Swahili Isiczech Guqulela

Isiswahili lulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50 Empuma Afrika nakwingingqi Yamachibi Amakhulu. Lulwimi Lwabantu, olunxulumene neelwimi ezifana nesizulu Nesixhosa, kwaye lolunye lweelwimi ezisemthethweni zasetanzania Nasekenya. Isiswahili lulwimi oluphambili lonxibelelwano Kulo Lonke Elasempuma Afrika kwaye sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi zizithethi zeelwimi Ezahlukeneyo Zaseafrika njengolwimi lweafranca.

Amashishini, amajelo eendaba, kunye neminye imibutho esebenza kulo mmandla, ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela Ngesiswahili kunokuba yinto exabisekileyo. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zinokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo zamaxwebhu kunye nezinye izinto ukusuka Kwisiswahili, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyakwazi ukunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo nabachaphazelekayo kulo mmandla. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zinokukunceda wakhe ubudlelwane noluntu lwasekuhlaleni kwaye uqonde inkcubeko yabo ngcono.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule zihamba ngaphaya kwenguqulelo yegama elisisiseko ukuze zithathele ingqalelo imeko yenkcubeko yolwimi. Inkonzo elungileyo yokuguqulela iya kuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo zichanekile kangangoko kwaye zithathela ingqalelo iindibano kunye nezaci zolwimi. Ukongeza, banokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezongezelelweyo ezinje ngokubhala ikopi Ngesiswahili, uguqulelo oluvakalayo okanye ukutolika, kunye nokuguqulelwa kwewebhusayithi. Ezi nkonzo zinokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umyalezo wakho ufumana ngokuchanekileyo nangempumelelo.

Xa ukhetha inkonzo yokuguqulela Yesiswahili, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba banamava ngolwimi nangolwimi lwabo. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba banamava kwimeko ethile oyifunayo ukuba baguqulele kuyo, njengamaxwebhu ezonyango okanye asemthethweni. Okokugqibela, qiniseka ukuba ujonga iziqinisekiso zayo nayiphi na inkonzo yokuguqulela oyicingayo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokuguqulela.

Isiswahili lulwimi olubalulekileyo kuye nabani na owenza ushishino Empuma Afrika nakwingingqi Yamachibi Amakhulu, kwaye ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wakho uqondwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye unxibelelene ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Isiswahili?

Isiswahili sithethwa Ekenya, Etanzania, Euganda, Erwanda, Eburundi, Edemocratic Republic of Congo, Emalawi, Emozambique Nasecomoros. Ikwathethwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo Zasesomalia, E-Ethiopia, Ezambia, Emzantsi Afrika Nasezimbabwe.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Sisiswahili?

Ulwimi Lwesiswahili lulwimi Lwesibantu olusuka kusapho Lolwimi Lwaseniger-Congo. Ithethwa ikakhulu kunxweme Lwasempuma Afrika, kwaye irekhodi layo lokuqala libuyela malunga ne-800 AD. Yaqulunqwa ngumxube weelwimi Zomthonyama Zaseafrika ezidityaniswe nesipersi, isiarabhu kunye neempembelelo zesingesi kamva. Lo mxube weelwimi wadala ulwimi loncwadi olwaziwa Ngokuba Sisiswahili okanye Isiswahili.
Ekuqaleni, Isiswahili sasisetyenziswa ngabarhwebi ababephila kunxweme olusempuma Afrika. Olu lwimi lwamkelwa luluntu lwaselunxwemeni lwaza lwasasazeka ukusuka kumazibuko Empuma Afrika ukuya kwihinterland. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, yaba lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Lwesultanate Yasezanzibar.
Ngenxa yobukoloniyali, Isiswahili sasetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi namhlanje Etanzania, Ekenya, Euganda, Erwanda, Eburundi nakwiindawo ezithile Zasecongo. Namhlanje, yenye yeelwimi ezithethwa Kakhulu E-Afrika kunye nenxalenye yolwimi olusemthethweni lwamazwe Amaninzi Ase-Afrika.

Ngoobani abantu aba-5 abaphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesiswahili?

1. Uedward Steere (1828-1902): umvangeli Wasemazweni Ongumkristu olingesi owaqulunqa isichazi-Magama sokuqala Sesiswahili. 2. U-Ernest Alfred Wallis Budge (1857-1934): I-English Egyptologist kunye nomguquleli Webhayibhile Kwisiswahili. 3. U-Ismail Juma Mziray (1862-1939): Enye yeentsika zoncwadi lwangoku Lwesiswahili, wayenoxanduva lokuzisa ulwimi kwihlabathi. 4. Utilman Jabavu( 1872-1960): utitshala Womzantsi afrika kunye nomfundi Wesiswahili onoxanduva lokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa Kwesiswahili njengolwimi lokufundisa Empuma Afrika. 5. U-Japhet Kahigi (1884-1958): Uvulindlela Weelwimi Zesiswahili, imbongi, kunye nombhali, obizwa ngokuba yi "standard" Isiswahili.

Uluphi ulwimi Lwesiswahili?

Ulwimi Lwesiswahili lulwimi oluguquguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama amaninzi formed ngokudibanisa iiyunithi ezincinci zentsingiselo. Inomyalelo wegama lesihloko-isenzi-into, kwaye ubukhulu becala isekelwe kwizikhamiso ezimbalwa. Kwakhona kunciphisa kakhulu, oku kuthetha ukuba izifundo kunye nezinto zingashiywa ukuba zichaziwe.

Indlela yokufunda Isiswahili ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana utitshala wolwimi Lwesiswahili ofanelekileyo okanye umhlohli. Ukusebenza nesithethi esinamava Sesiswahili yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufunda ulwimi njengoko iqinisekisa ukuba ufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo ngokuthe ngqo kwisithethi somthonyama. Ukuba utitshala wolwimi okanye umhlohli akafumaneki, khangela ikhosi elungileyo ekwi-intanethi okanye izifundo zevidiyo.
2. Get yourself in Isiswahili! Okukhona usiva kwaye ufunda ulwimi, kokukhona unokuluqonda ngcono kwaye ekugqibeleni ube nakho ukunxibelelana kulo. Mamela umculo Wesiswahili, ubukele iimovie zesiswahili kunye nemiboniso kamabonwakude, kwaye ufunde iincwadi zesiswahili kunye namaphephandaba.
3. Funda isigama. Ukufunda amagama asisiseko kunye namabinzana kuya kukunceda uqonde ulwimi kwaye uxhase incoko yakho. Qala ngamagama alula emihla ngemihla kunye namabinzana kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe uqhubele phambili kwizihloko ezinzima ngakumbi.
4. Ziqhelise ukuthetha kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuba uqhelisele ukuthetha ulwimi nezithethi zomthonyama okanye abanye abafundi. Unokujoyina iqela lolwimi, uthathe inxaxheba kutshintshiselwano lolwimi, okanye uziqhelanise nomhlohli.
5. Gcina umkhondo wenkqubela yakho. Landela into oyifundileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zeziphi izihloko ezifuna ukuziqhelanisa ngakumbi, kunye nokuba ingakanani inkqubela oyenzileyo. Oku kuya kukunceda uhlale ukhuthazekile kwaye kukunika ukuqonda okungcono malunga noko kufuneka usebenze.

Czech yenye yeelwimi ezininzi umdla ehlabathini. Ithethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-10 kwaye yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko Kwiriphabhlikhi yaseczech. Ukusebenzisa inguqulelo yesiczech kunokuba yindlela entle yokuqinisekisa ukuba ishishini lakho, iwebhusayithi, okanye unxibelelwano lwendawo efanelekileyo ukufikelela kule ntengiso ibalulekileyo.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo ngenkonzo yokuguqulela yaseczech, kubalulekile ukuqonda ubunzima bokuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo ukusuka eczech. Isiczech lulwimi Lwesislavic, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inesakhiwo sayo esikhethekileyo segrama, oonobumba abohlukeneyo, neziyelelane eziliqela. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaguquleli kufuneka babe nobuchule kulwimi lwesiczech nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo ukuze baguqulele ngempumelelo.

Ukuba ufuna inkonzo ethembekileyo yeenguqulelo, kufuneka ukhangele inkampani enamava kunye nobuchule kulwimi lwesiczech. Kufuneka bakwazi ukunika iinguqulelo ezichanileyo nezifanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko. Umguquleli olungileyo uya kuba nolwazi olunzulu lwenkcubeko yendawo ukuze bakwazi ukufumana umxholo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba kufanelekile ngokwenkcubeko.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuguqulela isiczech. Abaguquleli kufuneka bakwazi ukufumana umyalezo ngokucacileyo nangokuchanekileyo, ngaphandle kokulalanisa ithoni okanye injongo yombhalo wokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo lukhangelwe ngokuchanekileyo sisithethi somthonyama saseczech ngaphambi kokuba sipapashwe.

Ekugqibeleni, inkonzo elungileyo yokuguqulela yaseczech iya kubonelela ngamaxesha okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ixesha lihlala liyinto ebalulekileyo xa kuziwa ekuhlaleni, ke kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba inkonzo oyikhethayo inokuhambisa kwimihla ebekiweyo ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho.

Xa kuziwa kwinguqulelo yesiczech, kubalulekile ukufumana inkonzo yobungcali eqonda izinto zolwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Ngenkonzo yokuguqulela efanelekileyo, unokuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo wakho wendawo ngokuchanekileyo, unxibelelene ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye wamkelwe kakuhle ngabantu abathetha isiczech.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesiczech?

Ulwimi lwesiczech ikakhulu luthethwa Kwiriphabhlikhi yaseczech. Kukho nabantu abathetha isiczech Eostriya, Ejamani, Ehungary, Epoland, Eslovakia Naseukraine. Ikwathethwa ngamanani amancinci abantu kwamanye amazwe, Afana Neostreliya, Ikhanada, Icroatia, Ifransi, I-Itali, Iromania, Iserbia, Neunited states.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesiczech?

Ulwimi lwesiczech lulwimi Olusentshona Slavonic, inxalenye yentsapho Yeelwimi Zaseyurophu. Oku kuhambelana kakhulu neslovak kwaye ulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhlikhi yaseczech. Ulwimi luye lwaphenjelelwa kakhulu ngesilatini, isijamani nesipolish ukutyhubela iinkulungwane.
Ubungqina bokuqala bolwimi buqala emva kwinkulungwane ye-10, xa yaqala ukubhalwa kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiczech Republic. Ngelo xesha, ulwimi Lwalubizwa Ngokuba Yi-Bohemian kwaye lwaluthethwa kakhulu kummandla Wasebohemian. Ukutyhubela inkulungwane ye-11 neye-12, yavela Kwicawa Yakudala Islavonic, nangona yayisagcina ezinye iinkalo zolwimi lwantlandlolo.
Ngekhulu le-14, ulwimi lwesiczech lwaqala ukusetyenziswa kwifom ebhaliweyo kwaye inguqu yokuqala yolwimi, eyaziwa Ngokuba Yi-Middle Czech, yavela. Ngeli xesha, ulwimi lwenziwa utshintsho oluninzi ngenxa yempembelelo yesilatini, isijamani nesipolish kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe lwaphuhliswa lwaba yiczech Yanamhlanje.
Ngowe-1882, Ingcali yeelwimi Yesiczech Čeněk Zíbrt yapapasha igrama yakhe yesiczech, eyayisebenza njengesiseko sokumiselwa kwemigangatho yolwimi. Olu lwimi lwadityaniswa kamva phantsi Komthetho Wamaothography wesiczech ka-1943, owaseka ulwimi olubhaliweyo oluqhelekileyo kwiriphabhlikhi yonke yaseczech.
Ukususela ngoko, olu lwimi luye lwaqhubeka lukhula yaye lukhula, yaye namhlanje luthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-9 eczech Republic Naseslovakia.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesiczech?

1. Ujan Hus (malunga no-1369-1415): umguquleli wezenkolo waseczech, isifilosofi, kunye nomhlohli wezakwalizwi Kwiyunivesithi Yasecharles Eprague, Ujan Hus wayenempembelelo enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi lwesiczech. Ukushumayela kwakhe nemibhalo yakhe enempembelelo yabhalwa ngesiczech yaza yanceda ekuqiniseni isimo sayo njengolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Ebohemia.
2. Uváclav Hladký (1883-1949): ingcali yeelwimi yesiczech kunye nonjingalwazi Weelwimi Zeslavic Kwiyunivesithi Yasecharles Eprague, Uváclav Hladký wabhala imisebenzi emininzi kulwimi lwesiczech, kuquka Igrama yesiczech Kunye Ne-Orthography. Kwakhona waba negalelo elikhulu Isithethe Ulwimi Czechoslovak State, leyo yamkelwa 1926 kwaye ihlala umgangatho osemthethweni Czech namhlanje.
3. Boženaěmcová (1820-1862): Eyaziwa Kakhulu ngenoveli Yakhe Ubabička( Ugogo), Uboženaěmcová wayengumntu omkhulu kwiczech National Revival movement kwaye phakathi kwababhali bokuqala ukubhala ngokubanzi ngesiczech. Imisebenzi yakhe yaba negalelo ekuveleni kolwimi loncwadi lwesiczech kwaye yanceda ekwandiseni ukusetyenziswa kwalo kuncwadi.
4. Ujosef Jungmann (1773-1847): imbongi kunye nengcali yeelwimi, Ujosef Jungmann waba negalelo ekwakheni ulwimi lwesiczech. Ubizwa ngokuba ukwazisa amagama amaninzi avela kwezinye iilwimi, njengesijamani, isitaliyane nesifrentshi, ngesiczech, kwaye wanceda ukuseka ulwimi lwesiczech njengolwimi loncwadi.
5. Prokop Diviš (1719-1765): i-linguist kunye ne-polyglot, Iprokop Diviš ithathwa njengenye yookhokho beelwimi zaseczech. Wabhala ngokubanzi kwiilwimi zokuthelekisa, igrama, kunye ne-phonology, kwaye uncedwa ekuncedeni ukuguqula ulwimi lwesiczech kwaye lwenze lufaneleke ngakumbi ekubhaleni ngokusemthethweni.

Njani ulwimi lwesiczech?

Ulwimi lwesiczech lulwimi Lwasentshona Slavic, oko kuthetha ukuba lolwentsapho efanayo nezinye iilwimi Zeslavic ezifana nesipolish, islovak nesirashiya. Zineempawu ezahlukileyo ezenza ukuba zahluke kwezinye iilwimi.
Ulwimi lwesiczech lulwimi oluguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama atshintsha ifom yabo kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwabo kwisivakalisi. Ikwaqulethe i-agglutination, oko kuthetha ukuba izimaphambili kunye nezimamva zongezwa kumagama ukwenza amagama amatsha okanye ukubonisa intsingiselo. I-Czech inamatyala asixhenxe (ngokwahlukileyo kwisingesi esinezihloko ezimbini, umxholo kunye nento). Amatyala asixhenxe achaphazela izibizo, izimelabizo, izichazi kunye namanani, kwaye abonisa indima yegama kwisivakalisi.
Ekugqibeleni, isiczech lulwimi lwefonetiki, olunembalelwano phakathi kwamagama abhaliweyo nathethwayo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukufunda nokubiza, nangona ngaphandle kokuqonda intsingiselo yamagama.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesiczech ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko zegrama yesiczech kunye nokubiza amagama. Zininzi iincwadi kunye nezixhobo ezikwi-intanethi ezifumanekayo ukukunceda ufunde iziseko zolwimi.
2. Ntywila kwisigama. Funda amabinzana aphambili kunye namagama aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa ukuqala ukwakha isiseko sokuqonda.
3. Zicel ' umngeni ngezihloko ezintsonkothileyo. Pholisha ulwimi lwakho oluthethwayo nolubhaliweyo ngokuqhelisela izivakalisi ezintsonkothileyo, iifom zezenzi, kunye namaxesha ahlukeneyo.
4. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama kwaye ubukele iifilimu zangaphandle. Ukuze uphucule ukubiza kwakho kunye nokuqonda ulwimi, jonga imithombo yeendaba efana neenkqubo ZETV,izitishi zerediyo, kunye neepodcasts ukuze uve kwaye uqhelane nesiczech accent kunye nesilang.
5. Chitha ixesha kwilizwe elithetha isiczech. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzifaka ngokupheleleyo kulwimi nakwinkcubeko. Ukuba oku akunjalo, zama ukuthetha nabantu abathetha isiczech okanye usebenzisane namaqela athetha isiczech okanye uluntu.