Isizulu Isilithuania Guqulela

Isixhosa lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni lomzantsi afrika, oluthethwa zizigidi zabantu kulo mmandla. Iyinxalenye yosapho Lweelwimi Zebantu kwaye ineziyelelane ezininzi. Kwabaninzi, Isingesi lulwimi olunzima ukufunda; nangona kunjalo, inokuguqulelwa kwabo banqwenela ukunxibelelana nezithethi Zesixhosa.

Kulabo bafuna ukuguqulela Isingesi, into ebaluleke kakhulu kukufumana umguquleli onobuchule. Umguquleli kufuneka abe nobuchule kuzo zombini iilwimi kunye nokuqonda izinto zolwimi. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokuguqulela.

Xa kuguqulelwa Isixhosa, umguquleli kufuneka aqhelane neziyelelane ezahlukeneyo Zesixhosa kunye negrama elapha. Oku kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba isicatshulwa esiguqulelweyo siyinyani kulwimi lomthombo kunye nenkcubeko yalo. Kuxhomekeke kumongo, uguqulelo lunokufuna ukuthathela ingqalelo ubuntununtunu benkcubeko.

Iinguqulelo ezininzi zikwabandakanya ukufumana okulinganayo kuzo zombini iilwimi. Ngelixa inguqulelo yokoqobo ngamanye amaxesha inokusebenza, umguquleli kufuneka acinge ngentsingiselo emva kwamagama kwaye azame ukufumana into efanayo ehambisa umyalezo ofanayo. Ngesixhosa, umguquleli kufuneka anikele ingqalelo ekusetyenzisweni kwemizekeliso nezaci, njengoko ezinye zazo zingenalo uguqulelo ngqo ngesingesi.

Xa uguqulela Ukusuka Kwisingesi ukuya Kwisingesi, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokunceda. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ezikwi-intanethi Ezifana Ne-Google Translate Kunye Ne-Microsoft Translator zibonelela ngeenguqulelo ezikhawulezayo zesicatshulwa. Nangona kunjalo, ezi nkonzo azifezekanga kwaye zisenokunganikezeli ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo.

Ukuze ufumane iinguqulelo ezichanileyo, iinkonzo ezifana Ne-WordFluent zinokubonelela abaguquleli abaziingcali okanye inkqubo yokuguqulela encediswe ngekhompyutha (IKATI). I-WordFluent isebenzisa inkqubo yesoftware ephucukileyo ukuhlalutya isicatshulwa Sesixhosa kwaye sitshatise nesilingana nesingesi. Oku kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba naziphi na izinto zenkcubeko zithathelwa ingqalelo kwaye uguqulelo luchanekile kwaye lufanelekile.

Nokuba yeyiphi indlela yoguqulelo Lwesixhosa olukhethayo, kufuneka uqwalasele ngenyameko ukuqinisekisa ukuba inguqulelo echanekileyo yenjongo yakho. Nokuba ukhetha indlela encediswa yikhompyuter, umguquleli kufuneka abe namava kunye nolwazi lolwimi Lwesixhosa kunye nesingesi ukuze aguqulele ngempumelelo. Ngobuchule obufanelekileyo, ungaqinisekisa ukuba inguqulelo yesixhosa inxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo nomyalezo wakho.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi Lwesixhosa?

Isixhosa sithethwa kakhulu Emzantsi Afrika, kwaye ubukhulu becala Sisezimbabwe.

Yintoni imbali yolwimi Lwesixhosa?

Isixhosa lulwimi Lwesingesi oluthethwa ngabantu baseniger-Congo. Yinxalenye Yeqela Leelwimi Zasemzantsi afrika, kunye Nesizulu, Iswati nesindebele. Ulwimi Lwesixhosa lunemvelaphi yamandulo, kodwa yanikwa igama layo elisemthethweni ngenkulungwane ye-19 ngabavangeli Baseyurophu. Kukholelwa ukuba ulwimi Lwesixhosa luvela Kwiphondo lempuma Koloni Emzantsi Afrika malunga nekhulu le-5 AD. Ulwimi Lwesixhosa lukwabelana ngeengcambu zalo nezinye iilwimi Zesinguni ezithethwa Emzantsi afrika Nasezimbabwe, ezifana Nesizulu Neswati.
Isixhosa siphenjelelwe kakhulu ngamadatshi okoko kwaqaliswa ulwimi Lwesibhulu ngenkulungwane ye-19, nangona sigcine uninzi lolwimi lwaso lwantlandlolo. Ulwimi Lwesixhosa lwalusetyenziswa Sisizwe samaxhosa phambi kokuba babe ngamathanga Ngabantu Baseyurophu kwaye lolunye lweelwimi zomthonyama zokuqala ukwamkelwa njengolwimi olubhaliweyo. Ulwimi Lwesixhosa nalo lube nefuthe elibonakalayo kwezinye iilwimi Zasemzantsi afrika, kwaye namhlanje lolunye lweelwimi ezilishumi elinanye ezisemthethweni kweli lizwe.

Ngoobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesixhosa?

1. Ujohn tengo Jabavu: intellectual and publisher wasemzantsi afrika owayesebenzela ukwenza uncwadi Lwesixhosa lufikeleleke kubantu abaninzi.
2. Unontsizi Mgwetho: Imbongi Yesixhosa kunye netshantliziyo elibhale iziqwenga ezigxininisa inkcubeko yamabhinqa namalungelo.
3. U-Enoch Sontonga: umqambi kunye nembongi ebhalwe umhobe wesizwe Wasemzantsi Afrika, "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrica".
4. I-Sol Plaatje: ilungu elisungula I-South African Native National Congress (kamva eyaziwa ngokuba Yi-African National Congress) kunye nomnyama wokuqala wasemzantsi Afrika ukubhala inoveli ngesingesi, enesihloko Esithi Mhudi.
5. Manzini Zinzo: Omnye wababhali bokuqala Besixhosa abasebenzisa ulwimi olubhaliweyo ukurekhoda amabali, iintsomi neengoma.

Bunjani ubume bolwimi Lwesixhosa?

Ulwimi Lwesixhosa lunesakhiwo esisisiseko esingaguquguqukiyo, kwaye lwenziwe ngeefowuni ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo: amaqabane, izikhamiso, izikhamiso ezinde, idiphthongs, idiphthongs kunye no-y, kunye nokuchofoza. Ulwimi lusebenzisa i-order word order-verb-object, kwaye uninzi lwamagama lwenziwa ngesimaphambili kunye nesimamva. Ikwanenkqubo entsonkothileyo yeeklasi zezibizo kunye nokudityaniswa komlomo.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lwesixhosa ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana incwadi Yesixhosa kwaye uqale ukufunda kuyo. Zininzi izibonelelo ezilungileyo phaya, ezinjengokuzifundisa Ngesixhosa Nangesixhosa Esibalulekileyo.
2. Fumana ikhosi yesixhosa ekwi-intanethi okanye isifundo. Zininzi iikhosi zasimahla kwi-intanethi onokuzithatha, ezinje ngezifundo zolwimi LWE-BBC, Ubusuu, Kunye Neelwimi zemango.
3. Yenza abahlobo nezithethi zesixhosa. Ukunxibelelana nabaphulaphuli bakho yenye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokufunda naluphi na ulwimi. Ungasebenzisa ii-apps ezinje Nge-Tandem okanye Utshintshiselwano Lwencoko ukufumana izithethi zesixhosa ukuba zithethe nazo.
4. Mamela umculo Wesixhosa kwaye ubukele iimuvi Zesixhosa. Ukuphulaphula nokubukela enye indlela enkulu yokufunda ulwimi, ngakumbi xa kuziwa ekubizweni nasekuqondeni imeko yenkcubeko.
5. Ziqhelise ukuthetha Isixhosa. Indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda ulwimi kukuthetha. Khangela Iintlanganiso Zesixhosa kwindawo yakho, okanye ufumane umhlobo wencoko ekwi-intanethi oza kuziqhelanisa nawo.

Lithuania yi ilizwe elincinane ebekwe kwi-I-Baltic mmandla, emntla Yurophu. Likhaya lolwimi olwahlukileyo kunye nenkcubeko ebijikeleze iinkulungwane. Ngenxa yoko, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zaselithuania zifunwa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela, njengoko unxibelelwano lwehlabathi luye lubaluleke ngakumbi.

Ilithuania ithathwa njengolwimi lwakudala, kwaye yabhalwa kuqala kwiincwadi zekhulu le-16. Oku kuthetha ukuba yenye yeelwimi ezindala ezibhaliweyo Eyurophu. Olu lwimi luchazwa njengenxalenye yesebe Lasebaltic losapho Lweelwimi Zase-Indo-European, oluquka ilatvia Neprussia. I-Lithuanian yabelana ngeendlela ezifanayo kunye nezi lwimi, ezifana negrama kunye nesigama esifanayo.

Kulabo bafuna ukuguqulela izinto ukusuka elithuania ukuya kwezinye iilwimi, kukho iinkampani ezininzi ezibonelela ngeenkonzo ezizodwa. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo banokusingatha yonke into ukusuka kumaxwebhu asemthethweni ukuya kwiinguqulelo zeshishini. Ukongeza, ezinye iinkampani zibonelela ngeenguqulelo zesingesi eziqinisekisiweyo zamaxwebhu asemthethweni. Uninzi lweenkonzo zokuguqulela zaselithuania zikwagxile kwiinguqulelo zonyango nezemali, kunye newebhusayithi kunye nesoftware yendawo.

Xa ukhetha inkampani yeenkonzo zokuguqulela zaselithuania, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaguquleli abasebenzela inkampani banamava kwaye banolwazi malunga nolwimi. Umgangatho wokuguqulela awuxhomekeke kuphela ekuchanekeni kolwimi lomguquleli, kodwa kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukuqonda inkcubeko kunye neelwimi zendawo.

Ngeeprojekthi ezinkulu, kunokuba luncedo ukuqesha iqela lonke labaguquleli abakwaziyo ukusebenza kunye ukubonelela ngeziphumo ezilungileyo. Oku kuvumela abaguquleli ukuba baphonononge umsebenzi womnye nomnye, baqinisekise ukuba imveliso egqityiweyo ihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yokuchaneka kunye nomgangatho.

Nokuba ufuna ukuguqulela uxwebhu olusemthethweni okanye iwebhusayithi, iinkonzo zoguqulo lwaselithuania zinokuqinisekisa ukuba iprojekthi yakho igqityiwe ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo. Ukuba unenkampani efanelekileyo, unokuqiniseka ukuba uya kufumana uguqulelo oluphezulu oluya kuqondakala ngokwenene kubaphulaphuli bakho.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ilithuania?

Ulwimi lwaselithuania luthethwa ikakhulu Elithuania, Naselatvia, E-Estonia, kwiindawo Zasepoland, nakwingingqi Yasekaliningrad Yaserussia.

Lithuanian imbali izinga lotshintshiselwano

Imbali yolwimi lwaselithuania yaqala kwingingqi Yebaltic eyaqala ngo-6500 bc iingcambu zayo zembali kukholelwa ukuba zithathwe kulwimi Lwe-Proto-Indo-European, ebelulwimi lwezinyanya lweelwimi Ezininzi Zaseyurophu. Ilithuania kukholelwa ukuba yenye yeelwimi zakudala E-Indo-European, kunye nezihlobo zayo ezisondeleyo yisanskrit nesilatini.
Imizekelo yakudala yesilithuania ebhaliweyo inokulandelwa kwinkulungwane ye-16. Kwaphuhliswa ngoko ziingcali zeelwimi kunye nabavangeli basemazweni abasebenzisa i-Latin alfabhethi ukudala inkqubo yokubhala yolwimi. Le nkqubo yaphuhliswa ngakumbi Ngumartynas Mažvydas phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-16. Incwadi yokuqala ngesi Lithuanian, esihloko sithi "Catechismus", yapapashwa ngo-1547.
Ukususela ngekhulu le-18, ilithuania iye yafumana ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwigrama, isipelingi kunye nesigama. Ulwimi lwamkela amagama amaninzi avela kwezinye iilwimi Zesislavic Kunye Nesijamani, phakathi kwabanye. Ngexesha Lesoviet, ezinye iinkalo zolwimi zatshintshwa kakhulu, njengokulula kwesenzi.
Namhlanje, ilithuania ithethwa ngokwendalo ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3. Ikwayenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Ze-European Union, kunye nolwimi olusemthethweni Elithuania, Latvia, Kunye Nezizwe ezimanyeneyo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwaselithuania?

1. U-Adomas Jakštas ( 1895-1975) - umbhali-mlando woncwadi, i-philologist kunye nomlobi owayengomnye wamanani anempembelelo ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi lwaselithuania kunye nomgangatho walo.
2. Ujonas Jablonskis (1860-1930) - ingcali yeelwimi eyaziwa ngokudala ulwimi lwangoku lwaselithuania olusekelwe kwiilwimi zesamogitian kunye Neaukštaitija.
3. Uaugustinas Janulaitis (1886-1972) - inani elikhulu kwiilwimi zaselithuania ezifunda imbali, isakhiwo kunye neelwimi zolwimi.
4. Uvincas Krusvevičius (1882-1954) - umbhali onolwazi oluninzi owabhala ngokubanzi malunga nenkcubeko kunye nolwimi lwaselithuania kuzo zombini iifom eziqhelekileyo kunye nolwimi.
5. I-cygimantas Kuzminskis ( 1898-1959) - ingcali yeelwimi ezidumileyo ezisebenza ukuguqula ulwimi lwaselithuania, ukuphuhlisa imigaqo yegrama, kunye nokwenza isichazi-magama sokuqala esibanzi solwimi.

Uluphi ulwimi lwaselithuania?

Ulwimi lwaselithuania lulilungu losapho Lweelwimi Zasebaltic. Lulwimi oluchaphazelekileyo olusebenzisa isibizo kunye nokungena kwesichazi, kunye nokudityaniswa kwezenzi ezahlukeneyo. Kwakhona kukho inani elikhulu le-morphology ye-agglutinative eyakhelwe kulwimi. Umyalelo wegama elisisiseko ngumxholo-isenzi-into.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwaselithuania ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana ikhosi elungileyo okanye inkqubo: Khangela inkqubo yokuntywila eya kukunika ithuba lokuntywila ngokwenyani kulwimi. Cinga ngokuthatha iklasi kwikholeji yasekuhlaleni, ukuya kwisikolo solwimi Elithuania, okanye ukuzama ikhosi ye-intanethi.
2. Thenga incwadi yokufunda ulwimi: Ukutyala imali kwincwadi yokufunda ulwimi kuya kukunceda uhambisane nazo zonke iziseko zegrama yaselithuania kunye nesigama.
3. Mamela umculo waselithuania kwaye ubukele iimovie: Ziqhelanise nezandi kunye nokubizwa kolwimi lwaselithuania ngokumamela umculo waselithuania, ukubukela imiboniso kamabonwakude, kunye neefilimu ngesilithuania.
4. Ziqhelise ukubiza kwakho: Ukuziqhelanisa kwenza ugqibelele! Qhubeka uqhelisela ukubiza kwakho ukuze uphucule ukuqonda kwakho kunye nokutyibilika. Unokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana Ne-Forvo okanye I-Rhinospike ukuva indlela abantu bomthonyama ababiza ngayo amagama ahlukeneyo.
5. Fumana izithethi zomthonyama kwaye uziqhelanise nokuthetha: Zama ukujoyina iiwebhusayithi zokutshintshiselana ngeelwimi okanye ukuhlangana kolwimi lokusingatha ukufumana izithethi zomthonyama zaselithuania ezinokukunceda uziqhelanise nezakhono zakho zokuncokola.
6. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo: Sukuzibekela umda kwimithombo enye. Sebenzisa iiapps kunye neewebhusayithi ukongeza amava akho okufunda, Dueduolingo okanye Ibabbel. Unokufumana kwakhona iipodcasts eziluncedo kunye neevidiyo Zeyoutube ezixoxa ngolwimi lwelithuania kunye nenkcubeko.