Urdu Isirashiya Humusha

Isi-Urdu siwulimi olubalulekile oselusetshenziswe Ezwekazini Lasendiya amakhulu eminyaka. Kukhulunywa izigidi zabantu, Endiya Nasepakistan, futhi kuwulimi olusemthethweni kuwo womabili la mazwe.

Isi-Urdu siwulimi Lwesi-Indo-Aryan futhi sisekelwe olimini lwesipheresiya nolwesi-arabhu. Kuye kwavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi namuhla, kungabonakala ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, NJENGE-UK Nepacific Islands.

Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo, akumangalisi ukuthi kunesidingo esikhulu sezinsizakalo zokuhumusha Isi-Urdu. Akukhona nje ukuthi ifunwa izinhlangano zamabhizinisi ezidinga ukuxhumana namakhasimende azo ngolimi, kodwa futhi nabantu abafuna ukuqonda noma ukuhumusha imibhalo Yesi-Urdu.

Kulabo abafuna ukwenza izinguqulo eziya Nokubuya Olimini Lwesi-Urdu, kudingeka bathole umuntu noma inhlangano efanele yokwenza lo msebenzi. Lokhu kusho ukuthola umuntu oneziqu ezifanele, okuhlangenwe nakho kanye neziqu zokunikeza izinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umhumushi unolwazi oluhle ngamasiko, ukuqinisekisa ukunemba ekuhumusheni kokugcina. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuba nokuqonda amasiko namasiko endawo, kanye nokuqonda isimo sezombangazwe emazweni lapho kukhulunywa khona lolu limi.

Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zokuhunyushwa kwekhwalithi Yesi-Urdu ukusetshenziswa kolimi olufanele. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amagama nemishwana esetshenziswe ekuhumusheni ilungile futhi ifanelekile kumongo. Izikhathi eziningi, abahumushi kungase kudingeke bathembele olimini oluvamile noma emagameni avamile ukuze badlulisele incazelo ehlosiwe ngokuphumelelayo.

Kubalulekile futhi ukunaka indlela ulimi olubhalwa ngayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlobo olubhaliwe Lwesi-Urdu lusebenzisa izinhlamvu ezihlukile kunezinye izilimi eziningi. Ngenxa yalokho, kufanele kunakwe ngokukhethekile ukupela amagama nohlelo lolimi lwenguqulo.

Ekugcineni, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukulinganiselwa kokuhunyushwa Kwesi-Urdu. Ngokuvamile, kunzima ukuqonda noma ngisho nokuchaza ulimi, futhi amaphutha angenziwa kalula. Ngenxa yalokho, kunconywa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusebenza nomhumushi onolwazi onganikeza izinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

Ekuphetheni, ukuhumusha Isi-Urdu kuwumsebenzi obalulekile futhi oyinkimbinkimbi odinga amakhono nokuhlangenwe nakho okufanele. Labo abafuna ukusebenzisa lezi zinsizakalo kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi baqinisekise ukuthi basebenzisa umuntu ofanele noma i-ejensi ukwenza lo msebenzi. Ngendlela efanele, kungaba yindlela enhle yokusiza ukuvala igebe phakathi kwamasiko nezilimi ezimbili.

Yiliphi izwe Olukhulunywa Ngalo Isi-Urdu?

Isi-Urdu siwulimi olusemthethweni Epakistan Nasendiya futhi lukhulunywa kabanzi ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, kuhlanganise Nebangladesh, Inepal, Iningizimu Afrika, Isaudi arabia, I-United Arab Emirates, I-United States, I-United Kingdom, I-Australia, Icanada, Iqatar Nebahrain.

Uyini umlando Wolimi Lwesi-Urdu?

Isi-Urdu siwulimi lukazwelonke Lwasepakistan futhi singolunye lwezilimi ezingu-23 Ezisemthethweni Zasendiya, futhi sikhulunywa kabanzi ezingxenyeni Ezithile Zase-Afghanistan nasebangladesh. Kukholakala ukuthi ivela eqenjini lezilimi Zama-Indo-Aryan, ngokuvamile ibhalwa ngezinhlamvu Zesipheresiya nesi-arabhu ezinethonya elikhulu lesipheresiya, isi-arabhu nesiturkey. Imvelaphi eqondile yalolu limi ayiqinisekile, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi lwavela esifundeni Sasedelhi ngekhulu le-13 ce futhi lwathonywa kakhulu isimo samasiko nezombusazwe sezwekazi Lasendiya. Phakathi Nombuso Wamamughal, Isi-Urdu sathuthuka ngokwengeziwe, sandisa ithonya laso kulo Lonke Elasenyakatho India, futhi samukela amagama nemishwana evela ezilimini eziningi ezazikhulunywa izikhonzi zombuso. Ngekhulu le-19 c. e., Isi-Urdu sase siwulimi olukhulu lwezincwadi, olusetshenziselwa izinkondlo nezinye izinhlobo zokubhala. Ngemva kokuhlukaniswa Kwendiya ngo-1947, Isi-Urdu saba ulimi olusemthethweni Epakistan, lapho sisasetshenziswa khona nanamuhla.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesi-Urdu?

1. U-Allama Iqbal 2. Umirza Ghalib 3. Usir Syed Ahmed Khan 4. Umuhammad Hussain Azad 5. Ufaiz Ahmed Faiz

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesi-Urdu sinjani?

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesi-Urdu sisekelwe ekuhlelekeni kwamagama esihloko-into-isenzo. Inamagama amaningi abolekwe esipheresiya, isi-arabhu Nesichagatai, kuhlanganise nezinye izilimi ezinjengesihindi. Ulimi lunobudlelwano obuqinile Nesihindustani futhi lunezici ezithile zolimi nalo, njengohlelo lwayo oluhlukile lwamagama, oluqukethe ama-morpheme amabili kumuntu ngamunye. Amagama nezichasiso ziguqulwa ngenombolo, ubulili, icala nokucaciswa, kuyilapho izenzi ziguqulwa ngomuntu nenombolo. Kunezinye izinto ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi kulolu hlelo lolimi, okwenza Isi-Urdu sibe ulimi oluthakazelisayo lokufunda nokulawula.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Urdu ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thola uthisha Ohlonishwayo Wesi-Urdu noma inkambo: Bheka uthisha onolwazi noma inkambo eyaziwa yinhlangano ehlonishwayo njenge-American Council of Teachers of Foreign Languages (ACTFL).
2. Funda Urdu literature: Ukufunda classical And Contemporary Urdu literature kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokufunda ulimi futhi kungakusiza ukwakha silulumagama yakho nokuqonda ulimi.
3. Lalela bomdabu Urdu izikhulumi: Practicing ukulalela Urdu kuyindlela enkulu ukujwayela ulimi kanye pronunciation yayo. Bheka ama-Podcast, amavidiyo E-YouTube nokuqoshwa komsindo okubonisa abantu abakhuluma Isi-Urdu.
4. Prakthiza ukukhuluma: indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda ulimi iwukuzijwayeza ukukhuluma nabanye abantu. Uma ungenayo ukufinyelela bomdabu Urdu izikhulumi, ungasebenzisa online language exchange izinkundla ukuthola abalingani ingxoxo.
5. Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza namawebhusayithi: Izinhlelo zokusebenza namawebhusayithi afana ne-duolingo, Amaconsi ne-memrise angamathuluzi amahle kakhulu okufunda izilimi ezintsha. Zinezinto eziningi kwakha, izivivinyo kanye nemidlalo engakusiza kahle ulimi.

Isirashiya siwulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi olunohlelo lolimi oluyingqayizivele nesakhiwo salo. Luwulimi olusemthethweni Erussia nasecommonwealth of Independent States (cis), inhlangano yesifunda yamazwe ayengaphansi Kwesoviet. Isirashiya sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-180 emhlabeni wonke futhi singesinye sezilimi ezingu-10 ezikhulunywa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Futhi kubhekwa njengolimi oluvamile ezweni elaliyisoviet Union, ngenxa yokubaluleka kwalo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nezokuxhumana, ukuhweba, nobuchwepheshe.

Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi nokubaluleka kwayo enkundleni yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuhumusha isirashiya nokubuya kuso kuyikhono elibalulekile. Kudinga ukudlulisela ngokunembile incazelo yokuqala kuyilapho kucatshangelwa ama-nuances amasiko nokuqinisekisa ukunemba kokuqukethwe. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo nesidingo sokuqonda ulimi ngokujulile, kudingeka umhumushi onolwazi ukuze kuhunyushwe izinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

Ukuhunyushwa kwesirashiya kuvame ukudingeka emisebenzini emikhulu yebhizinisi efana nezingxoxo zomthetho, imibhalo ehlobene nezimali, nezinto zokumaketha. Izinkampani Ezisebenza Erussia noma kwamanye amazwe E-cis zidinga ukuhumusha okunembile ukuze zikwazi ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo, ikakhulukazi kumawebhusayithi azo nasekukhangiseni okuqukethwe. Umhumushi onekhono onolwazi emkhakheni angaqinisekisa ukuthi umyalezo ohlosiwe udluliselwa futhi wamukelwa ngokunembile.

Ezinguqulweni ezincane, njengezingxoxo ezingahlelekile, kunamathuluzi ahlukahlukene azenzakalelayo atholakala ku-inthanethi. La mathuluzi anganikeza ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kolimi, kodwa awanakho ukunemba nokuqaphela umongo womhumushi onguchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela injongo nobunzima bezinto ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezinsizakalo zokuhumusha okufanele zisetshenziswe.

Ekuphetheni, ukuhumusha isirashiya ngokunembile nangokwethenjelwa kubalulekile ukuze kube nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwezinkampani nabantu ngabanye ezweni elikhuluma isirashiya. Ukuqasha umhumushi onguchwepheshe kuyoqinisekisa ukuthi umyalezo ohlosiwe udluliselwa futhi uqondwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenzelwe ibhizinisi, umuntu siqu, noma ezinye izinjongo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kolimi kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu kuzo zonke izidingo zokuhumusha.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isirashiya?

Ulimi lwesirussia lukhulunywa Erussia, Ebelarus, Ekazakhstan, Ekyrgyzstan, E-Ukraine, E-Estonia, Elatvia, Elatvia, Emoldova, Etajikistan, Elithuania, E-Uzbekistan, e-Azerbaijan, e-Armenia, Eturkmenistan, Egeorgia Nase-Abkhazia.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesirussia?

Ulimi lwesirussia lusekelwe olimini Lwesislavic Sasempumalanga, elinye lamaqembu amathathu omlando wezilimi zesislavic. Lolu limi lwalukhulunywa futhi lubhalwe izizwe Zamaslav Asempumalanga ezazihlala endaweni manje Eyirussia, I-Ukraine Nebelarus ngekhulu lesi-9. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, Isislavonic Sesonto saqala ukuba ulimi olubhaliwe lwezincwadi, izinjongo zenkolo nezokuphatha, sathatha indawo yesigreki nesilatini sangaphambili.
Ngekhulu le-10, Isislavic Sasempumalanga sasiguqukela kancane kancane olimini lwesirussia lwanamuhla, sithonywe isibulgaria nesiserbia sasendulo, sona ngokwaso esasithonywe Kakhulu Isislavonic Sesonto. Ekhulwini le-11, umsebenzi omkhulu wezincwadi wesikhathi Sekievan rus, I-Primary chronicle, yabhalwa Ngesislavic Esidala Sasempumalanga.
Phakathi nekhulu le-14 nele-15, Amarashiya aqhubeka ekhulisa indawo yawo, ekugcineni afinyelela Olwandlekazi Ipacific, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ahlangana nezinye izilimi namasiko amaningi. Amarashiya abuyisa amathonya alezi ezinye izilimi futhi azifaka kulolu limi, akha lokho manje okwaziwa ngokuthi ulimi lwesirashiya Lwanamuhla.
Kusukela ngekhulu le-17, ulimi lwesirussia lwaqala ukuthuthuka ngokwengeziwe ngomsebenzi wababhali abanethonya abanjengo-Alexander pushkin no-Ivan turgenev, ababhala ngolimi olubizwa ngokuthi "isirashiya esibhaliwe". Lolu hlobo olusha, oluthuthuke kakhudlwana lolimi lwasakazeka ngokushesha, futhi ngokushesha lwaba ulimi oluthandwa kakhulu kwezombangazwe, ezincwadini, kwezesayensi nakwezamasiko.
Namuhla, isirashiya yiso esisakazeke kakhulu ezilimini Zesislavic, esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-145 abakhuluma isislavic, futhi singesinye sezilimi ezisemthethweni Zezizwe Ezihlangene.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesirussia?

1. U-Ivan turgenev (18181883) umbhali wamanoveli, imbongi nombhali wemidlalo yaseshashalazini owenza ukusetshenziswa kolimi lwesirussia kwaziwa futhi waba negalelo ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zikazwelonke.
2. U – Alexander pushkin (17991837) - umsunguli wezincwadi zesimanje zaserussia nobaba wezinkondlo zaserussia.
3. Unikolai Karamzin (17661826) – imbongi nesazi-mlando esabhala kakhulu ngolimi lwesirussia futhi senza iminikelo eminingi emasikweni aserussia.
4. Uvladimir dal ' (18011872) isazi sezilimi, isazi sezichazamazwi nomhlanganisi wesichazamazwi sokuqala esibanzi solimi lwesirussia.
5. U – Alexander Blok (18801921) - omunye wabantu abahamba phambili embonini yezincwadi yaserussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 futhi ungumbhali weminye yemisebenzi edume kakhulu ezinkondlweni zaserussia.

Kanjani ukwakheka kolimi Russian?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesirussia sisekelwe kakhulu enhlanganisweni yezimiso zokuhlanganisa nokuhlaziya. Ukuhlanganiswa kuyinqubo lapho ama-morpheme, noma izingxenye zamagama, zihlanganiswa ndawonye ukuze kwakheke igama elilodwa eliveza umqondo owodwa. Izakhiwo zokuhlaziya zihlanganisa ukuhlukanisa umqondo owodwa ube amagama ahlukene ukuze kube lula ukuwuqonda. Ngesirashiya, izijobelelo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukubonisa izigaba ezihlukahlukene zohlelo lolimi, njengobulili, icala, inombolo, isici, isikhathi nokutholwa. Amagama nezichasiso kungase kube nezimo eziyisithupha ezihlukene ngesirashiya. I-syntax yolimi nayo ihlukile, inohlelo lwemisho engabonakali, imishwana engaphansi kanye namafomu ezenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Russian ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Beka okulindelwe ongokoqobo kanye nemigomo: Ukuqonda ulimi Russian kungabonakala overwhelming ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa ungakwazi ukufeza impumelelo uma usetha okulindelwe ongokoqobo kanye nemigomo ngokwakho. Break down ulimi-learning uhambo lwakho zibe izingcezu ephathekayo futhi ube nesineke wena.
2. Thola umlingani cwaningo: Thola umlingani umfundi online noma umngane okhuluma isirashiya abangakusiza ukuba abenza ukukhuluma kwakho kanye pronunciation.
3. Gxila emasikweni aserussia: Funda izincwadi, ubuke amabhayisikobho nemibukiso yethelevishini, ulalele ama-podcast nomculo, futhi uzame ukwenza ukuxhumana phakathi kolimi nomongo walo wamasiko.
4. Thatha ikilasi lolimi lwesirussia: Ukuthatha ikilasi lolimi lwesirussia lomuntu siqu noma eliku-inthanethi kungaba yindlela enhle yokufunda izinto eziyisisekelo nokuthola impendulo evela kuthisha noma isikhulumi sendabuko.
5. Yenza flashcards: Yenza flashcards for amazwi ezivame kakhulu nemishwana in Russian. Lokhu kungasiza ekuqiniseni ulimi futhi kwenze kube lula ukukhumbula.
6. Sebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lokufunda ulimi: Izinhlelo Zokusebenza zokufunda Ulimi ezifana Neduolingo, Imemrise, Nerosetta Stone ziyizinto ezinhle kakhulu zokufunda isirashiya. Zizokunikeza isakhiwo esithile futhi zisize ekuhlukaniseni ulimi lube izingcezu ezilawulwayo.
7. Practice, practice, practice: okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngempela ulimi Russian iwukuba ukuzijayeza kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ingabe ukufunda, ukubhala, ukulalela, nokukhuluma umzimba njalo ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho.