Yakut Isi-Belarusian Humusha

Isiyakut siwulimi Lwesiturkic olukhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwesigamu sesigidi enyakatho-mpumalanga Yerussia. Njengoba lolu limi lusanda kuthola ukuqashelwa ngokusemthethweni, kusadingeka kakhulu izinsizakalo zokuhumusha Zesiyakut. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukubaluleka kokuhumusha ku - yakut futhi sixoxe ngezinselelo ezihambisana nale nqubo.

Ulimi Lwesiyakut alukhulunywa Erussia Kuphela, kodwa nasemazweni .engemongolia, Ichina Nekazakhstan. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunesidingo samazwe ngamazwe sezinsizakalo zokuhumusha I-yakut kanye nasekhaya. Inhloso eyinhloko yokuhumusha okuya Nokubuya E-yakut ukuvala izikhala zolimi ukuze kube lula ukuxhumana phakathi kwemiphakathi yomdabu nabanye abathintekayo. Ukuhumusha kuyadingeka futhi kumadokhumenti asemthethweni, izivumelwano zezombusazwe, izinto zokufundisa, izinto ezihlobene nabezindaba namasiko, neminye imibhalo.

Uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni okuya Nokubuya Kuyakut, kunezinselele ezithile ezibalulekile okumelwe uzikhumbule. Okokuqala, kunendaba yokubiza amagama. Kunokwehluka ekubizweni kwamagama Ngesiyakut kuye ngolimi lwendawo olukhulunywayo. Ngenxa yalokho, kubalulekile ukuba abahumushi bajwayelane nalezi zinguquko zesifunda ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba. Enye inselele iqiniso lokuthi amagama amaningi anezincazelo eziningi kuye ngomongo asetshenziswa kuwo. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ngabahumushi ukuthola incazelo efanele yegama noma ibinzana, okwenza ukunemba kube okubaluleke nakakhulu.

Naphezu kwezinselele ezihlobene nokuhumushela Olimini Lwesiyakut nokubuya Kulo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kwalenqubo. Njengoba ulimi Lwesiyakut luqhubeka luqashelwa, luyoba olubaluleke ngokwengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinguqulo zesiyakut nezisuka Kuzo zisezingeni eliphakeme futhi zinembile. Ukuhumusha okusezingeni eliphezulu kubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe inkhulumomphendvulwano nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwamasiko, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini yomdabu amasiko ayo avame ukuhlukaniswa.

Yiluphi ulimi Lwesiyakut olukhulunywa kuwo?

Ulimi Lwesiyakut lukhulunywa Erussia, Echina Nasemongolia.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesiyakut?

Ulimi Lwesiyakut luwulimi Lwesiturkic oluphakathi kwezilimi Zasecaspian Ezisenyakatho-Ntshonalanga yeturkic. Kukhulunywa ngabantu abangaba ngu-500,000 Eriphabhulikhi Yasesakha Yaserussia, ikakhulukazi emfuleni Ilena kanye nemifudlana yawo. Ulimi Lwesiyakut lunomlando ocebile wezincwadi osukela emuva ezincwadini zokuqala ezirekhodiwe maphakathi nekhulu le-14. Izincwadi zamayakut zazithonywe kakhulu ukubhala kwezimbongi Ezingamasufi Ezivela Empumalanga Ephakathi Nase-Asia Ephakathi, kanye nababhali nabalobi baserussia Abavela Embusweni Waserussia. Imisebenzi yokuqala eyabhalwa Ngesiyakut yayiyimibhalo yenkolo, kuhlanganise nokuhunyushwa kwezingxenye zekoran kanye nenganekwane Kayusuf Nozulaikha.
Imisebenzi yokuqala yokuqala eyabhalwa Ngesiyakut yavela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, enezinkondlo, izindaba ezimfushane, namanoveli alandisa ngokuphila kwansuku zonke kwabantu abangamayakut. Abalobi abangamayakut baqala nokuhlola izingqikithi ezinkulu emisebenzini yabo, njengokulwa nekoloniyali, ukubaluleka kwesiko lendabuko Lasesiberia, kanye nesimo esibucayi sabantu abacindezelwe bakulesi sifunda. Ngawo-1920 nawo-1930, ulimi Lwesiyakut lwabhekana nokuvuselelwa kwezincwadi, okwaholwa ababhali abanjengoyuri chegerev, U-Anatoly krotov, Ugennady titov, no-Ivan tazetdinov. Lesi sikhathi sabona ukwanda kwenani lezincwadi ezanyatheliswa Ngesiyakut, kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kolimi emibhalweni kahulumeni neyokuphatha.
Namuhla, ulimi Lwesiyakut lujabulela ukuvuselelwa phakathi kwezikhulumi zalo zomdabu, njengoba kunyatheliswa amaphephandaba nomagazini abasha abaningana ngalolu limi. Kukhona nesithakazelo esandayo ezifundweni zolimi Lwesiyakut ngaphandle Kwerussia, namanyuvesi amaningana anikeza izifundo zolimi.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesiyakut?

1. Uyuri nikolaevich vinokurov isazi sezilimi, isazi-mlando nesazi sezilimi; 2. Ustepan Georgievich Ostrovsky-imbongi Yaseyakut, umbhali wemidlalo, umbhali nomhumushi; 3. U-Oleg Mikhailovich Belyaev-umhlaziyi wezincwadi Waseyakut nomkhangisi; 4. Uliliya Vladimirovna bagautdinova-isazi sezinkolelo-ze Zamayakut; 5. U-Akulina Yeelovna pavlova-isazi sezichazamazwi nomcwaningi wezilimi.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesiyakut sinjani?

Ulimi Lwesiyakut lungolwemindeni yezilimi Zamaturkic futhi luyingxenye yeqembu Lasenyakatho-Mpumalanga. Luwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi lusebenzisa izijobelelo ezingangezwa emagameni ukuze kwakheke izincazelo namafomu amasha. I-yakut iguquguquka kakhulu, okusho ukuthi amagama ashintsha isimo sawo kuye ngokuthi asetshenziswa kanjani emshweni. Amagama, izabizwana, izimelabizo, nezenzi konke kudinga iziphetho ukuze kuboniswe isimo sazo kuye ngomongo.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Yakut ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thola ikhophi Yakut language incwadi noma umfundisi guide. Ukusebenza ngezifundo kulezi zinto kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuba nekhono olimini.
2. Prakthiza ukukhuluma nokulalela. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda noma yiluphi ulimi iwukuzijwayeza ngangokunokwenzeka, ngakho zama ukuthola umlingani wengxoxo ongazijwayeza naye.
3. Funda material ebhalwe Yakut. Lokhu kuzokusiza uqonde ukwakheka nohlelo lolimi.
4. Funda mayelana isiko kanye nomlando Yakuts. Ukwazi okwengeziwe ngabantu nendlela yabo yokuphila kungakusiza ukuba uqonde kangcono ulimi.
5. Bukela futhi ulalele yakut media. Kunezinsiza eziningi ezikuyi-internet, kuhlanganise nezinhlelo zomsakazo nemibukiso YE-TV, ezitholakala ngalolu limi.
6. Vakashela Yakutia. Ukuchitha isikhathi kule ndawo kuzokunikeza ithuba lokuzifaka olimini futhi uxhumane nabakhuluma ulimi lwendabuko.

Ibelarus iyizwe elisempumalanga Yurophu elisemngceleni Werussia, I-Ukraine, Ipoland, Ilithuania Nelatvia. Ukuhumusha imibhalo, izincwadi namawebhusayithi Ngesibelarusian kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuxhumana kwamazwe omhlaba, hhayi kuphela phakathi Kwamabelarusian nezinye izizwe kodwa futhi nasezweni uqobo. Njengoba inabantu abacishe babe yizigidi eziyi-10, kubalulekile ukukwazi ukuhumushela Ngempumelelo Olimini Lwesibelarusian ukuze ukwazi ukuxhumana ngempumelelo nazo zonke izingxenye zomphakathi kulesi sizwe esihlukahlukene.

Ulimi olusemthethweni Lwasebelarus Isibelarusian futhi kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokubhala, zombili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhumusheni: izinhlamvu zamagama zesilatini Nesicyrillic. Izinhlamvu zesilatini zivela olimini lwesilatini, ulimi Lombuso Waseroma, futhi zisetshenziswa emazweni amaningi asentshonalanga; zihlobene kakhulu nezinhlamvu zesipolish. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, Isicyrillic, esivela ezinhlamvwini zesigreki futhi esadalwa izindela, sihlobene kakhulu nesirashiya futhi sisetshenziswa emazweni amaningi Asempumalanga Yurophu nase-Asia Ephakathi.

Umhumushi Wasebelarus kudingeka aqonde kahle zombili lezi zinhlamvu ukuze adlulisele ngokunembile incazelo yombhalo oyisisekelo. Umhumushi kufanele futhi abe nokuqonda okuhle kakhulu kohlelo lolimi lwesibelarusian namagama, kanye nolwazi lwesiko Lesibelarusian, ukuze akhiqize ukuhumusha okunembile.

Ukuhumusha kusuka esingisini Kuya Ebelarusian noma Kusuka Ebelarusian kuya esingisini akunzima kangako, inqobo nje uma umhumushi eqonda ulimi futhi ekwazi ukudlulisa umyalezo ngokunembile. Nokho, lo msebenzi uyinselele kakhulu kulabo abafuna ukuhumusha Kusuka Olimini Lwesibelarusian kuya kolunye ulimi njengesijalimane, isifulentshi, noma ispanishi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umhumushi kungase kudingeke aguqule umyalezo ube ulimi okuhloswe ngalo esebenzisa amagama noma imishwana engekho Ngesibelarusian.

Enye inselele abahumushi Basebelarus ababhekana nayo iqiniso lokuthi amagama amaningi nemishwana ingaba nezinguqulo eziningi kuye ngomongo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo, kunamagama anencazelo ehluke ngokuphelele ngesingisi Nangesibelarusian, ngakho umhumushi kumelwe azi ngalokhu kwehluka futhi alungise ukuhumusha kwawo ngokufanele.

Ekugcineni, lapho uhumushela Olimini Lwesibelarusian, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka kakhulu umongo wamasiko nokugwema noma yimaphi amagama noma imishwana ecasulayo noma engazweli emasikweni. Ukuze enze umyalezo Ngokunembile Ngesibelarusian, umhumushi kumelwe ajwayelane nemininingwane yolimi, izakhiwo zalo zohlelo lolimi, kanye nomongo wamasiko omphakathi Wasebelarus.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umsebenzi, Ukuhumusha Ngesibelarusian kungaba umsebenzi onzima, kodwa ngohlobo olufanele lolwazi nobuchwepheshe, kungaphumelela. Ngokuqonda ukuthi ulimi lusebenza kanjani nokuqaphela ukubaluleka komongo wamasiko, umhumushi Onekhono Wasebelarus angasiza ekuvaleni igebe lolimi futhi enze ukuxhumana okunengqondo.

Yiluphi ulimi Olukhulunywa Ebelarus?

Ulimi Lwesibelarus lukhulunywa kakhulu Ebelarus nasezindaweni ezithile Zaserussia, E-Ukraine, Elithuania, Elatvia Nasepoland.

Uyini umlando Wolimi Lwesibelarusian?

Ulimi lokuqala lwabantu Basebelarus kwakuyisislavic Sasempumalanga esidala. Lolu limi lwavela ngekhulu le-11 futhi lwalululwimi lwenkathi Yekievan rus' ngaphambi kokuncipha kwalo ngekhulu le-13. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, yayithonywe kakhulu Isislavonic Sesonto nezinye izilimi.
Ngekhulu le-13 nele-14, lolu limi lwaqala ukuhlukana lwaba izilimi ezimbili ezihlukene: izilimi zasenyakatho nezaseningizimu Zesibelarusian. Ulimi lwaseningizimu lwaba isisekelo solimi lwezincwadi olwalusetshenziswa Egrand duchy Of lithuania, kamuva olwaba ulimi olusemthethweni kuleli zwe.
Phakathi nenkathi Yasemoscow, kusukela ngekhulu le-15, Isibelarusian saqhubeka sithonywa isirashiya, futhi ulimi lwesibelarusian lwanamuhla lwaqala ukwakheka. Ekhulwini le-16 nele-17, kwakunemizamo yokuhlanganisa nokulinganisa ulimi, kodwa le mizamo yagcina ingaphumelelanga.
Ekhulwini le-19, Isibelarusian savuselelwa njengolimi olukhulunywayo nolimi lwezincwadi. Ngawo-1920, yaziwa njengolunye lwezilimi ezisemthethweni Zasesoviet Union. Nokho, ukucindezelwa kukastalin ngawo-1930 kwabangela ukwehla kokusetshenziswa kolimi. Yavuselelwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960 futhi kusukela lapho isibe ulimi olusemthethweni lwasebelarus.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesibelarusian?

1. Ufrancysk Skaryna (14851541): Uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "Ubaba Wezincwadi Zasebelarus", Uskaryna wayengumshicileli wokuqala nomhumushi wemibhalo Yobukristu esuka olimini lwesilatini nesiczech iye Olimini Lwesibelarusian. Uhlonishwa ngokuvuselela ulimi Lwesibelarusian nokukhuthaza ababhali bakusasa ukuba basebenze ngalolu limi.
2. Usimeon Polotsky (15301580): isazi semfundiso yenkolo, imbongi nesazi sefilosofi, Upolotsky waziwa ngemisebenzi yakhe enezici eziningi emkhakheni wolimi, umlando, isiko, inkolo kanye nokuma kwezwe. Wabhala imibhalo eminingana Ngesibelarusian eye yaba imisebenzi ye-canonical yezincwadi Zasebelarus.
3. Uyanka Kupala (18821942): imbongi nombhali wemidlalo, Ukupala wabhala Ngesibelarusian nangesirashiya futhi uthathwa kabanzi njengembongi ebaluleke Kakhulu Yasebelarus yekhulu lama-20.
4. Uyakub Kolas (18821956): imbongi nombhali, Ukolas wabhala ngolimi Lwesibelarusian olukhulunywa engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe futhi wethula amagama amaningi amasha nezinkulumo olimini.
5. Uvasil bykaי (1924-2003): imbongi, umbhali wemidlalo, umbhali wesikrini kanye nomphikisi, Ubykaי wabhala izindaba, imidlalo nezinkondlo ezazikhombisa impilo Ebelarus ngesikhathi sokuhlala Kwesoviet. Imisebenzi yakhe eminingi ibhekwa njengenye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yezincwadi zesimanje Zasebelarus.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesibelarusian sakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi Lwesibelarusian luyingxenye yeqembu lezilimi Zasempumalanga Slavic futhi luhlobene kakhulu nesirashiya nesi-ukraine. I-inflective kakhulu, okusho ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagama zisetshenziselwa ukuveza uhla lwezincazelo, kanye nolimi lokuhlanganisa, okusho ukuthi amagama nemishwana eyinkimbinkimbi idalwa ngokungeza izijobelelo kwamanye amagama nama-morpheme. Ngokwe-Grammatically, i-sov (subject-object-verb) ngokulandelana kwamagama futhi isebenzisa ubulili besilisa nabesifazane kanye namacala amaningi. Ngokuphathelene nokubiza amagama, ulimi Lwesislavic olunethonya elithile lesiczech nesipolish.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Belarusian ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thatha izifundo zolimi ezisemthethweni: Uma uzimisele ngokufunda ulimi Lwesibelarusian, ukuthatha izifundo zolimi eziku-inthanethi noma zomuntu siqu kuyindlela enhle yokuqala. A course ulimi kungakusiza ufunde eziyisisekelo ulimi futhi akunike isakhiwo ukwakha phezu amakhono akho.
2. Ukucwiliswa: ukuze ufunde ulimi ngempela futhi ukhulume kahle, uzofuna ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka uzicwilisa olimini. Lalela Umculo Belarusian, ubuke Amafilimu Belarusian nemibukiso yethelevishini, funda Izincwadi Belarusian, blogs, futhi izihloko-noma yini eyokusiza uzwe futhi usebenzise ulimi.
3. Ukuzijwayeza: Ukuchitha isikhathi ukhuluma nokulalela ulimi kubalulekile ukuze ulwazi kahle ulimi. Kunezindlela eziningana zokuzijwayeza ukukhuluma ulimi-ungajoyina iqembu lolimi, uthole umlingani wolimi, noma usebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza zokufunda ulimi ukuzijwayeza nezikhulumi zomdabu.
4. Thola impendulo: Uma uke wazijwayeza ukukhuluma nokulalela ulimi, kubalulekile ukuba uthole impendulo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi usebenzisa kahle. Ungasebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokufunda ulimi ukuze uthole impendulo evela ezikhulumi zomdabu noma ngisho uthole umfundisi online ongakunikeza isiqondiso uqobo kanye nempendulo.