Chuvash Imakedoniya Humusha

Ukuhumusha kwesichuvash, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuhumusha Kwesichuvash, kuyindlela ekhethekile yokuhumusha esetshenziselwa ukuxhumana ngolimi Lwesichuvash. Lolu limi luvela kubantu Abangamachuvash, abahlala ezingxenyeni ezithile Zaserussia nase-Ukraine. Ingolunye lwezilimi Zamaturkic futhi inezikhulumi ezingaphezu kwesigidi, okwenza kube ulimi olubalulekile ukuhumushela kulo.

Ukuze uhumushe kahle Kusuka Noma uye Olimini Lwesichuvash, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhumusha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlamvu Zamagama Zesichuvash zihlukile ezinhlamvwini zesilatini, ezisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izilimi Zaseyurophu. Ngenxa yalokho, amagama aqukethe izinhlamvu Zesicyrillic ezifana No-A, П, С, Records kumelwe aguqulwe abe amagama afanayo esilatini ukuze aqondwe umfundi.

Inqubo yokuhumushela Olimini Lwesichuvash ihilela izinyathelo eziningana. Okokuqala, umhumushi kudingeka abe nokuqonda okukhulu kokubili izilimi eziwumthombo neziqondisiwe. Kumelwe baqonde ukwakheka kwemisho, incazelo, nokubizwa kolimi oluwumthombo. Khona-ke kumelwe bakwazi ukudlulisela lokhu ngendlela efanele olimini okuhloswe ngalo, becabangela imithetho yohlelo lolimi nesakhiwo semisho yolimi okuhloswe ngalo.

Lapho izinguqulo seziqediwe, umhumushi kumelwe aqhathanise ngokucophelela umbhalo wokuqala nenguqulo ehunyushiwe. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhumusha kunembile futhi kudlulisela umyalezo ohlosiwe ngendlela efanele. Futhi kuwumthwalo womhumushi ukwenza ukuhlola okwengeziwe ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi noma yiziphi izinkomba zamasiko namagama esipelingi ahunyushwa ngokunembile.

Kulabo abafuna ukufunda Isichuvash, kunezifundo ezihlukahlukene ezitholakala kuyi-internet nasemanyuvesi. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukufunda ulimi ngeke kunikeze ukuqonda okuphelele kokuhunyushwa Kwesichuvash. Ukuyinkimbinkimbi kokuhumusha kungenziwa kuphela ngeminyaka yokusebenza nokuzinikela.

Ngokuvamile, ukuhumusha Isichuvash kuyikhono elibalulekile lokulawula uma ufisa ukuxhumana nabantu basechuvash. Ngendlela efanele nolwazi, kungaba okuhlangenwe nakho okudla isikhathi kodwa okuzuzisayo.

Yiluphi ulimi Lwesichuvash olukhulunywa kuwo?

Ulimi Lwesichuvash lukhulunywa kakhulu Eriphabhuliki Yasechuvash Yaserussia, kanye nasezingxenyeni Zasemari El, Etatarstan nase-Udmurtia Erussia, Nasekazakhstan nase-Ukraine.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesichuvash?

Ulimi Lwesichuvash luwulimi Lwesiturkic olukhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1,5 erussia. Yilona kuphela ilungu elisindile legatsha Lama-Oghur lezilimi Zamaturkic. Ulimi lwalukhulunywa kakhulu ezindaweni manje ezaziwa Ngokuthi Yiriphabhulikhi Yasechuvashia, etholakala esifundeni Sasevolga Erussia.
Umlando obhaliwe wolimi Lwesichuvash ungahle uhlehlele emuva ekhulwini le-13 kanti imibhalo yokuqala ebhaliwe itholakala emibhalweni yesandla kusukela ngekhulu le-14 nele-15. Eziningi zalezi zincwadi zembula ukuthi ulimi luye lwashintsha kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ekhulwini le-15, ulimi Lwesichuvash lwaluthonywe kakhulu ulimi lwesitatar oluzungezile lwegolden horde futhi lwalubhalwe ngezinhlamvu zamagama zesitatar esidala.
Ekhulwini le-18, izinhlamvu Zamagama Zesichuvash zadalwa isazi saserussia, Usemyon remezov, esazisekela ezinhlamvwini Zamagama Zesicyrillic. Lolu alu lwezinhlamvu olusha lwasetshenziselwa ukudala izincwadi zokuqala ezinyathelisiwe Zesichuvash ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, ulimi Lwesichuvash lwaqashelwa njengolimi olusemthethweni Lombuso waserussia futhi kwenziwa eminye imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yezincwadi ngalesi sikhathi.
Ulimi Lwesichuvash luyaqhubeka lukhulunywa namuhla futhi lufundiswa nakwezinye izikole Eriphabhuliki Yasechuvashia. Kukhona nemizamo esebenzayo yokulondoloza nokukhuthaza lolu limi Erussia nakwamanye amazwe.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesichuvash?

1. Umikhail vasilevich yakovlev isazi sezilimi noprofesa Echuvash State Pedagogical University, owasungula uhlelo lolimi lokuqala oluphelele lolimi.
2. Uyakov Kostyukov-isazi sezilimi noprofesa Echuvash State Pedagogical University, owaba nesandla ekuthuthukiseni ulimi ngokuhlela nokushicilela imisebenzi eminingi.
3. Unikolay Ziberov-umsizi omkhulu ekungenisweni kwezinhlamvu zesilatini zolimi Lwesichuvash.
4. Uvasily peskov-uthisha, owasungula incwadi yokuqala yesikole yolimi Lwesichuvash ngo-1904.
5. U – Oleg bessonov-umuntu onethonya ekuthuthukiseni I-standard chuvash yanamuhla, owasebenza ukuhlanganisa izilimi ezahlukene zolimi.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesichuvash sinjani?

Ulimi Lwesichuvash lungolwemindeni yezilimi zamaturkic. Luwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi amagama akhiwa ngokungeza uchungechunge lwezijobelelo nezijobelelo egameni eliyisisekelo. Ukuhleleka kwamagama ngokuvamile kuyisihloko-into-isenzo, ngokuhleleka kwamagama okukhululekile ngaphakathi kwemisho. Amagama ahlukaniswe aba ubulili obubili futhi athatha izijobelelo ezisekelwe ekilasini ukuze abonise inombolo, icala, nokucaciswa. Izenzo ziyavumelana nesihloko somusho nesihlanganisi kuye ngokuthi isikhathi nesici.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Chuvash ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokufunda izisekelo zolimi, njengohlelo lolimi, indlela yokubiza amagama, nohlelo lolimi oluyisisekelo. Kukhona ezinye izinsiza ezinkulu ezitholakala ku-inthanethi, njenge Chuvash.org noma Chuvash.eu lokho kungakusiza ngalokhu.
2. Sebenzisa ukuqoshwa komsindo kwezikhulumi zomdabu nemisho eyisampula ukuze wakhe ngokushesha isisekelo samagama nemishwana engxoxweni. Lalela izinhlelo zomsakazo futhi ubuke amabhayisikobho nezinhlelo zethelevishini Chuvash. Gxila olimini ukuze ukhulume kahle futhi ukhululeke kakhudlwana ngalo.
3. Prakthiza lokho okufundile nge izikhulumi bomdabu, kungaba mathupha noma ngokusebenzisa izinkundla online. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba uthole ama-nuances endawo futhi uthole ukuqonda ngamasiko.
4. Funda izincwadi namaphephandaba Chuvash ukuthuthukisa silulumagama yakho kanye nohlelo lolimi. Lapho ufunda okwengeziwe, kulapho ukuqonda kwakho nohlelo lolimi kuyoba ngcono khona.
5. Ekugcineni, ukwengeza ukufunda kwakho ngemisebenzi efana ukubhala Chuvash, iqhaza chuvash izinkundla online futhi ukutadisha izivivinyo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba uqinise ukubamba kwakho ulimi.

Ukuhumusha isimacedonia kuyinkonzo edingekayo esetshenziswayo lapho ufuna ukuxhumana ngokunembile ngolimi lwesimacedonia. Ulimi lwesislavic, olukhulunywa Kakhulu Enyakatho Macedonia futhi lungolunye lwezilimi ezisemthethweni zezwe. Abantu bavame ukufuna izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesimacedonia lapho kudingeka baxhumane ngokunembile nangempumelelo namakhasimende, ozakwabo, noma abalingani bebhizinisi ngolimi.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesimacedonia zinikezwa izinkampani eziningi zokuhumusha ezikhethekile ekuhumusheni imibhalo, amawebhusayithi, nezinye izinto ngesimacedonia. Abahumushi abangochwepheshe bangahumusha zonke izinhlobo zemibhalo, kuhlanganise nemibhalo yezomthetho neyezimali, izinto zokumaketha noma zebhizinisi, imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe nokunye. Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zingadala nokuqukethwe okwenziwa endaweni yezilaleli ezikhuluma isimacedonia. Uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni iwebhusayithi, abahumushi abangochwepheshe baqinisekisa nokuthi iwebhusayithi ehunyushiwe ibukeka futhi izwakala njengomthombo wokuqala. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi banokuhlangenwe nakho okuhle lapho behamba ngewebhusayithi ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko.

Izinguqulo zesimacedonia ezinembile neziphumelelayo zidinga ukuqonda ngokujulile ulimi namasiko.. Abahumushi abangochwepheshe babhekana nenqubo eqinile yokukhetha ngaphambi kokuba baqashwe ukuba baqedele umsebenzi wokuhumusha. Le phrojekthi ibuye ihlolwe kahle ngabahleli ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba. Abahumushi abangochwepheshe bajwayelene nemininingwane ehlukahlukene yolimi, okusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukuhumusha akuyona nje into enembile, kodwa futhi kufanelekile ngokwenkolo.

Ukuqasha umhumushi wasemacedonia onguchwepheshe kungaba usizo uma kuziwa ekwakheni ukuba khona okuphumelelayo kwamazwe ngamazwe. Izinguqulo ezenziwa uchwepheshe zicacile futhi ziphelele, zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umyalezo wakho uvela ngokucacile futhi ngaphandle kokungaqondani. Ukutshala imali kumhumushi wasemacedonia onguchwepheshe kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi idokhumenti noma iwebhusayithi yakho ihunyushelwe kahle olimini okuhloswe ngalo. Kubonisa nokuthi unendaba nokunikeza imikhiqizo noma izinsizakalo ezisezingeni eliphakeme kumakhasimende akho akhuluma isimacedonia.

Yiluphi ulimi olukhulunywa emakedoniya?

Ulimi lwesimacedonia lukhulunywa kakhulu Eriphabhuliki Yasenyakatho Macedonia, Eserbia Nase-Albania. Kukhulunywa nasezingxenyeni ezithile zasebulgaria, Egrisi Nasemontenegro, kanye nasemiphakathini yabafuduki E-Australia, Ecanada, Ejalimane nase-United States.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwasemakedoniya?

Umlando wolimi lwasemacedonia ungahle ulandelwe emuva ngekhulu lesi-9 ad lapho lalisetshenziswa ngesimo solimi Lwesislavonic Sesonto Elidala. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kwazalwa izilimi eziningi zesibulgaria Nesimontenegro. Ekhulwini le-11, Isislavonic Esidala Sesonto sanikeza indlela yesilimi sasemakedoniya ephakathi. Phakathi nenkathi Yama-Ottoman, ulimi lwaluthonywe amagama esiturkey nesi-arabhu. Ekhulwini le-19, ngemva kokusungulwa Kwe-Bulgarian Exarchate, kwavela uhlobo olujwayelekile lolimi manje olwaziwa ngokuthi ulimi lwesimacedonia lwanamuhla. Ngemva Kwempi Yamabalkan ka-1912-13, isimacedonia samenyezelwa njengolimi olusemthethweni Lombuso waseserbia ngaleso sikhathi, kamuva owaba Yiyugoslavia. Ngemva Kwempi Yezwe II, Imakedoniya yazibiza ngokuthi iyiriphabhuliki futhi ngokushesha yamukela isimakedoniya njengolimi lwayo olusemthethweni. Lokhu kwaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1993 ngokusungulwa Kweriphabhuliki Yasemakedoniya.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesimacedonia?

1. Ukrste misirkov (18741926) isazi sezilimi nesazi sefilosofi esabhala incwadi Ngezindaba zasemacedonia, okubhekwa njengomsebenzi wokuqala wezincwadi ohlanganisa ulimi lwesimacedonia lwanamuhla.
2. Ukuzman Shapkarev (18801966) isazi esacwaninga kabanzi ngolimi lwasemacedonia sakha isisekelo solimi olusemthethweni lwasemacedonia lwanamuhla.
3. Ublaže koneski (1921-1993) isazi sezilimi kanye nembongi owayengumholi womnyango wezilimi zasemacedonia E – Institute of macedonian literature Eskopje futhi engomunye wabakhi abakhulu bolimi lwesimacedonia lwanamuhla.
4. Ugjorgji pulevski (18921966) isazi sezinto eziningi nesazi esabhala incwadi yokuqala yohlelo lolimi oluphelele ngolimi lwasemacedonia futhi sahlanganisa imithetho eminingi yalo.
5. Ukoco racin (19081943) – imbongi ebhekwa njengobaba wezincwadi zesimanje zasemacedonia. Wabhala eminye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu esebenzisa ulimi lwasemacedonia futhi ungumuntu obalulekile emlandweni wesizwe namasiko aso.

Ulimi lwasemakedoniya lwakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi lwesimacedonia luwulimi Lwesislavic Saseningizimu, futhi isakhiwo salo sifana nezinye izilimi zomndeni ezifana nesibulgaria Nesiserbo-croatian. Inomyalelo womusho Wesihloko-Into-Isenzo futhi isebenzisa kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwesenzo. Ulimi lusebenzisa izinhlobo Zokwenziwa nezokuhlaziya zokwehla nokuhlanganiswa. Amagama anezimo eziyisikhombisa nobulili obubili, futhi kunezikhathi ezine zesenzo. Izibizo ziyavumelana namagama eziwaguqulayo ngokobulili, ngenombolo nangesimo.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi lwesimacedonia ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thola incwadi enhle yolimi lwasemacedonia futhi uzicwilise olimini. Thola incwadi lolimi umzimba ukuthi ungasebenzisa ukuzijayeza futhi ufunde ulimi.
2. Lalela umculo Macedonian futhi ubuke amavidiyo noma amabhayisikobho in Macedonian. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba ujwayelane ulimi kanye pronunciation yayo.
3. Khuluma nabantu abakhuluma isimacedonia. Lokhu kuzokunikeza isipiliyoni sangempela futhi kukusize ufunde ngokushesha. Ungathola izikhulumi zomdabu online noma ngokusebenzisa meetups wendawo noma imiphakathi.
4. Prakthiza ukubhala ngesimacedonia. Ukubhala kukusiza ukuba uqonde kangcono uhlelo lolimi, ukwakheka, nokupela ulimi.
5. Gcina iphephabhuku lolimi lwasemacedonia. Rekhoda amazwi, imishwana, futhi izingxoxo ukuthi uhlangabezana ekufundeni kwakho. Buyekeza njalo silulumagama nohlelo lolimi umzimba.
6. Sebenzisa imithombo yolimi lwasemacedonia eku-inthanethi efana nezinhlelo zokusebenza namawebhusayithi. Kunezinhlelo eziningi ze-inthanethi ezitholakalayo ezinikeza izifundo ezisebenzisanayo nokuzivocavoca ukukusiza ufunde.