Isi-Hindi Ikazakh Humusha

Isihindi siwulimi oluyinhloko olukhulunywa abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-500 Endiya nasemazweni amaningi ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke. Lolunye lwezilimi ezisemthethweni Endiya, kanye nesingisi nezinye izilimi zesifunda. Ukuhumusha isihindi kuye kwaba okubaluleke ngokwengeziwe eminyakeni yamuva njengoba isidingo sokuxhumana phakathi kwabakhuluma Isihindi nesingisi sikhula.

Ulimi Lwesihindi luyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela emangalisayo futhi lunezilimi ezihlukahlukene. Lolu limi luhlanganisa amagama ahlukahlukene athathwe emithonjeni yesisanskrit, Isi-Urdu nesipheresiya, okwenza kube nenhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezilimi. Ukuhumusha kusuka kolunye ulimi kuya kolunye kungaba nzima kakhulu futhi kudle isikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni imibhalo ebhaliwe noma amakhasi ewebhu. Ngenxa yalokho, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha Ngesihindi zifunwa kakhulu, okuvumela amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye ukuba bashintshe ngokushesha nangokunembile imibhalo nemibhalo Ngesihindi.

Lapho ukhetha umhumushi wesihindi, kubalulekile ukukhetha umuntu oqonda ama-nuances olimi, kanye nezilimi zalo ezihlukahlukene. Abahumushi abanolwazi bayoluqonda ngokujulile ulimi nohlelo lwayo lolimi, olubalulekile ekukhiqizeni izinguqulo ezinembile. Ziyojwayelana namagama asetshenziswa ezimbonini ezithile nasezimweni ezithile, ukuze umbhalo ungalahlekelwa yinoma iyiphi incazelo yawo yasekuqaleni enqubweni yokuhumusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhumushi omuhle Wesihindi uyoba nolwazi ngemithetho yamasiko ehlobene nolimi futhi aqiniseke ukuthi noma yiziphi izinto ezihunyushiwe ziyakucabangela lokhu.

Ukuhumusha isihindi kuyikhono elikhethekile kakhulu, futhi kubalulekile ukuqasha abahumushi abanolwazi, abaqeqeshiwe kuphela. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinsizakalo zokuhumusha eziku-inthanethi ezinganikeza ukuhumusha Kwesihindi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuhlola lezi zinkampani ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nekhwalithi. Izinguqulo ezinhle kakhulu ziyobamba umoya wolimi, kunokuba nje zinikeze ukuhunyushwa okungokoqobo kwamagama.

Ukuhumusha isihindi kuyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuvaleni igebe lokuxhumana phakathi kwabakhuluma Isihindi nesingisi. Ngosizo lwabahumushi abangochwepheshe, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukuxhumana ngokunembile nangempumelelo namakhasimende awo akhuluma izilimi ezimbili, kuyilapho abantu ngabanye bengakwazi ukuxhumana nomkhaya nabangane ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo Isihindi?

Isihindi sikhulunywa Kakhulu Endiya Nasenepal, kodwa sikhulunywa nakwamanye amazwe kubandakanya Ibangladesh, Iguyana, Imauritius, Ipakistan, Itrinidad Netobago, Isuriname, I-Uganda, I-United Arab Emirates, I-United Kingdom, I-United states Neyemen.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesihindi?

Ulimi Lwesihindi lunomsuka walo olimini Lwesisanskrit Lwasendiya lasendulo olwavela esikhathini Samaveda (c.1500 500 bce). Isihindi siyingxenye yolimi lwesi-Indo-Aryan noma Lwesi-indic, futhi singolunye lwezilimi ezisemthethweni Zasendiya.
Ngekhulu le-14 ithonya lamapheresiya lalibalulekile ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho Yendiya futhi kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kolimi Lwesikhariboli oluyisandulela Sesihindi sanamuhla. Ngekhulu le-16, Umbuso Wamamughal wasakaza ithonya Lawo Kulo Lonke Elasendiya futhi lokhu kwaholela ekusakazekeni kolimi Lwesi-Urdu, oluvela olimini lwesi-arabhu nolwesipheresiya olwaluxubene nolimi lwendabuko Lwasekhariboli. Lolu limi oluxubekile lwalusetshenziselwa izinjongo zemibhalo nezokuphatha futhi lwaziwa Ngokuthi Isihindustani okubhekwa njengolandulela Kokubili Isi-Urdu Nesihindi.
I-British raj yaba nengxenye ekuthuthukiseni Isihindi. Imibhalo Yamahindu yahunyushelwa embhalweni Wesidevanagari, umbhalo osasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Phakathi nokubusa kwabo, Abasebrithani bakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwesingisi kangangokuthi abantu abaningi bamukela isingisi njengolimi lwabo abaluthandayo. Nokho izikole zazifundisa ngezinhlamvu Zesidevanagari, zikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa Kwesihindi.
Ngo-1949, kwaqashelwa izinhlobo ezimbili Ezihlukene Zesihindustani: Isihindi, esibhalwe ngezinhlamvu Zesidevanagari Nesi-Urdu, esibhalwe ngezinhlamvu zesipheresiya nesi-arabhu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isihindi siye sathandwa kakhulu futhi manje siwulimi olukhulunywa Kakhulu Endiya.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesihindi?

1. U-Amir Khusro: imbongi nomculi omkhulu wamasufi, owabhala ngesipheresiya, isi-arabhu nesihindi, kuthiwa wadala isitayela esihlukile somculo wakudala Wasendiya owaziwa ngokuthi iqawwali. Uphinde adunyiswe ngokwenza ukusetshenziswa kolimi Lwesihindustani kwaziwa kakhulu okuhlanganisa izakhi zesisanskrit nesipheresiya.
2. Usubhadra Kumari Chauhan: uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi " unightingale Wasendiya "ngenkondlo yakhe edumile ethi" Jhansi ki rani " esebenza njengogqozi lowesifazane wanamuhla Wasendiya.
3. Uhazari Prasad Dwivedi: wayengumbhali okhiqiza kakhulu, isazi nomgxeki owabhala kabanzi ngezincwadi Zesihindi. Uphinde adunyiswe ngokwenza umphakathi wezincwadi ze - 'chhayawadi' owawufuna ukuthuthukisa isitayela esihlukile sezincwadi Zesihindi.
4. Umahadevi Verma: imbongi eyaziwayo, wayengomunye wamaphayona omzabalazo Wechhayawadi. Wayedume ngezinkondlo zakhe zobunyoninco futhi imibhalo yakhe yayiyindlela yokuphikisa izindinganiso zobu-orthodox.
5. Upremchand: ubhekwa njengombhali wezincwadi wasendiya omkhulu kunabo bonke Futhi ungumbhali wezindaba ezimfushane. Amanoveli akhe anikeza ukuqonda ngokuphila Endiya yangaphambi kokuzimela, futhi imisebenzi yakhe isafundwa kabanzi futhi yaziswa.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesihindi sinjani?

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesihindi sisekelwe ohlelweni LWE-sov (subject-object-verb). Isebenzisa futhi umbhalo Wesidevanagari ukuze ibhalwe. Isihindi siwulimi olunezikhathi zokugcizelela olunokwakheka okucebile okuhlanganisa izijobelelo, izijobelelo, nokuhlanganiswa. Kukhona futhi ukuhlanganiswa okusekelwe ebulilini nasenombolweni.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Hindi ngendlela efanele kunazo?

1. Buka Movie Hindi nge izihlokwana. Ukubukela Amabhayisikobho Hindi kuyindlela enkulu ukujwayelana ulimi namasiko, kanye ukufunda amagama amasha kanye nezinkulumo. Thola movie ezithakazelisayo kuwe, wafaka izihlokwana bese uqale ukufunda.
2. Lalela podcasts kanye nomsakazo. Ukulalela kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokufunda noma yiluphi ulimi. Lalela podcasts, izinhlelo indian radio, nomculo ukujwayelana imisindo Hindi.
3. Prakthiza ukubhala. Ukubhala kuyindlela enhle yokuzijwayeza uhlelo lolimi lwakho nokupela. Siseka ukubhala kokubili devanagari script kanye latin script.
4. Thatha ikilasi noma usebenzise okokufundisa online. Ukuthatha ikilasi noma usebenzisa isifundo online kungakusiza uthole isingeniso eziyisisekelo hindi lolimi kanye silulumagama.
5. Sebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza mobile noma umdlalo. Kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zeselula nemidlalo etholakalayo ezokusiza ufunde Isihindi ngendlela ejabulisayo nexhumanayo.
6. Gxila engxoxweni. Uma une ukuqonda okuhle eziyisisekelo, indlela engcono kakhulu ukuthuthukisa Hindi yakho iwukuba umkhuba ukukhuluma it. Thola umlingani ulimi, ukukhuluma nabantu bendawo uma uvakashela India, noma ukujoyina umphakathi hindi-abakhuluma online.

Ukuhumusha isikazakh kuyinqubo ebaluleke ngokwengeziwe njengoba izwe liqhubeka liba nezwe lonke. Ngokwanda kwezimakethe zomhlaba wonke, kunesidingo esikhulu sezinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezinembile zesikazakh. Ukuhumushela isikazakh kwezinye izilimi futhi okuphambene nalokho kungaba inqubo enzima, futhi kubalulekile ukuqonda ulimi nohlelo lwayo lolimi, kanye nokwehluka kwamasiko phakathi kwamazwe ukuze kunikezwe izinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

Isikazakh siwulimi Lwesiturkic olukhulunywa kakhulu Ekazakhstan, kodwa futhi Nase-Uzbekistan, Echina, Ekyrgyzstan, Erussia nakwamanye amazwe ayengaphansi kwesoviet. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka sithonywe isi-arabhu, isipheresiya nesirashiya. Lolu limi lunezilimi ezine: Isi-Southern, Isi-Northern, Isi-southeastern nesi-Western. Kuye ngokuthi yiluphi ulimi oluhunyushwayo, imithetho ethile yohlelo lolimi nokusetshenziswa kwayo ingase ishintshe. Ngenxa yalokho, kubalulekile ukuqonda ulimi ngalunye ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi wokuhumusha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuzwela ama-nuances amasiko angathinta indlela ulimi olubonwa ngayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ulimi olusemthethweni luvame ukusetshenziswa lapho kuxoxwa ngezindaba zebhizinisi, kuyilapho ulimi olungakahleleki luvame ukukhethwa ezingxoxweni ezingavamile. Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela iminyaka yomhumushi, njengoba abahumushi abasebasha bengase bangazi ngamagama amadala noma imishwana okungenzeka yayisetshenziswa emashumini eminyaka adlule.

Ekugcineni, kubalulekile ukuba abahumushi bajwayelane nezinhlamvu zamagama nohlelo lokubhala lolimi abaluhumushayo. Isikazakh siye sabhalwa ngezinhlamvu ezintathu ezihlukene, kodwa Isicyrillic sisetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulimi lunezimpawu zalo ezibhaliwe okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kuhunyushwa.

Ekuphetheni, ukuhumusha isikazakh kudinga ukuqonda ulimi, izilimi zalo, ama-nuances amasiko, nezinhlamvu zamagama. Ngokucabangela zonke lezi zici, abahumushi bangaqinisekisa izinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezidlulisela umyalezo ohlosiwe ngokunembile.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isikazakh?

Isikazakh siwulimi olusemthethweni Ekazakhstan, futhi sikhulunywa Naserussia nasezingxenyeni ezithile zasechina, E-Afghanistan, Eturkey Nasemongolia.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesikazakh?

Umlando wolimi lwesikazakh uqala ngawo-1400 lapho lwaqala ukusetshenziswa njengolimi olubhaliwe phakathi kwezizwe ezikhuluma Isiturkic ezihlala emathafeni Ase-Asia Ephakathi. Kukholakala ukuthi amagama amaningi olimi lwesikazakh ayebolekwe kwezinye izilimi Zamaturkic, kanye nesipheresiya, isi-arabhu nesirashiya. Ngekhulu le-18, ulimi lwesikazakh lwaluselululwimi olwalusetshenziswa Kakhulu Ekazakhstan, futhi ngemva kwenkathi Kastalin, lwaba ulimi olusemthethweni Ekazakhstan ngo-1996. Namuhla, kukhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-11, ikakhulukazi Ekazakhstan, E-Uzbekistan Naserussia.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesikazakh?

1. U-Abay Qunanbayuli (18451904) owaziwa kabanzi Njengobaba wezincwadi Zesimanje zasekazakh, imbongi nesazi sefilosofi esethule isitayela esisha sezincwadi futhi senza ulimi lube sesikhathini samanje.
2. Umagzhan zhumabayev (18661938) - umbhali nomfundisi owenza umbhalo wesimanje wolimi lwesikazakh.
3. Umukhtar auezov (18971961) umbhali ovelele, umbhali wemidlalo, Kanye Nongqongqoshe wokuqala Wezemfundo Esoviet Kazakhstan, odunyiswa ngokuhlanganisa nokuthuthukisa ulimi lwesikazakh lwanamuhla.
4. Ugabit Musrepov (18941937) isazi sezilimi, uthisha, kanye nesazi sezinhlanga owaba negalelo lokuqala ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwesikazakh.
5. U - yerlan nysanbayev (1903-1971) - umshisekeli wezinguquko zolimi nomsunguli wekazakh Academy Of Sciences owaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwesikazakh.

Kanjani ukwakheka kolimi Kazakh?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesikazakh sihlanganisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amagama akhiwa ngokuhlanganisa ama-morpheme ngalinye elinencazelo eyodwa. Isikazakh naso sinomqondo we-ergative-absolutive, okusho ukuthi isihloko somusho ongaguquki kanye nento yomusho oguqukayo kungaboniswa ngefomu elifanayo. Lolu limi lunezici eziyisishiyagalolunye zamagama nezikhathi eziyisithupha zesenzo.

Indlela ukufunda ulimi Kazakh ngendlela efanele kunazo?

1. Start ngokufunda izinto eziyisisekelo. Funda alfabhethi nendlela ukufunda, ukubhala futhi amazwi. 2. Tadisha uhlelo lolimi eziyisisekelo kanye nesakhiwo umusho. Ungathola izinsiza eziningi eziwusizo online. 3. Lalela umculo Kazakh futhi ubuke amabhayisikobho Kazakh kanye TV imibukiso ukuba bajwayelane ulimi olukhulunywayo. 4. Prakthiza nomfundisi noma isikhulumi bomdabu. Kubalulekile ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma nokuzwa ulimi ukuze ukhulume kahle. 5. Keep nezifundo zakho. Beka eceleni isikhathi esithile usuku ngalunye ukuze basebenze ekutadisheni nasekusebenziseni ulimi. 6. Zicwilise emasikweni. Ukufunda izincwadi, ukulalela umculo, nokufunda ngendlela yokuphila yamakazakh kuyokusiza ukuba uqonde ulimi kangcono.