I-croatian Isithai Guqulela

Xhosa: Ukuvala ulwimi Edit

Icroatia lulwimi olusemthethweni Ecroatia Nasebosnia-Herzegovina, kodwa ikwathethwa ngabantu abancinci abambalwa basecroatia Eserbia, Emontenegro, kumazwe angabamelwane, nakwihlabathi liphela. Yingakho abaninzi abantu kunye namashishini baguqulela iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasecroatia ukuvala umsantsa wolwimi.

Icroatia lulwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic kwaye iboleka kakhulu kwiingcambu zesilatini Nesijamani. Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni Ecroatia kunye nolwimi olusemthethweni oluncinci Ebosnia-Herzegovina. Icroatia yinxalenye Yosapho Lweelwimi Zase-Indo-European kwaye yabelana ngengcambu eqhelekileyo nezinye iilwimi Zeslavic ezinje ngesirashiya, isipolish, kunye nesiczech.

Ngenxa yeengcambu zayo ezabelwana ngazo, isicroatia kulula ukuba izithethi zezinye iilwimi Zeslavic zifunde. Yabelana ngokufana okuninzi kwigrama kunye nesakhiwo sesivakalisi. Kukho kanjalo ezininzi yenkcubeko similarities phakathi Slavic amazwe ukuba yenza ukuqonda Croatian lula kuba abo kunye ulwazi Ezinye Slavic iilwimi.

Kulabo abangenawo amava kunye nezinye iilwimi zeslavic, isicroatia sisenokuba lula ukuyifumana. Ngenxa yempembelelo yayo yenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo, icroatia iboleka amagama kwezinye iilwimi kwaye inenani elikhulu lemali mboleko. I-croatia ine-alfabhethi yefowuni, eyenza kube lula ukufunda kunezinye iilwimi.

Icroatia nayo ineelwimi ezininzi ezahlukileyo ngokusekwe kwindawo ekuyo, kunye nezinto zentlalo kunye nenkcubeko. Ezi lwimi zinokwahluka ngesigama nangesibizo ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni zithethwa nini yaye phi.

Eyona ndlela ingcono yokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwiinguqulelo zesicroatia kukusebenzisa umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo otyibilikayo kulwimi kwaye aqhelene neziyelelane. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo luchanekile, luyaqondakala kwaye alunazimpazamo. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo banokubonelela ngomxholo owongezelelweyo kunye nolwazi lwenkcubeko ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasecroatia zinokunceda ukuvala umsantsa wolwimi kwaye zizise ishishini lakho okanye imveliso kwiimarike ezintsha. Nokuba ufuna ukuguqulela amaxwebhu, iincwadana, iiwebhusayithi, okanye umxholo, ingcali efanelekileyo inokukunceda ufikelele kubaphulaphuli bakho ekujoliswe kubo. Abaguquleli abaziingcali banokukunceda uqonde inkcubeko kunye namasiko asekuhlaleni ukuze ukwazi ukunxibelelana kakuhle nabathengi kunye namaqabane kwimarike yakho entsha.

Ngokuvula ulwimi Lweadriatic ngenguqulelo yesicroatia, unokuvula amathuba amatsha okukhula kunye nempumelelo. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasecroatia zinokukunceda ukuvala izikhewu zolwimi nezenkcubeko ukuze wabelane ngomyalezo wakho nehlabathi.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasecroatia?

Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Ecroatia, Ebosnia Naseherzegovina, nakwiindawo Zaseserbia, Emontenegro Naseslovenia. Ikwathethwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezithile ezincinci Eostriya, Ehungary, E-Itali Naseromania.

Ziziphi iilwimi ezisemthethweni zasecroatia?

Ulwimi lwasecroatia Lulwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic oluneengcambu zalo kwinkulungwane ye-11. Yayisetyenziswa ngamacroats okuqala, Abantu Basemzantsi Slavic abahlala kwindawo ngoku eyicroatia Kumaxesha Aphakathi. Ulwimi oluvela Kwicawa Yakudala Islavonic, ulwimi lwembali olusetyenziswa ngabantu Baseslavic Basempuma Yurophu.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, icroatia yaqalisa ukuthabatha uhlobo olwahlukileyo yaye kamva yasetyenziswa kuncwadi, nakwezinye iinkalo zobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngenkulungwane ye-16, icroatia yafumana umlinganiselo othile wokubekwa emgangathweni ngokupapashwa kwesichazi-magama esibalulekileyo sasecroatia.
Ekugqibeleni, icroatia yakha inxalenye Yobukhosi Base-Austria-Hungarian kwaye yafumana umgangatho ophezulu ngexesha le-19th century, ifana kakhulu nolwimi lwaseserbia. Emva kwemfazwe yehlabathi I, kwasekwa Ubukumkani baseserbia, Basecroats naseslovenes, kamva ababebizwa Ngokuba Yiyugoslavia. Icroatia yahlala ingatshintshanga de yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasecroatia ngo-1991 kunye nesibhengezo sobu-independence.
Ukususela ngoko, ulwimi luye lwaqhubeka luguquka, kunye neenguqu ezenziwe ukupela, iziphumlisi, kunye namagama amatsha afakwe kwisichazi-magama. Namhlanje, icroatia kuthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezi-5.5 abahlala Ecroatia, Ebosnia Naseherzegovina, Eserbia, Eostriya, Ehungary, Eitali Naseswitzerland.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasecroatia?

1. Umarko Marulić (1450-1524) - Ithathelwa Ingqalelo ukuba ibe nguyise weencwadi zanamhlanje zasecroatia kwaye ingqalelo yokuqala enkulu umbhali wasecroatia, Umarulić waqulunqa imisebenzi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kuquka imibongo,idrama, kunye nenkolo. Owona msebenzi wakhe udumileyo Ngujudita, umbongo obalaseleyo osekwe Kwincwadi Yetestamente Endala Kajudith.
2. U-Ivan Gundulić ( 1589-1638) - imbongi eyaziwayo eyabhala i-national epic Osman, kunye ne-play dubravka. Wayengomnye wababhali bokuqala basecroatia ukubandakanya izinto zolwimi lwasecroatia kwimisebenzi yakhe.
3. Držić (1508-1567) - Držić widely lunxulumano njengoko wokuqala Croatian dramatist kwaye umseki we-Croatian theatre. Imidlalo yakhe ihlala ibonisa uburharha obumnyama, i-satire, kunye nemvakalelo enamandla yokuqonda kwesizwe.
4. Umatija Antun Riković (1735-1810) - Uriković ubizwa ngokuba ngowokuqala ukubhala ngolwimi lwesicroatia, okwenza kube lula ukuba abantu baqonde kwaye bafunde. Kwakhona wabhala iincwadi ezininzi, amaphecana, namanqaku athetha ngemixholo eyahlukahlukeneyo efana nesayensi, intanda-bulumko nezobupolitika.
5. Petar Preradović (1818-1872) - Preradović ubekwa ngokubanzi njenge "Croatian Byron" kwimibongo yakhe yothando kunye nemibongo yokuthand ' izwe. Ukhunjulwa ngokukhuthaza umanyano lwesizwe, ngakumbi phakathi kwamacandelo amabini Ecroatia, kunye negalelo lakhe kuphuhliso lolwimi lwasecroatia.

Njani ulwimi lwesicroatia?

Ulwimi lwasecroatia lulwimi Lwase-Indo-European kwaye luyinxalenye Yeqela Lolwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic. Inesakhiwo esifanayo nezinye iilwimi Zeslavic, ezinje ngesibulgaria, isiczech, isipolish nesirashiya. Izenzi zasecroatia zidibaniswa ngokomntu kunye nexesha elide, izibizo kunye nezichazi ziyancitshiswa ngokwesini, inombolo kunye necala, kwaye kukho iimeko ezintandathu zegrama. Isebenzisa ialfabhethi yesilatini kwaye inkqubo yayo yokubhala ifonemic, oko kuthetha ukuba unobumba ngamnye uhambelana nesandi esinye.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasecroatia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko: kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olusisiseko lwegrama, ukubizwa kwamagama kunye noonobumba besicroatia ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufunda ulwimi. Qala ngencwadi elungileyo okanye ikhosi, njengepimsleur okanye Uzifundise isicroatia.
2. Mamela i-podcasts yasecroatia: Ukumamela iipodcasts zasecroatia kunye nemiboniso yenye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokufunda kunye nokuqhelana nolwimi. Zininzi iividiyo Zeyoutube ezinezifundo ezithile ngokubiza kunye negrama-bukela kangangoko unako!
3. Ukuziqhelanisa nesithethi somthonyama: Ukuthetha nesithethi somthonyama yenye yeendlela eziluncedo nezonwabisayo zokufunda ulwimi. Unokufumana ngokulula iqabane lolwimi kwi-intanethi okanye kwisixeko sakho.
4. Funda iincwadi zasecroatia: Fumana iincwadi, amanqaku kunye neemagazini ngesicroatia kwaye uzifunde rhoqo. Zama ukufumana uhlobo olukufaneleyo kwaye uqale ukufunda!
5. Sebenzisa ii-flashcards ukuze ufunde isigama: Ii-Flashcards ziyithuluzi elihle xa kuziwa ekufundeni amagama amatsha, ngokukodwa kwiilwimi ezifana nesicroatia apho kukho amagama amaninzi ahlukeneyo kwinto efanayo.
6. Zibhaptize: eyona ndlela yokuqonda ulwimi kukuzifaka kuyo-yiya Ecroatia ukuba unako, okanye ubukele iimovie kwaye umamele umculo ecroatia.
7. Ukufunda i-croatia kunokuba ngamava amnandi kwaye anomvuzo - qiniseka ukuba uyayonwabela inkqubo kwaye ungabeki uxinzelelo olukhulu kuwe.

Inorway yaziwa ngelifa layo elityebileyo leelwimi kunye neyantlukwano enzulu yenkcubeko, kunye neelwimi ezininzi ezithethwa kwilizwe liphela. Ngenxa yoko, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasenorway zifunwa kakhulu. Ngokuqonda uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lweelwimi ezithethwa Enorway, amashishini, imibutho kunye nabantu bahlala befuna uguqulelo oluchanekileyo nolusebenzayo ukunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo kwiinkcubeko ezininzi.

Ulwimi Olusemthethweni Enorway Ibokmal Nenynorsk, zombini zithethwa malunga nesibini kwisithathu sabemi. Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo zimbini zeelwimi, zininzi ezinye iilwimi ezithethwa kwilizwe liphela. Ngokophando lwakutsha nje, ezinye zeelwimi ezithethwa kakhulu ngaphandle kwesinorway zibandakanya isingesi, isiswedish, isifinnish, isifrentshi, isijamani nesiarabhu.

Ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ngeelwimi ezininzi, inkonzo yokuguqulela yasenorway inokuba yinto ebalulekileyo. Iinkonzo ezinikezelwa yile mibutho ziquka ukuguqulelwa koxwebhu, iinguqulelo eziqinisekisiweyo, iinguqulelo zemfundo, iinguqulelo zewebhusayithi kunye nokunye. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo abanakusebenza kuphela ngamaxwebhu abhaliweyo kodwa banokubonelela ngokutolika ngomlomo kwiinkomfa, iintlanganiso zeshishini kunye neziganeko ezahlukeneyo. Zonke iinguqulelo ezibonelelweyo kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho ephezulu yokuziphatha kwaye zigcine imfihlo engqongqo, ukuchaneka kunye nobungcali.

Xa ukhetha inkonzo yokuguqulela yasenorway, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umbutho uthembekile kwaye unerekhodi yomkhondo wempumelelo. Ukongeza, abaguquleli kufuneka babe nobuchule kulwimi oluthile, kunye namava kunye nenkcubeko yelizwe kunye nesilwimi sasekhaya. Uqeqesho lobungcali kunye noqeqesho oluqhubekayo kufuneka luqwalaselwe.

Inorway inembali ende neqhayiya yokubhiyozela nokukhusela iyantlukwano yolwimi lwayo. Ngoncedo lweenkonzo ezithembekileyo nezakhono zokuguqulela zasenorway, eli lifa leelwimi linokuqhubeka likhula.

Ngawaphi amazwe ekuthethwa kuwo ulwimi lwasenorway?

Isinorway sithethwa ikakhulu Enorway, kodwa ikwathethwa nakwezinye iindawo zasesweden Nasedenmark, kunye noluntu oluncinci oluthetha isinorway Ecanada, Eunited States, Eargentina, Ebrazil Naserussia.

Ziziphi iilwimi zasenorway?

Isinorway lulwimi Lwasemantla Ejamani, oluvela Kwinorse Yakudala eyathethwa ngabahlali Baseviking enorway ngexesha Leminyaka Ephakathi. Ukususela ngoko kuye kwakho iinguqulelo ezininzi yaye ngoku yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini anamhlanje, Ibokmal Nenynorsk, nganye yawo yahlulahlulwe yaziziyelelane zasekuhlaleni. Ulwimi olubhaliweyo lusekwe ikakhulu kwidanish, ulwimi olusemthethweni Enorway kude kube ngo-1814 xa yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni lwelizwe. Oku kwatshintshwa kwaza kwahlengahlengiswa ukuze kuhambelane nokubizwa kwamagama ngesi-Norwegian, igrama nesigama. Emva kweminyaka yee-1800, kwenziwa iinzame zokubeka emgangathweni ulwimi olubhaliweyo, ingakumbi ngokuqaliswa ngokusemthethweni Kwebokmål Nasenynorsk. Ukusukela ngoko, kuye kwakho ukugxininiswa okukhulayo ekusebenziseni iilwimi zonxibelelwano ngomlomo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasenorway?

1. U-Ivar Aasen (umguquleli wolwimi, ulwimi, kunye nombhali wesichazi-magama) 2. Uhenrik Wergeland (imbongi nomdlali wokudlala) 3. Ujohan Nikolas Tideman (igrama) 4. Eyvind Skeie (linguist, novelist and translator) 5. Ludvig Holberg (playwright & philosopher)

Njani ulwimi lwasenorway?

Isakhiwo sasenorway sicacile kwaye silandela umyalelo wesifundo-isenzi-into (SVO). Inenkqubo yesini ezimbini, enezibizo zobudoda nezobufazi, kunye namatyala amathathu egrama—ukutyunjwa, ukumangalela kunye nokuzala. Umyalelo wegama ubhetyebhetye, uvumela izivakalisi ukuba zichazwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kugxininiso olufunayo. I-Norwegian nayo inezikhamiso ezininzi kunye neenguqu ze-consonant, kunye neelwimi ezininzi kunye neengcamango zengingqi.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasenorway ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko. Qiniseka ukuba ugubungela i-alfabhethi, ukubiza, igrama esisiseko kunye ne-syntax.
2. Sebenzisa izixhobo zomsindo/zevidiyo ezinjengeepodcasts, iividiyo Zeyoutube, kunye nezifundo zedijithali ukufunda ukuthetha isinorway.
3. Sebenzisa i-swedish incoko kunye bolunye uhlanga. Ukuzifaka kulwimi yeyona ndlela yokulufunda.
4. Funda iincwadi, amaphephancwadi kunye namaphephandaba ukuze wakhe isigama sakho kunye nokuqonda.
5. Sebenzisa isichazi-magama esikwi-intanethi okanye usetyenziso lomguquleli lwamagama ongawaqondiyo.
6. Bukela umabonwakude wasenorway kunye neemovie kunye neeklip Zeyoutube ukuze uqhelane nesigama kunye nolwimi.
7. Ngoko ke, musa xana ukuba bonwabele fun kwaye yenza abahlobo xa ufunda i-Norwegian.