaye yenza ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-inflection yesenzi. Ulwimi lusebenzisa zombini iindlela Zokwenziwa kunye Nohlalutyo lokudiliza kunye nokudibanisa. Izibizo zinamatyala asixhenxe kunye namadoda amabini, kwaye kukho izenzi ezine. Izichazi ziyavumelana nezibizo eziguqula isini, inombolo, kunye netyala.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasemakedoni ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana incwadi elungileyo yolwimi lwasemacedonia kwaye uzintywilisele kulwimi. Fumana incwadi yegrama ngemithambo onokuyisebenzisa ukuze uziqhelanise kwaye ufunde ulwimi.
2. Mamela umculo wasemacedonia kwaye ubukele iividiyo okanye iimuvi emacedonia. Oku kuya kukunceda ukwazi ulwimi kunye nokubiza kwalo.
3. Thetha nezithethi zomthonyama zasemakedoni. Oku kuya kukunika amava okwenyani kwaye kukuncede ufunde ngokukhawuleza. Unokufumana izithethi zomthonyama kwi-intanethi okanye ngeentlanganiso zendawo okanye uluntu.
4. Ukubhalisa emacedonia. Ukubhala kukunceda uqonde ngcono igrama, isakhiwo kunye nopelo lolwimi.
5. Fumana Macedonian ifani isasazeka. Rekhoda amagama, amabinzana, kunye neencoko ozifumanayo ekufundeni kwakho. Ukuphonononga rhoqo isigama kunye nokuzilolonga kwegrama.
6. Sebenzisa izixhobo zolwimi zasemacedonia ezikwi-intanethi ezinje ngeeapps kunye neewebhusayithi. Zininzi iinkqubo ezikwi-intanethi ezibonelela ngezifundo ezisebenzisanayo kunye nokuzilolonga ukukunceda ufunde.