Isihebheru Isi-arabh Humusha

Eminyakeni yamuva Kuye Kwaba Nesidingo Esikhulayo Sabahumushi besiheberu

Isidingo sokuhunyushwa kwesiheberu siyanda, njengoba amabhizinisi amaningi ngokwengeziwe edinga izinsizakalo ukuze anqamule umgoqo wolimi phakathi kwawo nezinhlangano ezihlangene nawo phesheya kwezilwandle. Esikhathini esidlule, lokhu kwakulinganiselwe kakhulu ekuhumusheni imibhalo yenkolo, kodwa izwe lanamuhla liye labona ukwanda okukhulu kwezokuxhumana phakathi kwamasiko, okwaholela ekwandeni kwesidingo sabahumushi besiheberu.

Njengolunye lwezilimi ezindala kunazo zonke emhlabeni, isiheberu siyinkimbinkimbi futhi sinemininingwane eminingi. Futhi ulimi olusemthethweni Kwa-Israyeli, okwenza kube okubaluleke ngokwengeziwe ukuba amabhizinisi omhlaba wonke akwazi ukuthola izinsizakalo zokuhumusha isiheberu ezinokwethenjelwa. Njengoba kunezikhulumi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-9 emhlabeni wonke, akukho ukushoda kwamakhasimende angase adinge usizo lokuhumusha imibhalo yawo, amawebhusayithi, izinhlelo zokusebenza, noma ngisho nama-e-mail avela noma aya olimini lwesiheberu.

Nokho, ngenxa yobunzima bayo, ukuhumusha isiheberu kungaba umsebenzi onzima. Umhumushi akumelwe nje kuphela abe nekhono lokukhuluma ulimi ngokwalo, kodwa kumelwe futhi aqaphele ama-nuances nezilimi ezicashile ezisetshenziswa amasiko nezifunda ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lolimi lwesiheberu luhluke kakhulu esingisini, ngakho umhumushi kumelwe azijwayeze zombili ukuze adlulisele ngokunembile incazelo yombhalo wokuqala.

Ngenhlanhla, abahumushi abangamaheberu abanolwazi batholakala kabanzi emhlabeni wonke. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna umhumushi ozinikele ukusiza ekusebenzelaneni kwakho kwebhizinisi lamazwe omhlaba, noma othile ukusiza ngokuhumusha idokhumenti yesikhathi esisodwa, ungathola uchwepheshe ofanelekayo ongasiza.

Kusukela kwezomthetho nakwezokwelapha kuya kwezezimali nakwezamasiko, ukuba nekhono ekuhumusheni isiheberu kungavula umnyango wamathuba amaningi anenzuzo. Njengoba isidingo sezinsizakalo zokuhumusha siqhubeka sikhula, kanjalo nesidingo sabahumushi bekhwalithi kulo mkhakha. Ochwepheshe abanolwazi ngokuqinisekile bayothola umsebenzi omningi, kuyilapho labo abasha ekuhumusheni bengazuza ekufuneni okwandayo ngokwandisa amakhono abo.

Yiluphi ulimi lwesiheberu olukhulunywa kuwo?

Isiheberu sikhulunywa Kwa-Israyeli, E-United States, Ecanada, Efrance Nase-Argentina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziselwa izinjongo ezingokwenkolo kwamanye amazwe amaningi, kuhlanganise Ne-United Kingdom, Ijalimane, Isweden nebulgaria.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesiheberu?

Ulimi lwesiheberu lunomlando wasendulo futhi onemigqa. Lolunye lwezilimi ezindala kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi luyingxenye ebalulekile yobunikazi namasiko Amajuda. Kukholakala ukuthi uhlobo lokuqala lwesiheberu lwavela endaweni Yasepalestine phakathi nekhulu le-12 b. c. e. Isiheberu sasiwulimi oluyinhloko Lwama-Israyeli phakathi nenkathi Yebhayibheli, futhi kamuva saba ulimi lwezincwadi Zorabi nemithandazo.
Ngesikhathi Sokuthunjwa Ebabiloni kusukela ngo-586 kuya ku-538 bce, Amajuda amukela amagama athile ase-Akkadian. Ngemva kokuwa Kwethempeli Lesibili NGO-70 ce, isiheberu saqala ukwehla kancane kancane ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke, futhi ulimi olukhulunywayo kancane kancane lwaguqukela ezilimini ezihlukahlukene, Njengesi-Aramu Samajuda Asepalestine Nesiyiddish. Ukusetshenziswa kwesiheberu kwavuselelwa ekhulwini le-19 ngokuzalwa kwemibono Yamaziyoni nokusungulwa Kombuso wanamuhla Wakwaisrayeli ngo-1948. Namuhla, isiheberu sikhulunywa izigidi Zabantu Kwa-Israyeli nasemhlabeni wonke.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesiheberu?

1. U-Eliezer ben-yehuda (18581922): Owaziwa ngokuthi "Uyise wesiheberu Sanamuhla", Uben-yehuda waba nengxenye enkulu ekuvuseleleni ulimi lwesiheberu, olwalusuke seluphelile njengolimi olukhulunywayo. Wasungula isichazamazwi sokuqala sesiheberu sanamuhla, wenza isimiso sokupela esivamile futhi wabhala izincwadi eziningi ukuze asize ekusakazeni ulwazi lolimi.
2. Umoses mendelssohn (17291786): Umjuda wasejalimane okuthiwa nguye owethula isiko lesiheberu Nelamajuda kubantu abaningi abakhuluma isijalimane. Ukuhumusha Kwakhe Itorah isuka olimini lwesiheberu iya olimini lwesijalimane kwaletha umbhalo ezilalelini eziningi futhi kwasiza ekwandiseni ukwamukelwa kwesiheberu Eyurophu.
3. Uhayim nachman Bialik (18731934): imbongi nesikhwicamfundo esivelele Sakwa-Israyeli, Ubialik wayengumsekeli omkhulu wokwenza isiheberu sibe sesimanje nokwakha isiko elicebile lezincwadi zesiheberu. Wabhala izincwadi eziningi zakudala ngalolu limi futhi wethula amagama nemishwana emisha yesiheberu evame ukusetshenziswa namuhla.
4. U-Ezra ben-yehuda (18581922): Indodana Ka-Eliyezeri, lesi sazi sezilimi nesazi sezichazamazwi sathatha umsebenzi kayise futhi saqhubeka nawo. Wadala i-thesaurus yokuqala yesiheberu, wabhala kabanzi ngohlelo lolimi lwesiheberu, futhi wabambisana ngokubhala iphephandaba lokuqala lesiheberu lanamuhla.
5. Uchaim nachman Bialik (18731934): Umfowabo Kahayim, Uchaim naye waba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesiheberu. Wayengumgxeki wezincwadi odumile, ekhethekile ezincwadini zesiheberu futhi ethuthukisa umtapo wezincwadi wesiheberu. Wayephethe nokuhumushela izincwadi zakudala ezilimini Zaseyurophu olimini lwesiheberu.

Isakhiwo solimi lwesiheberu sinjani?

Ulimi lwesiheberu luwulimi Lwamasemite futhi lulandela isimiso sokubhala sama-abjad. Ibhalwe kusuka kwesokudla kuya kwesobunxele, kusetshenziswa izinhlamvu zesiheberu. Ukuhleleka kwamagama okuyisisekelo komusho wesiheberu kuyisenzo–isihloko–into. Amagama, izimelabizo, izimelabizo, nezichasiso ziguqulwa ukuze kuboniswe ubulili, inombolo, kanye/noma ukuba nazo. Izenzo zihlanganiswa ukuze kutholakale umuntu, inombolo, ubulili, isikhathi, isimo sengqondo, nesici.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi lwesiheberu ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start nge alfabhethi. Thola ukhululekile ukufunda, ukubiza nokubhala izincwadi. 2. Funda eziyisisekelo lolimi Hebrew. Start ngokuhlanganiswa kwesenzo nokwehla kwegama. 3. Yakha silulumagama yakho. Funda amagama ayisisekelo ezifana izinsuku zesonto, izinyanga, izinombolo, imishwana ezivamile kanye nezinkulumo. 4. Prakthiza ukukhuluma isiheberu nge isikhulumi bomdabu. Ingxoxo ingenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokufunda! 5. Funda imibhalo yesiheberu ubuke amavidiyo ngesiheberu nge izihlokwana. 6. Lalela umculo Hebrew kanye okuqoshiwe audio. 7. Sebenzisa imithombo yesiheberu eku-inthanethi. Kunamawebhusayithi amaningi awusizo nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokufunda isiheberu. 8. Yenza isiheberu sibe ingxenye yokuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke. Ukufaka lolu limi nsuku zonke kuzokusiza ukuba uluthathe ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ukubaluleka kokuhunyushwa kwesi-arabhu akunakugcizelelwa ngokweqile. Njengolunye lwezilimi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, isi-arabhu siyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuxhumana emikhakheni eminingi yokuphila. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhizinisi, ezombangazwe, ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe noma ukushintshana ngamasiko, ukuhumusha kusuka olimini lwesi-arabhu kuya kwezinye izilimi, futhi okuphambene nalokho, kungaba okubalulekile ekuxhumaneni okuphumelelayo.

Ebhizinisini, ikhono lokuhumusha ngokunembile imibhalo yebhizinisi nezincwadi libaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba amazwe akhuluma isi-arabhu eba yingxenye ebalulekile yomnotho womhlaba, abahumushi abanekhono besi-arabhu babalulekile ezingxoxweni eziphumelelayo, ekumaketheni nasekusebenzeleni amakhasimende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwazi lwezinsizakalo zokuhumusha ngesi-arabhu lusiza izinkampani ukuba zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho zakha izimpahla, izinsizakalo namasu emakethe ekhuluma isi-arabhu.

Ngokwezombangazwe, ukuhumusha kusuka olimini lwesi-arabhu kuya kwezinye izilimi ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi wonke amaqembu asekhasini elilodwa. Kusukela ekuqondeni izivumelwano zokuhwebelana nenqubomgomo yezangaphandle kuya ekuqondiseni izingxoxo zokuthula, ukuhumusha ngesi-arabhu kunendima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izithakazelo nemibono ehlukene iyahlonishwa.

Ngokwesiko, ukuhumusha isi-arabhu kubalulekile ekuqondeni umlando, izincwadi, izinkondlo, inkolo nobuciko bemiphakathi ekhuluma isi-arabhu. Ngokuhunyushwa okunembile kwemibhalo, abezindaba, imibhalo, nezingxoxo ezikhulunywayo, abantu bangafunda ngemikhuba yamasiko eyingqayizivele yalaba bantu. Ukuze sinikeze isibonelo, izinguqulo zesingisi zezincwadi zakudala zesi-arabhu ezinjenge-Thousand And One nights zingasiza labo abanesithakazelo sokufunda ngamasiko Ama-Arabhu namasiko awo.

Ekugcineni, emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ukubhalwa kwemibhalo yezokwelapha yesi-arabhu kuwumsebenzi obalulekile onganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi odokotela abasichitha bezama ukuhumusha le mibhalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhumusha okunembile kungasiza ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ngokuvumela izisebenzi zezokwelapha ukuba ziqonde ngokushesha umlando wezokwelapha wesiguli nezidingo zokunakekelwa.

Kusukela kwezamabhizinisi nakwezombangazwe kuya ezincwadini nakwezokwelapha, ukubaluleka kokuhunyushwa kwesi-arabhu akunakugcizelelwa ngokweqile. Abahumushi abanekhono kudingeka bavale ngokunembile igebe phakathi kwamasiko futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ukuxhumana kuhlala kucacile futhi kufushane. Ngokuhumusha okunembile, izinkampani, izinhlangano, abantu ngabanye, nezizwe zingakwazi ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo, okwenza kube lula ukuzulazula emhlabeni.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isi-arabhu?

Isi-arabhu siwulimi olusemthethweni e-Algeria, Ebahrain, Ecomoros, Echad, Edjibouti, Egibhithe, E-Iraq, Ejordani, Ekuwait, Elebanon, Elibya, Emauritania, Emorocco, E-Oman, Epalestine, Eqatar, Esaudi Arabia, Esomalia, Esudan, Esyria, Etunisia, E-United Arab Emirates Naseyemen. Kukhulunywa nasezingxenyeni ezithile zamanye amazwe, kuhlanganise nasezingxenyeni Ezithile Zase-United States, Efrance, Espain Nase-Israel.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesi-arabhu?

Ulimi lwesi-arabhu lunomlando omude futhi ovelele, ohlanganisa iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili. Kukholakala ukuthi lolu limi lwavela ohlotsheni lwezilimi zamasemite zasendulo, okucatshangwa ukuthi zavela Enhlonhlweni Yase-arabia ngekhulu lesi-4 bc. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lolu limi lwasakazekela nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalo kwatholakala ezingxenyeni Ezithile Ze-Afrika Nasempumalanga Ephakathi.
Ulimi lwathola izinguquko eziningana ezibalulekile phakathi neminyaka yalo yokuqala, hhayi okungenani ukwanda Kobusulumane ngekhulu lesi-7 ad kanye nokwethulwa Kwekoran. Lokhu kwasiza ekwakheni ulimi, kwaletha amagama amasha amaningana, imishwana nemigomo yohlelo lolimi, kuyilapho kuqiniswa nokusetshenziswa kwesi-Arabhu Sakudala.
Emakhulwini eminyaka kusukela yasakazeka emhlabeni wonke, ulimi lwesi-arabhu luye lwaba ingxenye ebalulekile yezincwadi, lapho luye lwasetshenziselwa khona ukwenza imisebenzi engaphelelwa isikhathi yezinkondlo, ifilosofi nemfundiso yenkolo. Ezikhathini zamuva, iye yamukelwa nasezifundweni eziningi zesayensi, isekelwe emlandweni wayo ocebile njengolimi lolwazi nokukhuluma kahle.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesi-arabhu?

1. U-Abu al-Qasim al-zahiri (wekhulu lesi – 9 kuya kwele-10) - isazi sohlelo lolimi esivelele, kuthiwa wakhiqiza imisebenzi eminingi ngolimi lwesi-arabhu, kuhlanganise Nekitab al-Ayn (Incwadi Yolwazi), omunye wemisebenzi yokuqala futhi ebaluleke kakhulu yohlelo lolimi lwesi-arabhu lwakudala.
2. U-Ibn Qutaiba (828896 ad) – umbhali onethonya nesazi esabhala umsebenzi onemiqulu engu-12 ngohlelo lolimi lwesi-arabhu nezilimi ezinesihloko Esithi kitab al-shi 'r wa al-Shu' ara (Incwadi yezinkondlo Nezimbongi).
3. U-al – Jahiz (776869 ad) - umuntu othandekayo wezincwadi nesazi-mlando, imisebenzi yakhe yahlola izihloko eziningi kusukela kuhlelo lolimi kuya kwezesayensi yezilwane.
4. U – Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad (717791 ad) isazi sezilimi esidumile nesazi esasisebenzisa uhlelo lwaso lwezilimi Ekitab al-Ayn (Incwadi Yolwazi) yamukelwa kabanzi ngekhulu lesi-8.
5. U-Ibn muqaffa ' (721756 ad) – umhumushi odumile nommeli wokusetshenziswa kwezilimi zomdabu imisebenzi yakhe yayihlanganisa ukuhunyushwa kwemisebenzi yasendulo yasepheresiya ngesi-arabhu.

Ulimi lwesi-arabhu lunesakhiwo esingakanani?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesi-arabhu sisekelwe ekubunjweni kwezimpande namaphethini. Amagama amaningi olimini atholakala emsukeni onezinhlamvu ezintathu( ezinhlangothi ezintathu), lapho kungangezwa khona onkamisa abahlukahlukene nemisindo ukuze kwakhiwe amagama amasha anencazelo ehlobene. Lokhu kutholakala kuhilela ukushintsha onkamisa nemisindo, kanye nokwengeza iziqalo noma izijobelelo. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenza ulimi lwesi-arabhu lucebe ngendlela emangalisayo futhi luveze imizwa yalo.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Arabic ngendlela efanele kunazo?

1. Thola umfundisi ofanelekayo. Uma ufuna ukufunda ulimi Arabic ngendlela efanele kakhulu, indlela engcono yokwenza lokhu ukuthola umfundisi ofanelekayo ongakufundisa. Bheka umfundisi onolwazi lokufundisa ulimi futhi angakusiza uqonde izakhiwo zohlelo lolimi kanye nemininingwane yolimi.
2. Sebenzisa imithombo ehlukahlukene. Nakuba ukufunda kumfundisi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda ulimi ngendlela efanele, kufanele usebenzise nezinye izinsiza ezinjengezincwadi, izifundo ezikuyi-internet, ama-video akuyi-internet, nezinto ezilalelwayo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ulimi ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene futhi kuzokusiza uthole ukuqonda okungcono kolimi.
3. Prakthiza njalo. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuba umuntu akwazi ukukhuluma kahle ulimi iwukuzijwayeza njalo. Prakthiza ukubhala, ukukhuluma, ukufunda, nokulalela ulimi. Zama ukuzicwilisa olimini ngokubuka amafilimu esi-arabhu, ukukhuluma nabantu abakhuluma isi-arabhu, noma ukulalela umculo wesi-arabhu.
4. Yenze eyakho ngempela. The more ungakwazi ngezifiso yokufunda yakho isipiliyoni, the kangcono off uzoba. Thola ukuthi yimaphi amasu asebenza kangcono ngohlobo lwakho lokufunda bese wenza ngokwezifiso indlela yakho yolimi ngokufanele.