Urdu Isilatini Humusha

Isi-Urdu siwulimi olubalulekile oselusetshenziswe Ezwekazini Lasendiya amakhulu eminyaka. Kukhulunywa izigidi zabantu, Endiya Nasepakistan, futhi kuwulimi olusemthethweni kuwo womabili la mazwe.

Isi-Urdu siwulimi Lwesi-Indo-Aryan futhi sisekelwe olimini lwesipheresiya nolwesi-arabhu. Kuye kwavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi namuhla, kungabonakala ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, NJENGE-UK Nepacific Islands.

Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo, akumangalisi ukuthi kunesidingo esikhulu sezinsizakalo zokuhumusha Isi-Urdu. Akukhona nje ukuthi ifunwa izinhlangano zamabhizinisi ezidinga ukuxhumana namakhasimende azo ngolimi, kodwa futhi nabantu abafuna ukuqonda noma ukuhumusha imibhalo Yesi-Urdu.

Kulabo abafuna ukwenza izinguqulo eziya Nokubuya Olimini Lwesi-Urdu, kudingeka bathole umuntu noma inhlangano efanele yokwenza lo msebenzi. Lokhu kusho ukuthola umuntu oneziqu ezifanele, okuhlangenwe nakho kanye neziqu zokunikeza izinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umhumushi unolwazi oluhle ngamasiko, ukuqinisekisa ukunemba ekuhumusheni kokugcina. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuba nokuqonda amasiko namasiko endawo, kanye nokuqonda isimo sezombangazwe emazweni lapho kukhulunywa khona lolu limi.

Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zokuhunyushwa kwekhwalithi Yesi-Urdu ukusetshenziswa kolimi olufanele. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amagama nemishwana esetshenziswe ekuhumusheni ilungile futhi ifanelekile kumongo. Izikhathi eziningi, abahumushi kungase kudingeke bathembele olimini oluvamile noma emagameni avamile ukuze badlulisele incazelo ehlosiwe ngokuphumelelayo.

Kubalulekile futhi ukunaka indlela ulimi olubhalwa ngayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlobo olubhaliwe Lwesi-Urdu lusebenzisa izinhlamvu ezihlukile kunezinye izilimi eziningi. Ngenxa yalokho, kufanele kunakwe ngokukhethekile ukupela amagama nohlelo lolimi lwenguqulo.

Ekugcineni, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukulinganiselwa kokuhunyushwa Kwesi-Urdu. Ngokuvamile, kunzima ukuqonda noma ngisho nokuchaza ulimi, futhi amaphutha angenziwa kalula. Ngenxa yalokho, kunconywa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusebenza nomhumushi onolwazi onganikeza izinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

Ekuphetheni, ukuhumusha Isi-Urdu kuwumsebenzi obalulekile futhi oyinkimbinkimbi odinga amakhono nokuhlangenwe nakho okufanele. Labo abafuna ukusebenzisa lezi zinsizakalo kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi baqinisekise ukuthi basebenzisa umuntu ofanele noma i-ejensi ukwenza lo msebenzi. Ngendlela efanele, kungaba yindlela enhle yokusiza ukuvala igebe phakathi kwamasiko nezilimi ezimbili.

Yiliphi izwe Olukhulunywa Ngalo Isi-Urdu?

Isi-Urdu siwulimi olusemthethweni Epakistan Nasendiya futhi lukhulunywa kabanzi ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, kuhlanganise Nebangladesh, Inepal, Iningizimu Afrika, Isaudi arabia, I-United Arab Emirates, I-United States, I-United Kingdom, I-Australia, Icanada, Iqatar Nebahrain.

Uyini umlando Wolimi Lwesi-Urdu?

Isi-Urdu siwulimi lukazwelonke Lwasepakistan futhi singolunye lwezilimi ezingu-23 Ezisemthethweni Zasendiya, futhi sikhulunywa kabanzi ezingxenyeni Ezithile Zase-Afghanistan nasebangladesh. Kukholakala ukuthi ivela eqenjini lezilimi Zama-Indo-Aryan, ngokuvamile ibhalwa ngezinhlamvu Zesipheresiya nesi-arabhu ezinethonya elikhulu lesipheresiya, isi-arabhu nesiturkey. Imvelaphi eqondile yalolu limi ayiqinisekile, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi lwavela esifundeni Sasedelhi ngekhulu le-13 ce futhi lwathonywa kakhulu isimo samasiko nezombusazwe sezwekazi Lasendiya. Phakathi Nombuso Wamamughal, Isi-Urdu sathuthuka ngokwengeziwe, sandisa ithonya laso kulo Lonke Elasenyakatho India, futhi samukela amagama nemishwana evela ezilimini eziningi ezazikhulunywa izikhonzi zombuso. Ngekhulu le-19 c. e., Isi-Urdu sase siwulimi olukhulu lwezincwadi, olusetshenziselwa izinkondlo nezinye izinhlobo zokubhala. Ngemva kokuhlukaniswa Kwendiya ngo-1947, Isi-Urdu saba ulimi olusemthethweni Epakistan, lapho sisasetshenziswa khona nanamuhla.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesi-Urdu?

1. U-Allama Iqbal 2. Umirza Ghalib 3. Usir Syed Ahmed Khan 4. Umuhammad Hussain Azad 5. Ufaiz Ahmed Faiz

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesi-Urdu sinjani?

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesi-Urdu sisekelwe ekuhlelekeni kwamagama esihloko-into-isenzo. Inamagama amaningi abolekwe esipheresiya, isi-arabhu Nesichagatai, kuhlanganise nezinye izilimi ezinjengesihindi. Ulimi lunobudlelwano obuqinile Nesihindustani futhi lunezici ezithile zolimi nalo, njengohlelo lwayo oluhlukile lwamagama, oluqukethe ama-morpheme amabili kumuntu ngamunye. Amagama nezichasiso ziguqulwa ngenombolo, ubulili, icala nokucaciswa, kuyilapho izenzi ziguqulwa ngomuntu nenombolo. Kunezinye izinto ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi kulolu hlelo lolimi, okwenza Isi-Urdu sibe ulimi oluthakazelisayo lokufunda nokulawula.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Urdu ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thola uthisha Ohlonishwayo Wesi-Urdu noma inkambo: Bheka uthisha onolwazi noma inkambo eyaziwa yinhlangano ehlonishwayo njenge-American Council of Teachers of Foreign Languages (ACTFL).
2. Funda Urdu literature: Ukufunda classical And Contemporary Urdu literature kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokufunda ulimi futhi kungakusiza ukwakha silulumagama yakho nokuqonda ulimi.
3. Lalela bomdabu Urdu izikhulumi: Practicing ukulalela Urdu kuyindlela enkulu ukujwayela ulimi kanye pronunciation yayo. Bheka ama-Podcast, amavidiyo E-YouTube nokuqoshwa komsindo okubonisa abantu abakhuluma Isi-Urdu.
4. Prakthiza ukukhuluma: indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda ulimi iwukuzijwayeza ukukhuluma nabanye abantu. Uma ungenayo ukufinyelela bomdabu Urdu izikhulumi, ungasebenzisa online language exchange izinkundla ukuthola abalingani ingxoxo.
5. Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza namawebhusayithi: Izinhlelo zokusebenza namawebhusayithi afana ne-duolingo, Amaconsi ne-memrise angamathuluzi amahle kakhulu okufunda izilimi ezintsha. Zinezinto eziningi kwakha, izivivinyo kanye nemidlalo engakusiza kahle ulimi.

Ukuhumusha ngesilatini kuwumkhuba osukela ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule. Kuhilela ukuhumusha umbhalo usuka kolunye ulimi uye kolunye, ngokuvamile usuka olimini lwesilatini uye esingisini noma kolunye ulimi lwanamuhla. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, isilatini siwulimi lwezazi, ososayensi nababhali. Ngisho nanamuhla, isilatini sinendima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi, njengomthetho, imithi, Nesonto Lamakatolika.

Ukuze aqale umsebenzi wokuhumusha, umhumushi kumelwe akhombe ulimi oluwumthombo, ngokuvamile oluyisilatini olusho imisebenzi yokuhumusha ehilela isilatini. Khona-ke, kumelwe babe nokuqonda okuqinile ngolimi lwesilatini. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuba nolwazi lolimi kanye nesakhiwo salo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhumushi kumelwe abe nokuqonda okuhle kakhulu kolimi okubhekiswe kulo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwazi umehluko wamasiko olimi ukuze kuboniswe ngokunembile ithoni nencazelo yombhalo wokuqala.

Lapho ulimi oluwumthombo selukhonjwe futhi umhumushi esenamakhono adingekayo, angaqala ukuhumusha. Kuye ngobunzima bombhalo wokuqala nezilaleli ezihlosiwe, kunezindlela eziningana umhumushi angazisebenzisa. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umbhalo uhunyushelwa izilaleli ezivamile ezingaqondi isilatini, umhumushi angase akhethe ukusebenzisa amagama namagama anamuhla kunamagama esilatini angokoqobo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, emibhalweni edinga ukuhunyushwa okusemthethweni, umhumushi angase akhethe ukuhlala ethembekile embhalweni wesilatini.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isilatini siwulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi. Inezinto eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingase zibe nzima kumhumushi ongaqondi kahle ulimi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokuvamile kungcono ukushiya izinguqulo eziyinkimbinkimbi zesilatini kumhumushi onguchwepheshe onolwazi kulo mkhakha.

Kunoma yikuphi ukuhumusha, ukunemba kubaluleke kakhulu. Izinguqulo kumelwe zidlulisele ngokunembile incazelo yombhalo wokuqala ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ithoni, isitayela, noma umyalezo owawuhloselwe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho kuhunyushwa isilatini, njengoba amaphutha angaholela kalula ekudidekeni noma ekungaxhumani kahle. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba, ukuhlola nokuhlola kabili umbhalo ohunyushiwe kubalulekile.

Ukuhumusha kuyikhono elithatha isikhathi nokuzijwayeza ukuliqonda. Uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni isilatini, ngokuvamile ochwepheshe bayindlela engcono kakhulu. Banamathuluzi nolwazi oludingekayo ukuze bahumushe umbhalo wesilatini ngokunembile esingisini noma kolunye ulimi. Njengoba umhumushi ofanelekayo ephatha lo msebenzi, abahumushi besilatini bangaqiniseka ngokunikeza izinguqulo ezinembile nezithembekile.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo ulimi lwesilatini?

Ulimi lwesilatini alukhulunywa njengolimi oluyinhloko kunoma yiliphi izwe, kodwa lusetshenziselwa izinjongo eziningi ezisemthethweni Evatican City Naseriphabhuliki Yasesan Marino. Isilatini sifundwa futhi njengolimi noma sifundiswa njengengxenye yezifundo emazweni amaningi, kuhlanganise Ne-United States, Ifrance, Ispain, Iportugal, I-Italy, Ipoland, Iromania, Ijalimane, I-Austria, Inetherlands, Ibelgium, Iswitzerland, Icanada, Imexico, Icolombia, Ibrazil, Ivenezuela, Iperu, I-Argentina, Ichile, I-Ecuador, Ibolivia, I-Uruguay, Iparaguay, namanye amazwe ahlukahlukene.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesilatini?

Ulimi lwesilatini lunomlando omude osukela ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule. Yaqala njengolimi Lwasendiya-Yurophu futhi yasetshenziswa okokuqala enhlonhlweni yase-italy Phakathi Nenkathi yensimbi. Ukusuka lapho, yasakazekela kwezinye izindawo ezinjenge-Iberia, Igaul, Futhi ekugcineni Yasakazekela Ebrithani phakathi nenkathi yakudala yombuso Waseroma. Isilatini sasiwulimi olusemthethweni Lombuso Waseroma iminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane, futhi saba ulimi Lobukatolika Phakathi Nenkathi Ephakathi. Phakathi nenkathi Yokuvuselelwa kwesintu, isilatini savuselelwa futhi sasetshenziselwa izinjongo zesayensi, zemfundo nezemibhalo. Ekhulwini le-19, lathathelwa indawo izilimi Zesiromance njengolimi oluyinhloko lokuxhumana, kodwa lisasetshenziswa nanamuhla ezindaweni ezithile zezikhungo nasezinhlosweni zenkolo nezemfundo.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesilatini?

1. Ucicero (106 bc 43 bc) – isikhulu sikahulumeni Waseroma, ummeli nesikhulumi, okwathi ngokubhala kwakhe nangezinkulumo zakhe, sathonya kakhulu ulimi lwesilatini.
2. Uvirgil (70 bc – 19 bc) – imbongi yaseroma eyaziwa kakhulu ngenkondlo yayo ebabazekayo, i-Aeneid, eyayibhalwe ngesilatini. Umsebenzi wakhe uye waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zesilatini kanye ne-syntax.
3. Ujulius caesar (100 bc 44 bc) – umlawuli wamaroma kanye nosomabhizinisi imibhalo yakhe yaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lolimi lwesilatini kanye ne-syntax.
4. Uhorace (65 bc-8 bc) - imbongi yaseroma enezingoma zayo kanye namahlaya ayo abe nomthelela ohlala njalo ezinkondlweni zesilatini.
5. U-Ovid (43 bc 17 ad) - imbongi yaseroma eyaziwa kakhulu ngemisebenzi yayo elandisayo, Njenge-Metamorphoses, eye yacebisa kakhulu i-prose yesilatini.

Ulimi lwesilatini lwakhiwa kanjani?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesilatini sisekelwe esimisweni sokwehla okuyisihlanu, okuyiqembu lamagama nezichasiso ezihlanganyela iziphetho ezifanayo. Ukuhlehla ngakunye kuqukethe amacala ayisithupha ahlukene: okuqanjiwe, okuqanjiwe, okuqanjiwe, okuqanjiwe, nokuqanjiwe. Isilatini sinezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlanganiswa kwezenzi: okuvamile nokungajwayelekile. Isakhiwo sesilatini sihlanganisa nezijobelelo, izijobelelo, izijobelelo, nezibizo, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi lwesilatini ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start izinto eziyisisekelo. Thatha izifundo noma uthenge incwadi ehlanganisa izisekelo zohlelo lolimi lwesilatini namagama, njengelithi "Essential latin" Likajohn c. Traupman noma elithi "Wheelock' s latin" likafrederic m. Wheelock.
2. Lalela latin okuqoshiwe audio. Uma kungenzeka, thola okuqoshiwe audio of Latin ezikhulunywa izikhulumi bomdabu. Lokhu kuzokusiza ufunde lengiyo pronunciation and intonation.
3. Prakthiza ukufunda Latin. Funda imibhalo yesilatini efana nemisebenzi yababhali bakudala kuhlanganise Novirgil Nocicero, izincwadi zemithandazo ezindala, nezincwadi zesimanje zezincwadi zesilatini.
4. Bhala ngesilatini. Njengoba uzizwa ukhululekile ngesilatini, umkhuba ukubhala ngesilatini ukuze ujwayelane kakhudlwana nohlelo lolimi olufanele nokusetshenziswa kwalo.
5. Khuluma Isilatini. Joyina iqembu lendawo lesilatini, ubhalise esifundweni sesilatini esiku-inthanethi, futhi uhlanganyele ezinseleleni zokuhumusha isilatini ukuze uzijwayeze ukukhuluma lolu limi.