Isiserbia Mari Guqulela

Ukuguqulela ukusuka kwisiserbia ukuya kwisiserbia kufuna umguquleli onamava ukuchaneka kunye nokuqonda kwenkcubeko. Iserbia lilizwe Lasebalkan Kumazantsi Mpuma Eyurophu elinembali etyebileyo kunye nobudlelwane obusondeleyo namanye amazwe awayesakuba Yiyugoslavia. Inolwimi lwayo olwahlukileyo, ialfabhethi Yesicyrillic, kunye nenkcubeko ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ngaphambi kokuzama ukuguqulela nawuphi na umbhalo.

Ulwimi lwaseserbia luyinxalenye yosapho Lolwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic oluquka isibulgaria, isicroatia, nesimacedonia. Kukho iilwimi ezimbini eziphambili zolwimi, Isitokavia Kunye Netorlakian. Ngelixa I-Shtokavian yeyona fomu ithethwa kakhulu, Itorlakian isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiinjongo zoncwadi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuchaneka ekuguquleleni, umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo kufuneka aqhelane nazo zombini iziyelelane kunye nemiba yengingqi phakathi kwazo.

Isiserbia yabhalwa ngoonobumba Besicyrillic, abasuka kwisigrike. I - alfabhethi iqulethe oonobumba abaninzi kune-Latin alfabhethi, okwenza kube nzima ukufunda nokuqonda. Ngaloo ndlela, kubalulekile ukuba nomguquleli oqhelene nealfabhethi Yesicyrillic kwaye ukhululekile ngokuchwetheza kuyo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokucaca kwisicatshulwa esiguqulelweyo.

Ngenxa yobudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nezinye iintlanga zangaphambili Zaseyugoslavia, kubalulekile ukuba umguquleli wakho aqonde umongo kunye nenkcubeko Yaseserbia. Ulwimi kunye nembali Yaseserbia iye yachaphazeleka kakhulu kumazwe angabamelwane kunye namasiko. Umguquleli oqheleneyo nalo mmandla uya kuba nakho ukulungelelanisa umahluko weelwimi kunye nenkcubeko ukuze isicatshulwa ekujoliswe kuso sibonise ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo kunye nenjongo yombhalo womthombo.

Ngamafutshane, umguquleli osebenza ukusuka okanye kwisiserbia kufuneka azi kakuhle ngolwimi lwaseserbia kunye nenkcubeko kunye namasiko awodwa. Ulwazi lwealfabhethi yesicyrillic lukwafuneka kuguqulelo oluchanekileyo noluchanekileyo okanye olusuka kwiserbia. Ngamava afanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo, umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo waseserbia unokukunika uguqulelo oluchanekileyo noluvakalayo ukusuka okanye ukuya kwiserbia.

Ziziphi iilwimi ezisemthethweni zaseserbia?

Isiserbia, isiserbia, Ibosnia Neherzegovina, Imontenegro, Nekosovo. Ikwathethwa ngamaqela amancinci Ngaphakathi Kwecroatia, Ibulgaria, Ihungary, Iromania, Kunye Neriphabhlikhi Yasemantla Emacedonia.

Ziziphi iilwimi ezisemthethweni zaseserbia?

Ukuphuhliswa kolwimi lwaseserbia kunokulandelwa emva kwekhulu le-8, xa liqala ukuvela njengolwimi oluhlukileyo emva kokuwa Kobukhosi Basebyzantium ngekhulu le-7. Umzekelo wokuqala owaziwayo wokubhala kwesiserbia ubuyela kwi-13 leminyaka, nangona ininzi yale nto ngoku ithathwa njengesiserbia sasisele siphuhlisiwe ngelo xesha. Kumaxesha Aphakathi, Iserbia yayilikhaya leelwimi ezahlukeneyo, nganye ithethwa ngamaqela ahlukeneyo kweli lizwe, kodwa ukuphuhliswa koncwadi Lwaseserbia ngenkulungwane ye-15 neye-16 kwanceda ukuzisa iziyelelane kunye nokubeka emgangathweni ulwimi.
Ngexesha lolawulo Lwama-Ottoman ukususela ngekhulu le-14 ukuya kwekhulu le-19, isiserbia sasichaphazeleka kakhulu yi-ottoman Turkish, eyashiya uphawu lwayo kulwimi ngokwemigaqo yesigama kunye negrama. Oku kuye kwaqhubeka kwiindawo ezininzi kude kube namhlanje, ngakumbi emazantsi nasempuma Yeserbia.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, kwenziwa uhlengahlengiso olungakumbi loncwadi, kwaye ulwimi lwaseserbia lwalulinganiselwe Ngokolwimi Lwaseserbia, olusetyenziselwa uninzi lweetekisi ezibhaliweyo nezithethwayo kweli lizwe namhlanje. Ukususela ngoko, ulwimi luye lwachaphazeleka kakhulu kwezinye iilwimi, ngokuyinhloko isingesi, okwenza kube ngumxube onomdla.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwaseserbia?

1. Uvuk Stefanovic Karadzic (1787-1864): Owaziwa ngokuba "nguyise weencwadi zanamhlanje zaseserbia," wayengumntu obalulekileyo ekumiseni i-orthography yaseserbia kunye negrama kunye nokudala isichazi-magama saseserbia.
2. Udositej Obradovic (1739-1811): umbhali obumba uncwadi lwaseserbia kunye nemfundo, imisebenzi yakhe ibe negalelo elikhulu ekukhuleni kwenkcubeko yaseserbia, ulwimi kunye nemfundo.
3. Petar II Petrović-Njegoš (1813-1851): inkosana-bhishophu kunye nembongi yaseserbia, ngoyena mntu uphambili kwimbali yoncwadi lwaseserbia. Uyaziwa ngokuba ngumbongo wakhe we-1837 "I-Mountain Wreath," eyakhuthaza inational liberation movement.
4. Ujovan Sterija Popović (1806-1856): umdlalo weqonga, imisebenzi yakhe yanceda ekubumbeni ithiyetha yanamhlanje yaseserbia kunye nolwimi. Ithathwa njengempembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso lolwimi lwaseserbia.
5. Ustefan Mitrov Ljubiša (1824-1878): umdlali okhokelayo Waseserbia, umsebenzi wakhe uye wanconywa ngokunceda ukubeka umgangatho wolwimi lwaseserbia. Imidlalo yakhe iqatshelwe ngezinto zabo ezihlekisayo kunye nokugxekwa kwabo kwezentlalo.

Uluphi ulwimi lwaseserbia?

Ulwimi lwaseserbia ngokuyintloko ludibaniso Lweelwimi Zeslavic Nezasebalkan. Lulwimi oluchaphazelayo olunamadoda amabini (ubudoda, ubufazi, kunye ne-neuter), amanani amathathu (isinye, amabini, kunye nesininzi) kunye namatyala asixhenxe (utyumbo, umtyholwa, umfuzo,umthambo, uvocative, isixhobo, kunye nendawo). Kwakhona inomxholo-Isenzi-Into igama umyalelo.

Indlela yokufunda isiserbia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Ukuya kwiiklasi zolwimi: enye yeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokufunda naluphi na ulwimi olutsha kukuya kwiklasi okanye ikhosi. Oku kunokuba lithuba elihle lokufunda igrama yaseserbia kunye nokubiza amagama kwindawo ehleliweyo, kunye notitshala oqeqeshiweyo esandleni ukukunceda.
2. Bukela Serbian movies kwaye TV ibonisa: Ukubukela i-tv kwaye bhanyabhanya yindlela enkulu familiarize ngokwakho kunye ulwimi kwaye ukufumana ezinye kuluncedo amabinzana kwaye idioms.
3. Fumana iqabane lokutshintshiselana ngolwimi: Ukuba ukuya kwiiklasi zolwimi akuyona inketho kuwe, ngoko ukufumana iqabane lokutshintshiselana ngolwimi kunokuba yindlela enhle yokufunda ngokukhawuleza. Qiniseka ukuba nobabini niyavumelana ngolwimi enifuna ukugxila kulo xa nithetha naxa nizilolonga.
4. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi: zininzi izibonelelo eziluncedo kwi-intanethi zokukunceda ufunde isiserbia, ezinje ngewebhusayithi, iiapps, iipodcasts kunye neevidiyo. Zama ukusebenzisa ezi zinto ukongeza eminye imisebenzi yakho yokufunda ulwimi.
5. Thetha isiserbia kunye native speakers: eyona ndlela ukuphucula yakho isiserbia kukuba senzo kunye native speakers. Joyina iqela lendawo okanye ufumane amathuba kwi-intanethi ukuthetha nezithethi zomthonyama. Oku kuya kukunceda uphucule ukubizwa kwakho, ukuzithemba kunye nokuqonda ulwimi.

Translation: Ukuguqulela Iilwimi Ukuqonda Yenkcubeko

I-Mari Translation yinkonzo yokuguqulela yamazwe ngamazwe ekhusela izikhewu zenkcubeko ngokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo, ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwiilwimi ezininzi. Yasekwa ngonyaka ka-2012, I-Mari Translation izenzele njengenkokeli kwiinkonzo zeelwimi kwaye ibonelela ngoluhlu lweenguqulelo, kubandakanya nezo zinxulumene nezonyango, ezomthetho, ezobuchwephesha kunye neeprojekthi zentengiso.

Ukuzibophelela kwenkampani ekwenzeni izithintelo zolwimi yinto yexesha elidlulileyo kuyenze ukuba ibe yenye yeenkonzo zokuguqulela ezinokuthenjwa. Iqela layo leengcali liquka izithethi zomthonyama ezigxile kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngespanish, isifrentshi, isijamani, isitaliyane, isirashiya, Isitshayina Kunye Nesijapan. Zonke iinguqulelo zamagama zihlolwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zilungelelaniswe ngokwemigaqo yolwimi olujoliswe kuyo, ngokuqwalasela amasiko asekuhlaleni, imimandla kunye neelwimi.

I-Mari Translation ikwabonelela ngeenkonzo zendawo. Olu hlobo lokuguqulela luhlengahlengisa isicatshulwa ukuze sihambelane nolindelo lwenkcubeko kunye nokukhethwa kwabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo. Ngothungelwano lwayo olubanzi lwee-localizers kunye nabaguquleli, Inguqulelo Ye-Mari inokubonelela ngezisombululo ezibanzi zendawo, ukusuka kwiintlelo ezithile zeshishini ukuya kulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo lwenkcubeko.

Ukongeza, inkampani ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezinye iinkonzo, ezinje ngeetoliki zeentlanganiso zeshishini,inguqulelo yeaudio / yevidiyo,ukukhutshelwa, kunye nokubhaliweyo. Iqela lethu leengcali liyafumaneka 24/7 ukubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezikhawulezayo nezichanekileyo ngelixa ugcina uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwabathengi engqondweni.

Kwi-Mari Translation, kugxilwe ekuboneleleni ngeenguqulelo ezisemgangathweni ngokusebenza okuphezulu. Inkampani iyazingca ngokulandela amanyathelo angqongqo olawulo lomgangatho kunye nokuzinikela ekuhambiseni iziphumo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ikwayilwela ukwakha ubudlelwane obuqinileyo babathengi kunye nokubonelela ngenkonzo eyenzelwe wena.

Ukuguqulelwa kwe-Mari lukhetho olukhulu kuye nabani na ojonge ukuvala izithintelo zolwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Ngeqela layo elizinikeleyo leengcali, iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo ezisemgangathweni, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo, inkampani iqinisekile ukwenza unxibelelwano lube lula kwaye lusebenze.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasemari?

Ulwimi Lwasemari luthethwa ikakhulu Erashiya, nangona kukho abathethi E-Estonia Nase-Ukraine. Ulwimi olusemthethweni Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasemari El, isihloko somdibaniso Waserashiya.

Liliphi igama Lolwimi Lwasemari?

Ulwimi Lwasemari lilungu losapho Lolwimi Lweuralic, kwaye lulwimi lomthonyama lwabantu abamalunga nama-450,000 Emari El, iriphabhlikhi ngaphakathi kwerussian Federation. Ithethwa ngabantu Basemari, abayinzala yabantu basefinno-Urgic bamandulo abaqala ukufudukela kule ndawo ukusuka Kumbindi nakwinyakatho Yurophu malunga ne-3000 BC. Ingxelo yokuqala ebhaliweyo yolwimi Lwasemari yavela ngo-1243, xa Ugrand Duke Ugeorgy Vsevolodovich wasevladimir wasungula indawo Yokuhlala Yaseyuriev (ngoku eyaziwa Ngokuba Yiyaroslavl). Olu lwimi luneziyelelane ezibini ezahlukeneyo-I-Hill Mari Kunye Ne-Meadow Mari-ezahlukileyo ngokwendlela yokubiza, igrama kunye nesigama. Ukutyhubela imbali yayo, Ulwimi Lwasemari luye lwaboleka amagama avela kwezinye iilwimi ezifana nesitatar, isirashiya nesijamani. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, olu lwimi lwaqala ukubhalwa ngoonobumba Besicyrillic, yaye ebudeni bexesha Lesoviet, lwakhuthazwa ngokukhutheleyo njengolwimi loncwadi lwaza lwasetyenziswa kwimfundo nakumaxwebhu aseburhulumenteni. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwenziwa iinzame zokuvuselela ulwimi, ngakumbi ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji yedijithali.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasemari?

1. Umario Salazar - usomlomo wasemari kunye nolwimi oluvela Esan Lucas Quiavini E-Oaxaca, Emexico. Uyaziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe kuphando, amaxwebhu, kunye nokuvuselelwa kolwimi Lwasemari.
2. Uheber Osvaldo Honorio Santiago - ungumfundisi kunye nomguquleli Wolwimi Wasemari Waseguerrero, Emexico. Ungumsunguli Wesikolo Solwimi Sasemari Eatoyac de Alvarez.
3. Udon Benito García Sámano-ungutitshala Wolwimi Lwasemari kunye nomlawuli Weziko Loqeqesho Lwenkcubeko Eguerrero, Emexico. Umsebenzi wakhe waba negalelo ekuphuhliseni ikharityhulam yokuqala kulwimi Lwemari ejolise kubafundi besikolo samabanga aphantsi.
4. U-César A. Varón-ungumntu we-anthropologist owenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo ekuphandeni nasekubhaleni ulwimi Lwasemari. Ngo-2009, washicilela Incwadi Yokuqala Ye-Mari grammar, I-Gramática mari: i-principios kunye ne-del idioma, kunye Ne-Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas.
5. Juventina Valenzuela - ungumhlohli Waseguerrero, Emexico. Ungumlawuli kunye nomsunguli weziko lemfundo yeelwimi ezimbini " Urimareye "("indawo yokukhanya"), esebenza njengeziko Lokubuyiselwa kolwimi Lwasemari kubantwana Eguerrero, Emexico.

Njani Ulwimi Lwasemari?

Ulwimi Lwasemari lulwimi Lweuralic oluthethwa ngabantu Basemari, abahlala kwiriphabhlikhi Yasemari El yaserussia kunye neendawo ezikufutshane. Ineziyelelane ezintathu eziphambili: Imeadow, Induli Kunye Nentaba. I-syntax yayo ikakhulu inogglutinative, kunye nezinye izinto ezinefuthe. Amagama formed ngokudibanisa ingcambu kunye nezimamva, ayinike i-morphology etyebileyo neyinkimbinkimbi. Ulwimi Lwasemari lukwasebenzisa ukuphindaphinda ukugxininiswa kunye nokwenza amagama eentsingiselo ezininzi. Kukho isenzi-umyalelo wokugqibela wegama, oku kuthetha ukuba isihloko, into kunye nesenzi zivela ekupheleni kwesivakalisi.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasemari ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thenga isikhokelo sokufunda ulwimi esijolise kulwimi Lwasemari, njengekhosi Yeroutledge Kulwimi Lwangoku Lwemari ngukenneth E. Croft.
2. Fumana isithethi somthonyama Sasemari onokuziqhelanisa nokuthetha naye.
3. Yiya kwiklasi yolwimi Lwasemari okanye ikhosi enikezelwa kwindawo yakho.
4. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi ukuziqhelanisa nezakhono zakho zolwimi Lwemari, ezinje ngewebhusayithi, ukurekhodwa kweaudiyo kunye nevidiyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwimi olusebenzisanayo.
5. Ziqhelanise namasiko nezithethe zabantu Base-Mari ukuze utyebise ngakumbi ukufunda ulwimi lwakho.
6. Mamela Umculo Wasemari kwaye ubukele iimovie Zasemari ukuze uqhelane nendlela ulwimi oluvakala ngayo.