Isi-albania Itatar Humusha

Njengoba i-Albania isenkabeni Yeningizimu-Mpumalanga Yurophu, isi-albania sesibe olunye lwezilimi ezikhulunywa kakhulu kule ndawo. Lolu limi luwulimi olusemthethweni kuleli zwe futhi lukhulunywa izakhamuzi ezivamile kanye nabasebenzi bebhizinisi nohulumeni. Njengoba izimpande zayo zibuyela emuva ekhulwini le-10 futhi kunabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7,2 abakhuluma lolu limi, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesi-albania ziye zaba impahla edingeka kakhulu emabhizinisini nasezikhungweni eziningi.

Izinguqulo zesi-albania zinikeza izinsiza eziningi, njengokuhunyushwa kwemibhalo esemthethweni, ukuhunyushwa kwewebhusayithi, ukuhunyushwa kwe-afidavithi efungelwe, nokunye. Kungaba inselele ukuba amabhizinisi nezinhlangano zikwazi ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo lapho zisebenzisa ulimi lwazo lwendabuko, ngakho izinsizakalo zabahumushi nabahumushi ziwusizo olukhulu. Abahumushi banikeza izinguqulo zesikhathi sangempela, ezivumela ochwepheshe ukuba baxhumane ngolimi abalukhethayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abahumushi bathatha imibhalo ebhaliwe bayiguqulele kolunye ulimi, banikeze izinguqulo ezingasetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene.

Lapho umuntu ecabangela noma iyiphi inkonzo yokuhumusha, kumelwe aqale acabangele iziqu zakhe nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe. Abahumushi nabahumushi abaqinisekisiwe kufanele bakhulume kahle isingisi nesi-albania, futhi babe nolwazi ngamasiko namasiko endawo. Ochwepheshe abaqinisekisiwe kufanele futhi babe nolwazi oluqinile ngendaba abayihumushayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukunemba nekhwalithi ekuhumusheni.

Amabhizinisi nezikhungo ezifuna ukusizakala ngezinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesi-albania kufanele zifune izazi zezilimi ezinekhono ezingagcini nje ngokuba nobuchwepheshe olimini kodwa futhi ezihlangabezana nezici ezihlukahlukene ezizihumushayo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwamakhono nolwazi kubalulekile ukuze kuhunyushwe ngokunembile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi kufanele abheke ngokucophelela izinsizakalo zomuntu siqu zenkampani yokuhumusha, irekhodi lokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende, namanani anengqondo.

Ukuhunyushwa kwezinto ezibhalwe phansi kuyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu kumabhizinisi afuna ukuvala umgoqo wolimi futhi afinyelele kumakhasimende ngolimi lwawo lwendabuko. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungokukhangisa, ukumaketha, noma imibhalo, ukuhunyushwa okunembile kwezinto zesi-albania kuyigugu elikhulu kunoma iyiphi inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe.

Yiluphi ulimi olukhulunywa e-albania?

Ulimi lwesi-albania lukhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-7 njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko, ikakhulukazi e-Albania Nasekosovo, kanye nakwezinye izindawo Zasebalkan, kuhlanganise nezingxenye Zasenyakatho macedonia, Emontenegro, Egrisi Nase-Italy.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesi-albania?

Ulimi lwesi-albania lunomlando omude futhi oyinkimbinkimbi. Izazi zikholelwa ukuthi luyinzalo yolimi lwasendulo lwasesigodini somfula, olwaziwa ngokuthi Isi-Illyrian, olwalukhulunywa esifundeni Sasebalkan ngaphambi kwenkathi Yamaroma. Isi-albania siqala ukufakazelwa emibhalweni ebhaliwe ngasekupheleni Kwenkathi Ephakathi, kodwa izimpande zaso zibuyela emuva kakhulu. Phakathi nenkathi Yama-Ottoman, isi-albania sasiwulimi olukhulunywa ngokuyinhloko, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwaso ezincwadini kwakulinganiselwe ezindimeni nasezingomeni zomdabu. Ekhulwini le-19, kwasungulwa uhlobo olujwayelekile lwesi-albania futhi lwasetshenziswa ezikoleni, emaphephandabeni nasezincwadini zenkolo. Kusukela i-Albania yathola inkululeko Embusweni Wase-Ottoman ngo-1912, iye yaqaphela isi-albania njengolimi lwayo olusemthethweni.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesi-albania?

1. Ugjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg (c.1405 1468): iqhawe lesizwe lase – albania nomlawuli wezempi owakhulula I-Albania ekulawulweni Yi-Ottoman. Wabhala nemisebenzi eminingi ngesi-albania, enikeza ulimi ukwethembeka.
2. Upashko vasa (17641824): Umshisekeli wezwe nombhali owabhala enye yezincwadi zokuqala ezaziwayo ngesi-albania, ethi "Umkhosi wezinkomo".
3. Usami Frashëri (18501904): imbongi Nombhali Ovelele owaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zesimanje zase-albania.
4. Uluigj gurakuqi (18791925): isazi semfundo Esivelele sase-albania, isazi sezilimi nombhali owaba nethonya elikhulu ekulinganisweni nasekuhlanganisweni kolimi lwesi-albania.
5. Unaim Frashëri (18461900): Imbongi, umbhali wemidlalo kanye nomlobi owaba nesandla ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zesimanje zase-albania.

Ulimi lwesi-albania lwakhiwa kanjani?

Isi-albania siwulimi lomkhaya Wamandiya Aseyurophu, ingxenye yebalkan sprachbund. Izihlobo zayo eziseduze kakhulu ezinye izilimi zebalkan sprachbund njengesigreki nesimacedonia. Umnyombo wesi-albania uqukethe izilimi ezimbili, Isigheg Nesitosk, ezakhiwe ngezilimi ezincane nezinhlobo ngazinye. Lolu limi lunemisindo ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise neyodwa eyingqayizivele yesi-albania ebizwa ngokuthi i-implosive. Iphinde isebenzise isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokwehla kwegama, ukuhlanganiswa kwesenzo, nokuvumelana phakathi kwezibizo namagama. Isi-albania siwulimi oluthambekele kakhulu, olunokwakheka okucebile nesakhiwo.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Albanian ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokuthenga eziyisisekelo Albanian ulimi course noma incwadi futhi ukuyifunda. Lokhu kuzokunikeza isisekelo esiqinile ezisekelweni zolimi.
2. Prakthiza njalo. Makeiseka ukuprakthiza ukukhuluma, ukulalela, ukufunda, nokubhala ngesi-albania njalo.
3. Eng nolimi. Lalela Albanian audio okuqoshiwe, ubuke Albanian ithelevishini imibukiso namabhayisikobho, futhi uthole izikhulumi bomdabu Albanian ukukhuluma.
4. Sebenzisa imithombo eku-inthanethi. Joyina isithangami online for abafundi ulimi, sebenzisa tutorials online, futhi bheka up amazwi kanye nemithetho lolimi online.
5. Thatha ikilasi. Uma kungenzeka, cabanga ngokuthatha isigaba solimi lwesi-albania. Lokhu kungaba yindlela enhle yokuthola usizo kumfundisi onolwazi.

Isitatar siwulimi olukhulunywa Kakhulu Eriphabhuliki Yasetatarstan, eyingxenye Yerussian federation. Luwulimi Lwesiturkic futhi luhlobene nezinye izilimi Zesiturkic ezinjengesiturkey, isi-Uzbek nesikazakh. Kukhulunywa nasezingxenyeni Ezithile Zase-Azerbaijan, E-Ukraine Nasekazakhstan. Isitatar siwulimi olusemthethweni Etatarstan futhi sisetshenziswa kwezemfundo nasekuphathweni kukahulumeni.

Ngokwanda Kombuso waserussia, ulimi lwesitatar lwaphoqeleka ukuba lufundwe ezikoleni ezisezindaweni ezaba ingxenye Yetatarstan. Lokhu kwaholela ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwalo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, kodwa ngawo-1990, lolu limi lwavuselelwa njengoba kwenziwa imizamo yokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwalo.

Uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni, kunezinketho ezimbalwa ezitholakalayo kulabo abafuna ukuhumushela imibhalo olimini lwesitatar. Indlela evame kakhulu yokuqedela inguqulo yesitatar iwukuqasha umhumushi wesitatar onguchwepheshe. Lokhu kunenzuzo yokunemba, njengoba beyojwayelana nemininingwane ehlukahlukene yolimi. Abahumushi abangochwepheshe ngokuvamile banolwazi emikhakheni ethile, njengokuhumusha okungokomthetho, okungokwezokwelapha, nokungokwezimali, ukuze bakwazi ukuhumusha ngokunembile.

Enye indlela ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokuhumusha olusizwa nge-computer. Lezi zinhlelo zenzelwe ukusiza abantu abangakhulumi ulimi lwabo lwendabuko ukuba bahumushe imibhalo ngokushesha nangokunembile. Basebenzisa ama-algorithm ukuze bafanise amagama nemishwana kusuka kolunye ulimi kuya kolunye ngaphandle kokungenela komuntu. Nokho, lezi zinhlelo zingase zingabi ezinembile njengokuba umhumushi ahlole idokhumenti.

Kukhona nezinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezikuyi-internet ezingase zinikeze izinguqulo ezinembile ezisuka esingisini ziye olimini lwesitatar. Lezi zinsizakalo ngokuvamile ziyindlela eshibhe kunazo zonke, kodwa azikwazi ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi efanayo nomhumushi onguchwepheshe. Uma ufuna isixazululo esisheshayo nesingabizi kakhulu sokuhumusha isitatar, lokhu kungaba inketho enhle. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi usebenzisa isevisi ehloniphekile ukuqinisekisa ukunemba.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela oyithathayo ukuze uhumushe isitatar, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukunemba ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezingaba khona esikhathini esizayo. Ngokuvamile ukuba nenguqulo yobuchwepheshe kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokufeza lokhu, kodwa uma izindleko ziyinkinga, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezikuyi-internet noma izinhlelo ezisizwa nge-computer zingasiza.

Yiluphi ulimi lwesitatar olukhulunywa kuwo?

Ulimi lwesitatar lukhulunywa Kakhulu Erussia, kunabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-6 abakhuluma isitatar. Kukhulunywa nakwamanye amazwe Afana Ne-Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, turkey neturkmenistan.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesitatar?

Ulimi lwesitatar, olwaziwa nangokuthi isikazan tatar, luwulimi Lwesiturkic lweqembu lekipchak olukhulunywa kakhulu Eriphabhulikhi yasetatarstan, isifunda saserussia federation. Kukhulunywa nakwezinye izingxenye Zaserussia, E-Uzbekistan Nasekazakhstan. Umlando wolimi lwesitatar uqala ngekhulu le-10 lapho Amabulgaria Asevolga amukela Ubusulumane futhi aba Amatatar anamuhla. Phakathi nenkathi Yegolden horde (ngekhulu le-13 kuya kwele-15), Amatatar ayebuswa amamongol futhi ulimi lwesitatar lwaqala ukuthonywa kakhulu izilimi zesimongolia nesipheresiya. Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, lolu limi luye lwashintsha kakhulu ngenxa yokuxhumana kwalo nezinye izilimi Zesiturkic, kanye nesi-arabhu nesipheresiya. Ngenxa yalokho, sekuwulimi oluyingqayizivele oluhlukile ezihlotsheni zalo eziseduze futhi kuye kwavela izilimi ezihlukahlukene zesifunda. Incwadi yokuqala eyabhalwa ngolimi lwesitatar yanyatheliswa ngo-1584, enesihloko esithi "Divân-i lügati 't-türk". Kusukela ngekhulu le-19, Ulimi lwesitatar luye lwaqashelwa Ngezinga elihlukahlukene Umbuso waserussia bese kuba Isoviet Union. Yanikezwa isikhundla esisemthethweni Etatarstan ngesikhathi Sesoviet, kodwa yabhekana nokucindezelwa ngesikhathi sikastalin. Ngo-1989, izinhlamvu zamagama zesitatar zashintshwa zisuka Olimini Lwesicyrillic zaya Olimini Lwesilatini kwathi Ngo-1998, Iriphabhuliki yasetatarstan yamemezela ukuthi ulimi lwesitatar luwulimi olusemthethweni. Namuhla, lolu limi lusakhulunywa abantu Abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-8 Erussia, ikakhulukazi emphakathini wamatatar.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesitatar?

1. Ugabdulla tukay (18501913): imbongi nombhali wemidlalo yasetatar owabhala ngezilimi zase-Uzbek, isirashiya nesitatar futhi waba nesandla ekwandiseni ulimi nezincwadi zesitatar.
2. U-Äläskärä mirgäzizi (wekhulu le-17): umbhali ongumtatar owabhala uhlelo lolimi oluyingqopha-mlando lolimi lwesitatar futhi kuthiwa nguye owasungula isitayela esiyingqayizivele sokubhala izinkondlo.
3. Utegähirä Askänavi (18851951): isazi sezilimi nesitatar ucwaningo lwaso ngolimi lwesitatar lwalubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwalo.
4. Umäxämmädiar zarnäkäev (ngekhulu le-19): umbhali wesitatar kanye nembongi eyabhala isichazamazwi sokuqala sesitatar sanamuhla futhi yasiza ekuvumelaniseni ulimi lwesitatar.
5. U-Ildär faizi (1926-2007): umbhali nomlobi wezindaba wasetatar owabhala izindaba eziningi nezincwadi ngesitatar futhi waba negalelo elikhulu ekuvuseleleni ulimi lwezincwadi lwesitatar.

Isakhiwo solimi lwesitatar sinjani?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesitatar sihlelekile, sinendlela ejwayelekile yokuhlanganisa. Inamacala amane (okubizwa ngegama, okubizwa ngegama, okubizwa ngegama kanye nokubizwa kwegama) kanye nobulili obuthathu (obesilisa, obesifazane, nobungathathi.). Izenzo zihlanganiswa umuntu, inombolo, nesimo sengqondo, futhi amagama ayancipha ngesimo, ubulili, nenombolo. Ulimi lunesimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokubeka amagama nezinhlayiya ezingabonisa izici ezinjengesici, isiqondiso, nendlela.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Tatar ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Makeiseka ukuthi unayo ukufinyelela material quality-Kukhona eziningi omuhle kakhulu tatar ulimi learning imithombo kuyatholakala inthanethi futhi ezitolo zezincwadi, ngakhoureiseka ukuthi ukufinyelela material best kungenzeka.
2. Zijwayeze alfabhethi-Njengoba Tatar kulotshiwe cyrillic script ,ureiseka ukuthi ujwayelene alfabhethi esiyingqayizivele ngaphambi ungena ekufundeni ulimi.
3. Funda pronunciation and stress-Tatar isebenzisa uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi izinguquko onkamisa nokugcizelela on imisho, kanjalo abenza pronunciation yakho futhi bafunde ukuqaphela umehluko phakathi onkamisa kugcizelelwe futhi unstressed.
4. Ukujwayelana nemithetho eyisisekelo yohlelo lolimi nesakhiwo – ukuqonda kahle uhlelo lolimi oluyisisekelo nesakhiwo somusho kuyisihluthulelo uma kuziwa ekufundeni noma yiluphi ulimi.
5. Lalela, watch and funda-Ukulalela, ukubukela nokufunda in Tatar kuzokusiza ukuba uthole ukujwayela umsindo ulimi, kanye akunike umkhuba silulumagama nemishwana.
6. Yiba nezingxoxo-Ukuba nezingxoxo njalo nomuntu okhuluma isitatar kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda noma yiluphi ulimi. Zama ukukhuluma kancane futhi ngokucacile ekuqaleni futhi ungesabi ukwenza amaphutha.