Isi-Hindi Isilatvia Humusha

Isihindi siwulimi oluyinhloko olukhulunywa abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-500 Endiya nasemazweni amaningi ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke. Lolunye lwezilimi ezisemthethweni Endiya, kanye nesingisi nezinye izilimi zesifunda. Ukuhumusha isihindi kuye kwaba okubaluleke ngokwengeziwe eminyakeni yamuva njengoba isidingo sokuxhumana phakathi kwabakhuluma Isihindi nesingisi sikhula.

Ulimi Lwesihindi luyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela emangalisayo futhi lunezilimi ezihlukahlukene. Lolu limi luhlanganisa amagama ahlukahlukene athathwe emithonjeni yesisanskrit, Isi-Urdu nesipheresiya, okwenza kube nenhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezilimi. Ukuhumusha kusuka kolunye ulimi kuya kolunye kungaba nzima kakhulu futhi kudle isikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni imibhalo ebhaliwe noma amakhasi ewebhu. Ngenxa yalokho, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha Ngesihindi zifunwa kakhulu, okuvumela amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye ukuba bashintshe ngokushesha nangokunembile imibhalo nemibhalo Ngesihindi.

Lapho ukhetha umhumushi wesihindi, kubalulekile ukukhetha umuntu oqonda ama-nuances olimi, kanye nezilimi zalo ezihlukahlukene. Abahumushi abanolwazi bayoluqonda ngokujulile ulimi nohlelo lwayo lolimi, olubalulekile ekukhiqizeni izinguqulo ezinembile. Ziyojwayelana namagama asetshenziswa ezimbonini ezithile nasezimweni ezithile, ukuze umbhalo ungalahlekelwa yinoma iyiphi incazelo yawo yasekuqaleni enqubweni yokuhumusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhumushi omuhle Wesihindi uyoba nolwazi ngemithetho yamasiko ehlobene nolimi futhi aqiniseke ukuthi noma yiziphi izinto ezihunyushiwe ziyakucabangela lokhu.

Ukuhumusha isihindi kuyikhono elikhethekile kakhulu, futhi kubalulekile ukuqasha abahumushi abanolwazi, abaqeqeshiwe kuphela. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinsizakalo zokuhumusha eziku-inthanethi ezinganikeza ukuhumusha Kwesihindi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuhlola lezi zinkampani ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nekhwalithi. Izinguqulo ezinhle kakhulu ziyobamba umoya wolimi, kunokuba nje zinikeze ukuhunyushwa okungokoqobo kwamagama.

Ukuhumusha isihindi kuyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuvaleni igebe lokuxhumana phakathi kwabakhuluma Isihindi nesingisi. Ngosizo lwabahumushi abangochwepheshe, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukuxhumana ngokunembile nangempumelelo namakhasimende awo akhuluma izilimi ezimbili, kuyilapho abantu ngabanye bengakwazi ukuxhumana nomkhaya nabangane ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo Isihindi?

Isihindi sikhulunywa Kakhulu Endiya Nasenepal, kodwa sikhulunywa nakwamanye amazwe kubandakanya Ibangladesh, Iguyana, Imauritius, Ipakistan, Itrinidad Netobago, Isuriname, I-Uganda, I-United Arab Emirates, I-United Kingdom, I-United states Neyemen.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesihindi?

Ulimi Lwesihindi lunomsuka walo olimini Lwesisanskrit Lwasendiya lasendulo olwavela esikhathini Samaveda (c.1500 500 bce). Isihindi siyingxenye yolimi lwesi-Indo-Aryan noma Lwesi-indic, futhi singolunye lwezilimi ezisemthethweni Zasendiya.
Ngekhulu le-14 ithonya lamapheresiya lalibalulekile ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho Yendiya futhi kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kolimi Lwesikhariboli oluyisandulela Sesihindi sanamuhla. Ngekhulu le-16, Umbuso Wamamughal wasakaza ithonya Lawo Kulo Lonke Elasendiya futhi lokhu kwaholela ekusakazekeni kolimi Lwesi-Urdu, oluvela olimini lwesi-arabhu nolwesipheresiya olwaluxubene nolimi lwendabuko Lwasekhariboli. Lolu limi oluxubekile lwalusetshenziselwa izinjongo zemibhalo nezokuphatha futhi lwaziwa Ngokuthi Isihindustani okubhekwa njengolandulela Kokubili Isi-Urdu Nesihindi.
I-British raj yaba nengxenye ekuthuthukiseni Isihindi. Imibhalo Yamahindu yahunyushelwa embhalweni Wesidevanagari, umbhalo osasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Phakathi nokubusa kwabo, Abasebrithani bakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwesingisi kangangokuthi abantu abaningi bamukela isingisi njengolimi lwabo abaluthandayo. Nokho izikole zazifundisa ngezinhlamvu Zesidevanagari, zikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa Kwesihindi.
Ngo-1949, kwaqashelwa izinhlobo ezimbili Ezihlukene Zesihindustani: Isihindi, esibhalwe ngezinhlamvu Zesidevanagari Nesi-Urdu, esibhalwe ngezinhlamvu zesipheresiya nesi-arabhu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isihindi siye sathandwa kakhulu futhi manje siwulimi olukhulunywa Kakhulu Endiya.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesihindi?

1. U-Amir Khusro: imbongi nomculi omkhulu wamasufi, owabhala ngesipheresiya, isi-arabhu nesihindi, kuthiwa wadala isitayela esihlukile somculo wakudala Wasendiya owaziwa ngokuthi iqawwali. Uphinde adunyiswe ngokwenza ukusetshenziswa kolimi Lwesihindustani kwaziwa kakhulu okuhlanganisa izakhi zesisanskrit nesipheresiya.
2. Usubhadra Kumari Chauhan: uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi " unightingale Wasendiya "ngenkondlo yakhe edumile ethi" Jhansi ki rani " esebenza njengogqozi lowesifazane wanamuhla Wasendiya.
3. Uhazari Prasad Dwivedi: wayengumbhali okhiqiza kakhulu, isazi nomgxeki owabhala kabanzi ngezincwadi Zesihindi. Uphinde adunyiswe ngokwenza umphakathi wezincwadi ze - 'chhayawadi' owawufuna ukuthuthukisa isitayela esihlukile sezincwadi Zesihindi.
4. Umahadevi Verma: imbongi eyaziwayo, wayengomunye wamaphayona omzabalazo Wechhayawadi. Wayedume ngezinkondlo zakhe zobunyoninco futhi imibhalo yakhe yayiyindlela yokuphikisa izindinganiso zobu-orthodox.
5. Upremchand: ubhekwa njengombhali wezincwadi wasendiya omkhulu kunabo bonke Futhi ungumbhali wezindaba ezimfushane. Amanoveli akhe anikeza ukuqonda ngokuphila Endiya yangaphambi kokuzimela, futhi imisebenzi yakhe isafundwa kabanzi futhi yaziswa.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesihindi sinjani?

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesihindi sisekelwe ohlelweni LWE-sov (subject-object-verb). Isebenzisa futhi umbhalo Wesidevanagari ukuze ibhalwe. Isihindi siwulimi olunezikhathi zokugcizelela olunokwakheka okucebile okuhlanganisa izijobelelo, izijobelelo, nokuhlanganiswa. Kukhona futhi ukuhlanganiswa okusekelwe ebulilini nasenombolweni.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Hindi ngendlela efanele kunazo?

1. Buka Movie Hindi nge izihlokwana. Ukubukela Amabhayisikobho Hindi kuyindlela enkulu ukujwayelana ulimi namasiko, kanye ukufunda amagama amasha kanye nezinkulumo. Thola movie ezithakazelisayo kuwe, wafaka izihlokwana bese uqale ukufunda.
2. Lalela podcasts kanye nomsakazo. Ukulalela kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokufunda noma yiluphi ulimi. Lalela podcasts, izinhlelo indian radio, nomculo ukujwayelana imisindo Hindi.
3. Prakthiza ukubhala. Ukubhala kuyindlela enhle yokuzijwayeza uhlelo lolimi lwakho nokupela. Siseka ukubhala kokubili devanagari script kanye latin script.
4. Thatha ikilasi noma usebenzise okokufundisa online. Ukuthatha ikilasi noma usebenzisa isifundo online kungakusiza uthole isingeniso eziyisisekelo hindi lolimi kanye silulumagama.
5. Sebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza mobile noma umdlalo. Kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zeselula nemidlalo etholakalayo ezokusiza ufunde Isihindi ngendlela ejabulisayo nexhumanayo.
6. Gxila engxoxweni. Uma une ukuqonda okuhle eziyisisekelo, indlela engcono kakhulu ukuthuthukisa Hindi yakho iwukuba umkhuba ukukhuluma it. Thola umlingani ulimi, ukukhuluma nabantu bendawo uma uvakashela India, noma ukujoyina umphakathi hindi-abakhuluma online.

Ilatvia yisizwe esincane esisenyakatho-mpumalanga Yeyurophu, Olwandle Ibaltic. Nakuba isilatvia siwulimi lwaso olusemthethweni, isingisi sisetshenziswa kabanzi futhi siyaqondwa kwezinye izingxenye zezwe. Lokhu kwenza kudingeke ukuba abantu abaningi basebenzise izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesilatvia ukuze baxhumane futhi benze ibhizinisi Elatvia.

Isilatvia siwulimi Lwasendiya-Yurophu lwegatsha Lasebaltic. Inokufana okuningi nesilithuania futhi ngezinga elithile, isijalimane. Iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, kwakukhulunywa isilatvia nesirashiya Elatvia. Nokho, namuhla, ngenxa yokuzimela Kwelatvia, isilatvia yilona limi olusemthethweni kuphela.

Isilatvia asiwona ulimi olukhulunywa kabanzi ngaphandle Kwelatvia ngakho-ke, izinhlangano eziningi zidinga izinsizakalo zokuhumusha eziqinisekisiwe zaselatvia lapho zisebenza ngemibhalo yaselatvia nokubhalisana. Abahumushi bomdabu baselatvia abangochwepheshe banganikeza ukuhumusha okunembile kwamanothi ayinkimbinkimbi, imibhalo namaphepha asemthethweni kusuka olimini lwesilatvia kuya esingisini noma okuphambene nalokho.

Ngaphezu kokunikeza ukunemba nekhwalithi, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zaselatvia eziqeqeshiwe ziyaqonda isiko kanye nemininingwane yolimi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi umbhalo ohunyushiwe unamathela ngokuqinile kokwangempela. Lokhu kuyisihluthulelo lapho uhumushela kolunye ulimi, njengoba kusiza ekulondolozeni incazelo yokuqala nomongo.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zaselatvia zihlanganisa ukuhumusha kwezokwelapha, ezomthetho, ezobuchwepheshe, ezobuciko nezamawebhusayithi, kanye nokwenziwa kwendawo kwesoftware. Kunconywa ukuqasha umhumushi certified uma ubhekene imibhalo ebucayi ezifana amaphepha zomthetho, imibiko yezimali inkampani kanye namarekhodi medical In Latvia. I-ejensi enhle yokuhumusha yaselatvia izoqinisekisa ukuthi amadokhumenti akho ahunyushwa ngokunembile ochwepheshe abanolwazi futhi akhululwe kuwe ngesikhathi.

Ekuphetheni, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesilatvia ziye zaba ezibaluleke ngokwengeziwe eminyakeni yamuva njengoba isidingo sokuxhumana nokuqonda okunembile phakathi kwamazwe sikhula. Ukuba nabahumushi bomdabu baselatvia abangochwepheshe kuyasiza emabhizinisini, kanye nakubantu abafuna ukuhamba noma ukuhlala Elatvia.

Yiluphi ulimi olukhulunywa elatvia?

Isilatvia siwulimi olusemthethweni Elatvia futhi sikhulunywa nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zase-Estonia, Erussia, Ekazakhstan Nase-Ukraine.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesilatvia?

Ulimi lwesilatvia luwulimi Lwasendiya-Yurophu oluphakathi kwezilimi zasebaltic. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane sikhulunywa esifundeni Saselatvia, futhi siwulimi olusemthethweni kuleli zwe.
Imibhalo yokuqala yesilatvia eyabhalwa isukela emuva ekhulwini le-16, enezici zolimi ezivezwe emibhalweni enjengenguqulo Yebhayibheli Kamartin luther. Kusukela ngekhulu le-18 kuqhubeke, isilatvia sasetshenziswa ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene zemfundo, iphephandaba lokuqala lanyatheliswa ngalolu limi ngo-1822.
Phakathi nekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, isilatvia sabhekana nenkathi yokuguqulwa kolimi okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yolimi nokucebisa amagama words ngamagama abolekwe kwezinye izilimi Zaseyurophu. Ngemva kokuthola inkululeko, isilatvia samenyezelwa njengolimi olusemthethweni Lwaselatvia ngo-1989.
Ngaphezu kokukhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1,4 Elatvia, isilatvia sisetshenziswa nasemazweni likeengerussia, I-Australia, I-United Kingdom, Icanada, i-United states Nejalimane.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesilatvia?

1. Ukrišjānis Barons (18351923) - isazi sezinkolelo-ze saselatvia, isazi sezilimi, nesazi sezilimi esibhekwa njengesivumelanisa ulimi lwesilatvia lwanamuhla.
2. Ujanis Endzelīns (18601933) isazi sezilimi esivelele saselatvia, okuthiwa nguye owasungula umthetho ojwayelekile nohlelo lolimi lwesilatvia.
3. U-Andrejs Eglītis (18861942) - owokuqala waselatvia ukuthola iziqu zobudokotela kwezolimi, waba nesandla ekubhaleni indlela yokubhala yaselatvia.
4. U - august deglavs (18931972) - umbhali waselatvia onethonya kanye nembongi, owaba nendima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni isiko laselatvia.
5. Uvaldis muktupāvels (1910 1986) isazi sezilimi esivelele saselatvia, wayengomunye wabakhi abakhulu besistimu yamanje yokubhala ulimi lwesilatvia nemithetho yokupela.

Ulimi lwesilatvia lwakhiwa kanjani?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesilatvia siwulimi olushintshashintshayo olufana nezinye izilimi Zasebaltic ezifana nesilithuania Nesiprussia Esidala. Inesimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokwehla kwamagama, ukuhlanganiswa kwezenzi, nezakhi zokwakheka ezinjengobulili, izinombolo, namacala. Isilatvia sibonakala nangamazinga aphakeme okuhlelwa kwemisindo, ukugcizelela, nokushintsha komsindo. Ngokuqondene nesakhiwo sayo, isilatvia silandela uhlelo LWE-svo (Isihloko-Isenzo-Into).

Indlela ukufunda ulimi Latvian ngendlela efanele kunazo?

1.Beg ngokufunda izinto eziyisisekelo: Start ngokuzijwayeza izinhlamvu zamagama, ukubiza amagama okuyisisekelo (amathiphu lapha), kanye nohlelo lolimi olubalulekile (amathiphu amaningi lapha).
2.Thola incwadi: izincwadi Eziningana ziyatholakala ukukusiza ufunde isilatvia; lokhu kuhle ukuqonda uhlelo lolimi, ulimi olubhaliwe, nemishwana evamile. Izincwadi ezimbalwa ezinconywayo ziyi - 'Essential latvian',' Latvian: An Essential Grammar 'ne - 'Learn latvian In 10 Minutes A Day'.
3.Thatha inkambo: Bhalisela inkambo noma uthole umfundisi ukukusiza ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma nokuzwa ulimi. Amanyuvesi amaningi, izikole nabafundisi abazimele banikeza amakilasi nezifundo zomuntu ngamunye ngesilatvia.
4.Lalela umculo waselatvia futhi ubuke I-TV yaselatvia: Ukulalela umculo ngesilatvia kungakusiza ukuba uthathe umculo wolimi namaphethini omculo. Ukubukela IZINHLELO ZE-TV namafilimu aselatvia kungakunika isingeniso esikweni.
5.Prakthiza izingxoxo: Once ubhekene ukhululekile ne eziyisisekelo, zama ukuzibandakanya ezingxoxweni izikhulumi bomdabu. Uma kungekho izikhulumi bomdabu Latvian eduze nawe, sebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana Tandem noma Ukhulume ukuzijayeza nabalingani abavela emhlabeni wonke.