Isibhunu Isi-Czech Humusha

Isibhunu siwulimi olukhulunywa Ikakhulukazi Eningizimu Afrika, Enamibia Nasebotswana ngabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-7. Njengoba ulimi lwavela esidashi, luqukethe izici zalo eziningi eziyingqayizivele, okwenza ukuhumushela esingisini kube inselele.

Njengoba lolu limi luhlobene kakhulu nesidashi, ukuhumusha Isibhunu kudinga okungaphezu nje kokumane kushintshwe igama elilodwa kwelinye, njengoba kunama-nuances amaningi nezinto zesitayela okudingeka zicatshangelwe. Ngokwesibonelo, isidashi sisebenzisa izimelabizo eziqondene nobulili, kuyilapho Isibhunu singasebenzisi; ngaphezu kwalokho, amagama esidashi abhalwe ngamagama amakhulu kuyilapho Isibhunu ngokuvamile singasebenzisi amagama amakhulu.

Ngaphezu kobunzima bokuhumushela Isibhunu esingisini, kunokwehluka okuningi kwamasiko phakathi kwala mazwe amabili okudinga ukuzwela nokuqonda. Umhumushi angakwazi ukubamba incazelo yombhalo wokuqala kuphela ngokuqonda lezi zincazelo.

Lapho uhumusha Isibhunu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umhumushi ofanelekayo ojwayelene nezilimi namasiko. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukunemba, kanye nokuhambisana nezidingo zomthetho ezifana nomthetho we-copyright.

Kulabo abasanda kuqala ukusebenza Ngesibhunu, ulwazi oluyisisekelo lolimi lubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokuhumusha. Umhumushi onguchwepheshe kufanele ajwayelane nesakhiwo sohlelo lolimi, izinkulumo ezivamile nezisho, uma sibala ezimbalwa.

Ezinguqulweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengamadokhumenti obuchwepheshe noma izinkontileka zomthetho, ngokuvamile kuyazuzisa ukuqasha iqembu labahumushi ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela enembile nevumelanayo.

Inqubo yokuhumusha Isibhunu ingase ibonakale inzima ekuqaleni, kodwa ngamathuluzi afanele nolwazi, ingafinyelelwa kalula. Ngokusebenzisa umhumushi professional abanekhono Kokubili Afrikaans and English, uyoqinisekisa ukunemba kanye nekhwalithi izinguqulo zakho zibe English.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa Kuwo Isibhunu?

Isibhunu sikhulunywa Kakhulu Eningizimu Afrika Nasenamibia, kunezikhulumi ezincane Ebotswana, Ezimbabwe, Ezambia Nase-Angola. Kukhulunywa futhi yingxenye enkulu yabantu abavela Kwamanye amazwe e-Australia, e-United States, Ejalimane nasenetherlands.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesibhunu?

Ulimi Lwesibhunu lunomlando omude futhi oyinkimbinkimbi. Luwulimi Lwaseningizimu Afrika olwakhiwa ngesidashi olwalukhulunywa abahlali bedutch East India Company kulokho okwakubizwa ngokuthi Idutch Cape Colony. Inomsuka wayo ngekhulu le-17, lapho abahlali basenetherlands Ekapa Colony besebenzisa isidashi njengolimi lwabo oluvamile. Yavela ezilimini zesidashi ezazikhulunywa yilaba bahlali, ezaziwa ngokuthi isidashi Sasecape. Futhi inethonya lezilimi Zesimalay, isiputukezi, isijalimane, isifulentshi, Isikhoi Nesibantu.
Ekuqaleni lolu limi lwalubizwa ngokuthi "isidashi Sasekapa "noma"isidashi Sasekhishini". Lwaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni njengolimi oluzimele ngo-1925. Ukuthuthuka kwalo kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: uhlobo olukhulunywayo, nohlobo olubhaliwe.
Ezingeni lokuqala lokuthuthuka kwalo, Isibhunu sasihlotshaniswa nesimo esiphansi emphakathini, futhi sasibhekwa njengophawu lokungazi. Lokhu kwashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Futhi Isibhunu saqala ukubhekwa njengolimi lokulingana, ikakhulukazi lapho samukelwa yinhlangano elwa nobandlululo ngawo-1960.
Namuhla, Isibhunu sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-16 Kulo Lonke Elaseningizimu Afrika Nasenamibia, futhi singesinye sezilimi ezingu-11 ezisemthethweni (kanye nolimi olungafuneki) Eningizimu Afrika. Ngaphandle Kweningizimu Afrika, lolu limi lukhulunywa Nase-Australia, e-United states nasebelgium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile lolu limi lubhalwa ngezinhlamvu zesilatini, nakuba abanye ababhali bekhetha ukusebenzisa indlela yokubhala yesidashi.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesibhunu?

1. Ujan Christiaan Smuts (18701950): wayengumuntu ovelele waseningizimu Afrika owaba nendima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi Zesibhunu nasekukhuthazeni ulimi kuzo zonke izici zokuphila.
2. S. J. du toit (18471911): waziwa ngokuthi 'ubaba Wesibhunu' ngenxa yomnikelo wakhe obalulekile ekusungulweni kolimi njengolimi olusemthethweni Eningizimu Afrika.
3. Ud. F. malan (18741959): wayengundunankulu wokuqala Waseningizimu Afrika futhi kuthiwa waqaphela ngokusemthethweni Isibhunu njengolimi olusemthethweni ngo-1925.
4. Ut. V. mofokeng (18931973): wayenguthisha owaziwayo, imbongi, umbhali kanye nesikhulumi esiza ukuthuthukisa nokukhuthaza izincwadi Zesibhunu.
5. Uc. P. Hoogenhout (19021972): ubhekwa njengomunye wamaphayona ezincwadi Zesibhunu, njengoba abhala izinkondlo, imidlalo, izindaba ezimfushane namanoveli athonya kakhulu izincwadi zesibhunu zanamuhla.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesibhunu sakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi Lwesibhunu lunesakhiwo esilula, esiqondile. Lisuselwa olimini lwesidashi futhi linezici eziningi ezifanayo. Isibhunu asinalo uhlelo lolimi, sisebenzisa izikhathi ezimbili kuphela zesenzo, futhi sihlanganisa izenzi ngesethi eyisisekelo yamaphethini. Kukhona futhi ukuguqulwa okumbalwa kakhulu, iningi lamagama linomumo owodwa kuzo zonke izimo nezinombolo.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Lwesibhunu ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokujwayelana nezisekelo Zohlelo Lolimi Lwesibhunu. Kunezinsiza eziningi ezikuyi-internet ezifundisa izifundo zokuqala zohlelo lolimi, noma ungathenga izincwadi noma ezinye izinto ukuze zikusize uqale.
2. Prakthiza amakhono akho okulalela ngokubuka amabhayisikobho, IMIBUKISO YE-TV, nezinhlelo zomsakazo Ngesibhunu. Lokhu kungakusiza ufunde amagama amaningi nemishwana, kanye pronunciation.
3. Funda izincwadi, amaphephandaba, kanye nomagazini ebhalwe Afrikaans. Lokhu kuzokusiza ufunde kabanzi ngolimi futhi ukhululeke ngohlelo lolimi kanye pronunciation.
4. Joyina iqembu Ingxoxo Afrikaans ukuze ukwazi ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma izikhulumi bomdabu. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuba uzizwe uzethemba ngokwengeziwe lapho ukhuluma nabanye.
5. Sebenzisa flashcards kanye zokusebenza ukukusiza ufunde amagama amasha nemishwana. Lena indlela enhle kakhulu yokwengeza izikhathi zakho zokufunda ezivamile.
6. Ukuya ezifundweni zolimi uma kungenzeka. Ukuthatha ikilasi elihlelekile kungaba yindlela enhle yokuqonda ulimi kangcono nokuzijwayeza nabanye abafundi.

Isiczech singesinye sezilimi ezithakazelisa kakhulu emhlabeni. Kukhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-10 futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko laseczech Republic. Ukusebenzisa inguqulo yesiczech kungaba yindlela enhle yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhizinisi lakho, iwebhusayithi, noma ukuxhumana kusendaweni efanele ukuze kufinyelelwe kule makethe ebalulekile.

Ngaphambi kokunquma inkonzo yokuhumusha yesiczech, kubalulekile ukuqonda ubunzima bokuhumusha ngokunembile kusuka esiczech. Okokuqala, isiczech siwulimi Lwesislavic, okusho ukuthi sinesakhiwo saso esiyingqayizivele sohlelo lolimi, izinhlamvu zamagama ezihlukile, nezilimi eziningana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abahumushi kumelwe babe nekhono kokubili olimini lwesiczech nolimi okuhloswe ngalo ukuze bahumushe ngempumelelo.

Uma udinga isevisi enokwethenjelwa yokuhumusha, kufanele ufune inkampani enolwazi nobuchwepheshe ngolimi lwesiczech. Kufanele bakwazi ukunikeza izinguqulo ezinembile nezifanelekile ngokwenkolo. Umhumushi omuhle uyoba nolwazi olujulile ngamasiko endawo ukuze akwazi ukuthola okuqukethwe futhi aqiniseke ukuthi kufanelekile ngokwenkolo.

Izinga lokuhumusha libalulekile nalapho kucatshangelwa inkonzo yokuhumusha yesiczech. Abahumushi kufanele bakwazi ukudlulisa umyalezo ngokucacile nangokunembile, ngaphandle kokuthikameza ithoni noma inhloso yombhalo wokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhumusha kuhlolwa ukuthi kunembile yini umuntu okhuluma isiczech ngaphambi kokuba kushicilelwe.

Ekugcineni, isevisi enhle yokuhumusha yesiczech izonikeza izikhathi zokuguqula ngokushesha. Isikhathi sihlala siyisici uma kuziwa endaweni, ngakho-ke kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi insizakalo oyikhethayo inganikeza isikhathi esibekiwe ngaphandle kokudela ikhwalithi.

Uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni isiczech, kubalulekile ukuthola inkonzo yobungcweti eqonda ama-nuances olimi namasiko. With the service ilungelo translation, ungakwazi ukuqinisekisa okuqukethwe kwakho ngokunembile localised,ngempumelelo waxhumana, futhi wathola kahle by the czech-abakhuluma.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo ulimi lwesiczech?

Ulimi lwesiczech lukhulunywa kakhulu eczech Republic. Kukhona futhi abantu abaningi abakhuluma isiczech e-Austria, Ejalimane, Ehungary, Epoland, Eslovakia Nase-Ukraine. Kukhulunywa futhi inani elincane labantu bakwamanye amazwe, Njenge-Australia, Icanada, Icroatia, Ifrance, I-Italy, Iromania, Iserbia ne-United States.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesiczech?

Ulimi lwesiczech luwulimi Lwesislavonic Sasentshonalanga, oluyingxenye yolimi lwesi-Indo-European. Sihlobene kakhulu nesislovak futhi siwulimi olusemthethweni eczech Republic. Lolu limi luye lwathonywa kakhulu isilatini, isijalimane nesipolish phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.
Ubufakazi bokuqala balolu limi buqala ngekhulu le-10, lapho lwaqala ukubhalwa kulokho manje okuyiczech Republic. Ngaleso sikhathi, lolu limi lwalubizwa ngokuthi Isibohemia futhi lwalukhulunywa kakhulu esifundeni sasebohemia. Phakathi nawo wonke ikhulu le-11 nele-12, yavela Olimini Lwesislavonic Esidala Sesonto, nakuba yayisagcina izici ezithile zolimi lwangempela.
Ekhulwini le-14, ulimi lwesiczech lwaqala ukusetshenziswa ngendlela ebhaliwe futhi kwavela uhlobo lokuqala lolimi, olwaziwa ngokuthi isiczech Esiphakathi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ulimi lwathola izinguquko eziningana ngenxa yethonya lesilatini, isijalimane nesipolish futhi kancane kancane lwaba isiczech Sanamuhla.
Ngo-1882, isazi sezilimi saseczech Učeněk Zíbrt sashicilela uhlelo lwaso lolimi lwesiczech, olwaba isisekelo sokwenza ulimi lube olujwayelekile. Kamuva lolu limi lwahlanganiswa Ngaphansi Komthetho wokupela amagama waseczech ka-1943, owasungula ulimi oluvamile olubhaliwe kulo lonke elaseczech Republic.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lolu limi luye lwaqhubeka lukhula futhi luvela, futhi namuhla lukhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-9 eczech Republic naseslovakia.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesiczech?

1. Ujan hus (c.13691415): umshisekeli wezinguquko zenkolo waseczech, isazi sefilosofi, kanye nomfundisi wezenkolo Echarles University Eprague, Ujan hus waba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwesiczech. Ukushumayela kwakhe nemibhalo yakhe enethonya kwabhalwa ngesiczech futhi kwasiza ekuqiniseni isimo salo njengolimi olusemthethweni Ebohemia.
2. Uváclavladký (18831949): isazi sezilimi esidumile saseczech kanye noprofesa wezilimi Zamaslav Echarles University Eprague, Uváclavladký wabhala imisebenzi eminingi ngolimi lwesiczech, kufaka phakathi Uhlelo Lolimi Lwesiczech Kanye Nokupela Amagama. Wabuye waba nomthelela omkhulu Emthethweni Wolimi Lukahulumeni Waseczechoslovakia, owamukelwa ngo-1926 futhi usalokhu uyindinganiso esemthethweni yesiczech namuhla.
3. Ubožena němcová (18201862): owaziwa kakhulu ngenoveli Yakhe Ethi Babička (Ugogo), Ubožena němcová wayengumuntu obalulekile emkhankasweni Wokuvuselelwa Kwesizwe saseczech futhi wayephakathi kwababhali bokuqala ukubhala kabanzi ngesiczech. Imisebenzi yakhe yaba nengxenye ekuveleni kolimi lwezincwadi lwesiczech futhi yasiza ekwandiseni ukusetshenziswa kwalo ezincwadini.
4. Ujosef jungmann (17731847): imbongi nesazi sezilimi, Ujosef jungmann waba nengxenye ekwakheni ulimi lwesiczech lwanamuhla. Uhlonishwa ngokuletha amagama amaningi avela kwezinye izilimi, njengesijalimane, isintaliyane nesifulentshi, ngesiczech, futhi wasiza ekumiseni ulimi lwesiczech njengolimi lwezincwadi.
5. Uprokop Diviš (17191765): isazi sezilimi nezilimi eziningi, Uprokop Diviš uthathwa njengomunye wokhokho bezilimi zaseczech. Wabhala kabanzi ngezilimi eziqhathanisayo, uhlelo lolimi, nefonoloji, futhi kuthiwa wasiza ekuguquleni ulimi lwesiczech futhi walwenza lwafaneleka kangcono ekubhaleni okusemthethweni.

Isakhiwo solimi lwesiczech sinjani?

Ulimi lwesiczech luwulimi Lwesislavic Sasentshonalanga, okusho ukuthi lungolomkhaya ofanayo nezinye izilimi Zesislavic ezinjengesipolish, isislovak nesirashiya. Inezici eziningana ezihlukile ezenza ihluke kwezinye izilimi.
Isiczech siwulimi oluguquguqukayo, okusho ukuthi amagama ashintsha isimo sawo kuye ngomsebenzi wawo emshweni. Ibuye ibe nokuhlanganiswa, okusho ukuthi kunezelwa iziqalo nezijobelelo emagameni ukuze kwakheke amagama amasha noma ukuze kuvezwe izincazelo ezihlukile. Isiczech sinezimo eziyisikhombisa(ngokuphambene nesingisi esinezimo ezimbili kuphela, isihloko nento). Lezi zimo eziyisikhombisa zithinta amagama, izabizwana, izimelabizo nezinombolo, futhi zibonisa indima yegama emshweni.
Ekugcineni, isiczech siwulimi olunemisindo eminingi, olunokufana okukodwa kokukodwa phakathi kwamagama abhaliwe nalawo akhulunywayo. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukufunda nokubiza amagama, ngisho nangaphandle kokuqonda incazelo yamagama.

Indlela ukufunda ulimi Czech ngendlela efanele kunazo?

1. Start ngokufunda eziyisisekelo lolimi Czech kanye pronunciation. Kunezincwadi eziningi nezinsiza eziku-inthanethi ezitholakalayo ukukusiza ufunde izinto eziyisisekelo zolimi.
2. Gxumela silulumagama. Funda imishwana esemqoka futhi ngokuvamile esetshenziswa amazwi ukuqala ukwakha isisekelo sokuqonda.
3. Inselelo ngokwakho ngezihloko eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhudlwana. Pholisha ulimi lwakho olukhulunywayo nolubhaliwe ngokuzijwayeza imisho eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, amafomu ezenzi, nezikhathi ezihlukahlukene.
4. Lalela izikhulumi zomdabu futhi ubuke amafilimu angaphandle. Ukuze ucije indlela ophimisela ngayo futhi uqonde ulimi ,ore imithombo yezindaba enjengezinhlelo ZE-TV, iziteshi zomsakazo, nama-podcast ukuze uzwe futhi ujwayele ulimi lwesiczech nolimi oluvamile.
5. Chitha isikhathi ezweni elikhuluma isiczech. Lena indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzicwilisa ngokugcwele olimini nasemasikweni. Uma lokhu kungeyona inketho, zama ukuxoxa nabantu abakhuluma isiczech noma ukuxhumana namaqembu noma imiphakathi ekhuluma isiczech.